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                <text>This paper aims to study the concept of marriage in the works of three authors, Charlotte Bronte, Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, and Vikram Seth. The study focuses on the role of female characters towards and within marriage, and the influence of marriage on their lives. The attempt is to depict how women in different times and parts of the world confront inappropriate social conventions. In other words, some women in different parts of the world have no right to choose their partners in patriarchal societies. Jane Eyre is the protagonist of Bronte’s novel, Lata the protagonist of Vikram Seth’s novel, and the two protagonists in Divakaruni,s short stories; “The Bats” and “Clothes” are introduced. Marriage for the protagonists of these three literary works is like a one-way journey, a point with no return. It alters their lives and brings them either happiness or misery. Throughout the current paper, the different attitudes towards marriage will be viewed to show the positive and negative aspects of marriage. A feminist perspective will be employed in analyzing the three literary works.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Mayada Rahim Eesa , Asmaa Mohanad Saad, Muntaha Abdul Sahib</text>
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                <text>الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Ghassan Awad  Ibrahim</text>
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                <text>The Absurdity of Life in Arthur Miller's Death of A Salesman: A Psychological Perspective</text>
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                <text>Kamal Hazim Hussien</text>
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                <text>The present research delves into a pragmatic analysis of diminutives within Shawqi’s plays, aiming to explore the multifaceted linguistic and cultural dimensions they bring to his dramatic discourse. Diminutives, linguistic constructions that denote smallness, affection, or endearment, have long been a significant element in the Arabic language and culture, serving various communicative functions. This research aims at investigating how diminutives are strategically employed by Shawqi to convey different meanings, evoke emotional responses, and shape character interactions. The present research uses extracts taken from selected plays as data. These plays are Antra, Majnoon Layla, Qhambeez, Ameerat Al-Andalus, and Ali Bey Al-Kabir. Drawing upon the framework of pragmatics, this research analyzes diminutives in selected plays by Ahmad Shawqi. The analysis involves a qualitative approach where diminutives in Ahmad Shawqi's plays are identified through character speeches, marked on pages, documented, and categorized by the researcher using content analysis following a systematic data collection process. It examines their contextual usage, communicative effects, and cultural connotations. Through a comprehensive examination of diminutives, their forms, and their roles in dialogue, characterization, and plot development, this research seeks to derive patterns and themes that illuminate Shawqi’s unique stylistic choices and the socio-cultural factor in which his works were crafted. By approaching Ahmad Shawqi’s plays from a pragmatic perspective, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate interplay between language, culture, and dramatic artistry. The textual analysis reveals that Diminutives in Shawqi’s plays serve as strategic tools, especially in romantic situations, enhancing emotional expression and character connections. They can convey both positive and negative emotions. Diminutives enrich literary works, reflecting cultural context and societal norms. They depict social hierarchies and relationships, adding depth to character portrayals. In essence, diminutives in Shawqi’s plays are context-dependent, contributing to a deeper understanding of characters and emotions. Ultimately, this study enriches our appreciation of Shawqi’s enduring contributions to Arabic literature and his mastery of linguistic devices in shaping the theatrical experience.</text>
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                <text>http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/490</text>
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                <text>الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Noura Muhammad Saleem  Saeed, Kamal Hazim Hussien</text>
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                <text>Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; مجلد 1 عدد 3 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 1-12</text>
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                <text>Diminutive, communicative functions</text>
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                <text>A Pragmatic Study of Diminutives in Ahmad Shawqi’s Plays</text>
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                <text>الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Ahmed Saeed Ahmed Mocbil</text>
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                <text>To this day, William Golding’s Lord of the Flies has never ceased to surprise critics and researchers alike with the profundity, richness and novelty of its ideas and concepts. A huge body of studies and research papers have addressed a wide array of concepts ranging from primitiveness, civilization, symbolism of characters, power; alienation from culture and civilization, to the subversion and loss of faith in humanity and the vulnerability and decline of civilization in the face of savagery. Some studies have touched upon the concepts of leadership and identity, but slightly and as peripheral ideas. However, no study—to the researcher’s best knowledge—has treated the concepts of identity construction and leadership modeling as its key concern, or individually addressed them from a similar perspective. Hence, the current research paper investigates the concepts of identity constructs and leadership models together, and not only within the context of the primitive-civilized binary opposition, but also within a common and comprehensive frame of reference. Besides, it detects and analyzes various values, beliefs, and attitudes germane to the concepts under study, and the overall mechanism within which they operate as a unified whole to construct identities, model leaderships and become characteristically defining factors.&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Mohammed al-Hiba</text>
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                <text>Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; مجلد 1 عدد 3 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 18-28</text>
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                <text>Constructing Identities and Modeling Leaderships in William Golding’s Lord of the  Flies (1954): A Primitive-Civilized Binary Contex</text>
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                <text>This study looks at some of the novels by Khalid Hosseini, an American writer of Afghan descent. Khalid Hosseini's novels chiefly, “A Thousand Splendid Suns, And The Mountains Echoed, and The Kite Runner” were a huge success, becoming international best-sellers. What distinguishes these novels is that their main ideas address some of the challenges and difficulties that Afghan women face in a patriarchal society. Women face severe dilemmas and trials as a result of exclusion, inequality, violence, discrimination, and a negative perception of women. The study will also look at Spivak's concept of subalternity and how it has come to be associated with women in societies where there is no true equality among its members. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that in societies experiencing violent and persistent internal conflicts and challenges, women are always the main victims and the biggest losers.</text>
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                <text>الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Qusay Khalaf  Hussein, Elhaj Adam  Ali</text>
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                <text>Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; مجلد 1 عدد 2 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 27-31</text>
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                <text>Subalternity, Patriarchy, Gender Discrimination, Hosseini</text>
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                <text>Women’s Shared Traumas in Khalid Khalid Hosseini’s Selected Novels: A Thousand Splendid Suns, the Mountains Echoed, and The Kite Runner</text>
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                <text>Racism is a dominant them in the African American literature. Many writers and authors attempted to focus on this theme in their works. August Wilson, as a an American author and citizen, display the effect of this dangerous societal blight on the norms and cultural issues of the American society in general and African American in particular. His plays Fences, Two Trains Running and Piano Lesson treated this theme by offering some solutions for such problem. The paper displays the root of racism in the American society and define racism according to the norms and culture of the American. The paper also finds that Wilson traced the appearances of racism in the American society after the great migration and how the migration of the Black from the south to the North motivated the rise of racism in the American society.</text>
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                <text>الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Sami Abed  Hasan</text>
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                <text>stereotype,   representation,  sexualization,  male gaze, exploitation.</text>
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                <text>Redefining a Woman’s Journey from Self-Effacement to Self-Actualization in Manju Kapur’s Novel A Married Woman</text>
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                <text>الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Ahlam Mohsin Maree  Al-Tai</text>
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