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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>el mizan journal</text>
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                <text>شوقي , سمير</text>
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                <text>بن دعاس , سهام</text>
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                <text>2021-03-25</text>
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                <text>يهدف هذا البحث إلى توضيح العلاقة بين الصفقات العمومية وحماية البيئة، وأيضا البحث في الآليات والوسائل القانونية التي تسمح بإدراج البعد البيئي في الصفقات العمومية لتحقيق التنمية المستدامة.
وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أنّ إدماج البيئة في مجال الصفقات العمومية يمكن تكريسه في جميع المراحل التي تمر بها الصفقة، مع ذلك فالملاحظ هو أنّ قانون الصفقات العمومية في الجزائر تضمن فقط إشارات بسيطة لموضوع إدماج الاعتبارات البيئية في مجال الصفقات العمومية، كما أنّ هذه العملية واجهت جملة من المعوقات والصعوبات.</text>
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                <text>This paper aims to highlight the relationship between the public transactions and environmental protection, and to look into the legal mechanisms and means that allow to include the environmental dimension in the public transactions in order to achieve sustainable development.
The study reached that the inclusion of the environmental dimension in the field of the public transactions can be fulfilled in all stages of the transaction. However, it is noted that the Public Transactions' Code in Algeria contains only simple references about this In addition, this process faced some obstacles and difficulties.</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Emirj/article/view/767</text>
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                <text>10.37138/emirj.v34i3.767</text>
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                <text>ara</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية -قسنطينة</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Emirj/article/view/767/511</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية; مجلد 34 عدد 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1330-1362</text>
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                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير ; Vol. 34 No. 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1330-1362</text>
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                <text>Emir University Journal; Vol. 34 No 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1330-1362</text>
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                <text>2588-204X</text>
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                <text>1112-4040</text>
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                <text>10.37138/emirj.v34i3</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>لبعد البيئي</text>
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                <text>الصفقات العمومية</text>
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                <text>التنمية المستدامة</text>
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                <text>environmental dimension</text>
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                <text>public transactions</text>
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                <text>sustainable development</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>إدراج البعد البيئي في الصفقات العمومية كأساس لتحقيق التنمية المستدامة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180621">
                <text>Inclusion of the Environmental Dimension in the Public Transactions as a Basis to achieve Sustainable Development</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>el mizan journal</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="176188">
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180565">
                <text>فوغالية, فريد</text>
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                <text>بن مهية, إبراهيم</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180567">
                <text>2021-12-20</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>إن أصل السجن وغايته في الاسلام هو التأديب والتقويم، لكنه تطور مع مرور الوقت ليصبح وسيلة من وسائل السلطة في قمع معارضيها والثائرين عليها، بل وحتى الانتقام من رجالها، نسعى من خلال هذا المقال إلى استقراء قضية السجن في القرون الأربعة الهجرية الأولى من خلال كتاب "الفرج بعد الشدة" لأبي علي المُحَسِّن بن علي التنوخي، مع عرض أسباب السجن حيث غلبت عليها الأسباب السياسية والاقتصادية والادارية أيضا، ولهذا كانت أصناف السجناء متنوعة، أما ظروف سجنهم فقد كانت مختلفة باختلاف درجة العقوبة ومزاج الآمر بها ومكان قضاء فترة السجن أيضا.</text>
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                <text>The origin of the prison and its goal in Islam is discipline and correction, but it has evolved over time to become a means of authority to suppress its opponents and revolts against it, and even revenge against its men, we seek through this article to extrapolate the prison issue in the first four Hijri centuries through a book 'al Faraj ba‘d&amp;nbsp; al- shidda' by Abu Ali al-Muhassin b. ‘Alī al-Tanūkhī, with a presentation of the causes of imprisonment&amp;nbsp; where it was dominated by political, economic and administrative reasons as well, That's why the types of prisoners were diverse, As for the conditions of their imprisonment, they were different depending on the degree of punishment, the mood of the commander, and the place of serving the prison period as well.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180570">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Emirj/article/view/764</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180571">
                <text>10.37138/emirj.v35i3.764</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>ara</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180573">
                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية -قسنطينة</text>
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          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180574">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Emirj/article/view/764/518</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180575">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180576">
                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية; مجلد 35 عدد 3 (2021): v35i32021; 916-947</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180577">
                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير ; Vol. 35 No. 3 (2021): v35i32021; 916-947</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180578">
                <text>Emir University Journal; Vol. 35 No 3 (2021): v35i32021; 916-947</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180579">
                <text>2588-204X</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180580">
                <text>1112-4040</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180581">
                <text>10.37138/10.37138/emirj.v35i3</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180582">
                <text>prison</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180583">
                <text>prisoners</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180584">
                <text>Orient</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180585">
                <text>al Faraj ba‘d  al- shidda</text>
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                <text>al-Tanūkhī</text>
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                <text>السجن</text>
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                <text>السجناء</text>
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                <text>المشرق</text>
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                <text>الفرج بعد الشدة</text>
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                <text>التنوخي</text>
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                <text>السجن والسجناء من خلال كتاب الفرج بعد الشدة للقاضي أبي علي المُحَسِّن بن علي التنوخي</text>
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                <text>Prison and Prisoners through 'al Faraj ba‘d  al- shidda'   of al-qadi Abu Ali al-Muhassin b. ‘Alī al-Tanūkhī</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>el mizan journal</text>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180534">
                <text>., حدة بوخالفة</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180535">
                <text>2021-03-25</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>من الأولويات الأساسية لاستقرار البشرية هو تحقيق الأمن والطمأنينة للفرد، وهو حق مشروع تعمل الدول على النص عليه في أغلب المواضيع المتعلقة بحقوق الإنسان. ولأن الأمن القومي يعمل على تحقيق سيادة الدولة على أراضيها، فقد ظهر إلى جانبه الأمن البشري كمفهوم جديد يهتم بالفرد ، وما قد يتعرض له من مخاطر، كالفقر والتلوث البيئي والتدهور الصحي وغيرها، وذلك نتيجة للتهديدات التي أفرزها واقع العلاقات الدولية بين الدول وتشابك مصالحهم. من أجل ذلك سنطرق لأهم جوانب الأمن البشري كشرط أساسي للتنمية البشرية وضمان لاستمراريتها واستدامتها، وكألية جديدة نفعية لتحقيق حقوق الإنسان .</text>
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                <text>One of the basic priorities for the stability of &amp;nbsp;humankind is the achievement of security and tranquility for the individual, and it is a legitimate right that states work to provide for in most topics related to human rights. And because national security works to achieve the sovereignty of the state on its lands, human security has appeared alongside it as a new concept concerned with the individual, and what risks he might be exposed to, such as poverty, environmental pollution, health deterioration, and others, as a result of the threats that the reality of international relations between countries and the intertwining of their interests have brought about. For that&amp;nbsp; we will address the most important aspects of&amp;nbsp; human security as an essential condition for human development and a guarantee of &amp;nbsp;its continuity and sustainability, and as a new mechanism expediency to achieve &amp;nbsp;human rights.</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Emirj/article/view/763</text>
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                <text>10.37138/emirj.v34i3.763</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>ara</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180541">
                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية -قسنطينة</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180542">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Emirj/article/view/763/508</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180543">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية; مجلد 34 عدد 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1298-1329</text>
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                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير ; Vol. 34 No. 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1298-1329</text>
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                <text>Emir University Journal; Vol. 34 No 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1298-1329</text>
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                <text>2588-204X</text>
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                <text>الأمن البشري (الإنساني)،</text>
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                <text>القانـون الدولـي العام</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180552">
                <text>الأمن القومي،</text>
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                <text>الاستقرار الاجتماعي</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180554">
                <text>حقوق الإنسان.</text>
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                <text>human security</text>
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                <text>, international public law</text>
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                <text>national security</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180558">
                <text>social stability</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180559">
                <text>, human rights</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180560">
                <text>الأمـن البشري في القانـون الدولـي العام</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180561">
                <text>Human security in public international law</text>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180563">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180564">
                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180504">
                <text>بوناح, عبد النور</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180505">
                <text>., رشيد ساسان</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>عقد الترخيص كعقد من العقود المتعلقة بالملكية الصناعية، يهدف من خلاله المرخص إلى استغلال حق ملكيته الصناعية، في حين يهدف منه المرخص له إلى استغلال هذا الحق بغية تحقيق أهدافه الاقتصادية، إلا أنه قد يعمد أحد أطراف عقد الترخيص والذي غالبا ما يكون المرخص، إلى إدراج شروط توصف بأنها تقييدية في عقد الترخيص، باعتباره الطرف الأقوى في العقد لامتلاكه حق أو أكثر من حقوق الملكية الصناعية، مما يؤدي إلى اختلال التوازن في عقد الترخيص، والإضرار بالمرخص له، إضافة إلى الإخلال بقواعد المنافسة وتكريس التبعية الدائمة للمرخص.
لذلك جاءت هذه الدراسة لتسليط الضوء على الشروط الواردة في عقد الترخيص والموصوفة بأنها تقييدية، وتبيان حدود حظرها وإباحتها في عقد الترخيص.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180508">
                <text>The license contract pertains to industrial property; It allows the licensor to reap benefit of his right of industrial property, and the licensee to exploit this right in order to achieve his/ her business objectives. However, one of the parties to the license agreement - often the licensor - may include restrictive conditions in the license contract, being the strongest party because he owns one or many rights to property rights. This situation leads to imbalance in the license contract, which may harm the interests of the licensee, infringe the rules of fair competition, and perpetuate a dependence of the licensee to the licensor
This study aims to highlight the need to put some order with regard to the inclusion or not of restrictive conditions.</text>
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                <text>10.37138/emirj.v34i3.758</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180511">
                <text>ara</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180512">
                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية -قسنطينة</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180514">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180515">
                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية; مجلد 34 عدد 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1245-1297</text>
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                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير ; Vol. 34 No. 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1245-1297</text>
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                <text>Emir University Journal; Vol. 34 No 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1245-1297</text>
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                <text>2588-204X</text>
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                <text>1112-4040</text>
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                <text>10.37138/emirj.v34i3</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180521">
                <text>license contract</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180522">
                <text>restrictive conditions;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180523">
                <text>industrial property</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180524">
                <text>Balance of license contract</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180525">
                <text>عقد الترخيص</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180526">
                <text>الشروط التقييدية؛</text>
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                <text>الملكية الصناعية</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180528">
                <text>التوازن في عقد الترخيص</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180529">
                <text>الشروط التقييدية في عقد الترخيص</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180530">
                <text>Restrictive conditions in the license contract</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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      <elementSetContainer>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="27510">
                  <text>el mizan journal</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="176188">
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180472">
                <text>عيد, عبدالحق</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180473">
                <text>عمروس , فريدة</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180474">
                <text>2021-12-20</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180475">
                <text>نهدف من خلال هذا المقال إلى تقديم وبطريقة تحليلية مختلف الألعاب القديمة التي صممها ومارسها المجتمع الروماني بالمقاطعات الرومانية في الجزائر، مستدلا ذلك بمختلف النصوص الأدبية والتاريخية والشواهد الأثرية التي تعكس أهمية اللعب والترفيه لدى الإنسان الروماني في الفترة القديمة، وقد تطرقنا في هذه الدراسة إلى أهم النماذج لعمارة الترفيه في الفترة الرومانية من مسارح ومدرجات وحمامات وكيفية تنظيم المسابقات داخل أقسامها ونوهنا بالتعريف بألعاب المدرّجات والسيرك، التي من ضمنها المصارعة الرومانية والصيد وسباق العربات والتي تختلف عن غيرها من الألعاب التي انتشرت في الوسط الروماني، فنحن ومن خلال موضوع هذا البحث الذي نود من خلاله توثيق كل المعطيات المتعلقة بالمرافق الترفيهية وكذلك دراسة الألعاب التي تقام في هذا المرافق وإبراز دورها في الحياة اليومية للمواطن الروماني، اعتمادا على قراءة أثرية وكذا تحليل المشاهد الإكنوغرافية والفنية للألعاب التي على اللقى الأثرية المختلفة.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180476">
                <text>Through this article, we aim to present and in an analytical way the various ancient games designed and practiced by the Roman community in the Roman provinces in Algeria, inferred by various literary and historical texts and archaeological evidence that reflect the importance of play and entertainment for Roman people in the ancient period, and we have touched in this study to The most important examples of entertainment architecture in the Roman period.We through the subject of this research, through which we wish to document all the data related to recreational facilities, as well as study the games that are held in these facilities and highlight their role in the daily life of Roman citizens, based on an archaeological reading, as well as analyzing the ecological and artistic scenes of the games on the various archaeological finds</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180477">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Emirj/article/view/756</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180478">
                <text>10.37138/emirj.v35i3.756</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180479">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180480">
                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية -قسنطينة</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180481">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Emirj/article/view/756/506</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180482">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180483">
                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية; مجلد 35 عدد 3 (2021): v35i32021; 891-915</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180484">
                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير ; Vol. 35 No. 3 (2021): v35i32021; 891-915</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180485">
                <text>Emir University Journal; Vol. 35 No 3 (2021): v35i32021; 891-915</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180486">
                <text>2588-204X</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180487">
                <text>1112-4040</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180488">
                <text>10.37138/10.37138/emirj.v35i3</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180489">
                <text>الألعاب</text>
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                <text>الترفيه</text>
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                <text>التصميم</text>
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                <text>الممارسة</text>
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                <text>الشواهد الأثرية</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180494">
                <text>Games</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180495">
                <text>entertainment</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180496">
                <text>design</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180497">
                <text>practice</text>
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                <text>archaeological evidence</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180499">
                <text>الألعاب الرومانية بالجزائر بين التصميم والممارسة: (قراءة أثرية وصفية)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180500">
                <text>The Roman Games in Algeria between design and practice : (descriptive archaeological reading)</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="27510">
                  <text>el mizan journal</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180443">
                <text>حمر , عبد القادر</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180444">
                <text>2021-03-25</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180445">
                <text>تؤسس شركات المساهمة باعتبارها محرك الاقتصاد الوطني وأداة تنميته وتطويره من قبل أشخاص يطلق عليهم المؤسسون، وينطبق هذا المصطلح على الفئة التي تباشر الإجراءات والأعمال القانونية لإيجاد هذا الكائن القانوني، فيهدف البحث الى تحديد المركز القانوني للشريك المؤسس من خلال تحديد المقصود به، ومدى انصراف التصرفات التي قام بها فترة التأسيس إلى شخصه أو إلى الشركة، أما أهم النتائج المتوصل اليها فتتمثل في:
&amp;nbsp;1ـ ضرورة التجسيد القانوني للمقصود بالمؤسس، مع الأخذ بالمفهوم الواسع، إذ المؤسس يعدّ محور وأساس تكوين شركات المساهمة.
&amp;nbsp;2 ـ المنح الصريح للشركة قيد التأسيس شخصية معنوية بقدر الأعمال اللاّزمة للتأسيس.</text>
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                <text>: Joint-stock companies are established as the engine of the national economy and a tool for its development and development by people called the founders. This term applies to the category that undertakes legal procedures and actions to find this legal object. He undertook the founding period for himself or for the company. As for the most important results, he is represented in:
1- The necessity of the legal embodiment of what is meant by the founder, while adopting the broad concept, as the founder is the axis and basis of forming joint stock companies.
2-The explicit granting of the company under incorporation is a legal entity as much as the business necessary for incorporation.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180447">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Emirj/article/view/753</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180448">
                <text>10.37138/emirj.v34i3.753</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180449">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180450">
                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية -قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180451">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Emirj/article/view/753/502</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180452">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180453">
                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية; مجلد 34 عدد 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1224-1244</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180454">
                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير ; Vol. 34 No. 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1224-1244</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180455">
                <text>Emir University Journal; Vol. 34 No 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1224-1244</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180456">
                <text>2588-204X</text>
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                <text>1112-4040</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180458">
                <text>10.37138/emirj.v34i3</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180459">
                <text>شركة المساهمة؛</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180460">
                <text>الشريك المؤسس</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180461">
                <text>قيد التأسيس</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180462">
                <text>الشخصية المعنوية</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180463">
                <text>: joint stock company</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180464">
                <text>founding partner</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180465">
                <text>under incorporation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180466">
                <text>corporate identity</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180467">
                <text>المركز القانوني للشريك المؤسس في شركة المساهمة قيد التأسيس</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180468">
                <text>The legal status of the founding partner of a joint stock company is under incorporation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180469">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180470">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180471">
                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="27510">
                  <text>el mizan journal</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="176188">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180412">
                <text>بولقواس , سناء</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180413">
                <text>2021-12-20</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180414">
                <text>اكتسب حق حرية الحصول على المعلومات وتداولها أهمية كبيرة، لارتباطه بحق الإنسان في المعرفة والذي نصت عليه مختلف المواثيق الدولية، وتمت بلورته في إعلان المبادئ الصادر عن القمة العالمية لمجتمع المعلومات، لأنه يعمل على تعزيز الشفافية والديمقراطية في الدولة، ولحق الحصول على المعلومات وتداولها أهمية كبيرة في الدور الذي يؤديه الإعلام في مجال مكافحة الفساد، إيجابا وسلبا لارتباطه بقدرته للنفاذ لمصدر هذه المعلومات.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180415">
                <text>The right of the access to information and its use has earned a great importance because of its relation with the human right to knowledge that is provided by various international conventions, and which has been developed in the principles declaration of the Information Society World Summit, since it works to promote transparency and democracy in the state. The right of the access to the information and its use has a great importance in the media role played in fighting against corruption positively and negatively since it is attached to its ability to get the source of this information.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180416">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Emirj/article/view/748</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180417">
                <text>10.37138/emirj.v35i3.748</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180418">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180419">
                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية -قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180420">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Emirj/article/view/748/501</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180421">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180422">
                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية; مجلد 35 عدد 3 (2021): v35i32021; 837-890</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180423">
                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير ; Vol. 35 No. 3 (2021): v35i32021; 837-890</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180424">
                <text>Emir University Journal; Vol. 35 No 3 (2021): v35i32021; 837-890</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180425">
                <text>2588-204X</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180426">
                <text>1112-4040</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180427">
                <text>10.37138/10.37138/emirj.v35i3</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180428">
                <text>right</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180429">
                <text>flow</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180430">
                <text>information</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180431">
                <text>media</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180432">
                <text>corruption</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180433">
                <text>حق</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180434">
                <text>تداول</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180435">
                <text>معلومات</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180436">
                <text>إعلام</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180437">
                <text>فساد</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180438">
                <text>تعزيز حق الحصول على المعلومات وتداولها وكفاءة الدور الإعلامي في مكافحة الفساد</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180439">
                <text>Promote the Right of Access and Circulation of Information and the Role of Efficient Media in Fighting against Corruption</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180440">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180441">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180442">
                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="2153" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="22">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="27510">
                  <text>el mizan journal</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="176188">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180383">
                <text>بن النية , أيوب</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180384">
                <text>بليمان, يمينة</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180385">
                <text>2021-03-25</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180386">
                <text>تهدف دراستنا لموضوع التجارة الإلكترونية ومراحل تطور القانون الذي ينظمها في الجزائر إلى تبيان أهمية هذا النوع الجديد من التجارة وحجم تداولاتها، وما مدى مساهمة قانون 18-05 في ضبط وتنظيم المعاملات التجارية الإلكترونية في الجزائر. حيث قمنا بإتباع المنهج الوصفي لإعطاء مفهوم شامل للتجارة الإلكترونية وتبيان المراحل المختلفة لتطور القانون الذي ينظمها في الجزائر، ثم اعتمدنا على المنهج التحليلي من أجل تحليل محتوى النصوص القانونية الواردة فيه، ومقارنتها بغيرها من النصوص لدى أنظمة الدول المجاورة بإتباع المنهج المقارن، وأهم ما استخلصته هذه الدراسة هو تثمين اعتماد قانون ينظم التجارة الإلكترونية في الجزائر، بالرغم من النقائص والثغرات التي تشوبه عند مقارنته مع القوانين الأجنبية الأخرى، إلا أنه جاء لملء الفراغ الذي كان سائدا بضبط وتنظيم المعاملات التجارية الإلكترونية بما يكفل حماية المستهلك الإلكتروني الجزائري .</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180387">
                <text>This study deals with electronic commerce, its importance scope of use, its regulating law in Algeria, and the contribution of Act 05/18 in regulating and controlling commercial transactions in Algeria.The descriptive approach is adopted to define electronic commerce and describe its legal stages of development, the analytic approach to analyse the content of the legal texts, and the comparative approach to compare this content with the legal texts of neighbouring countries. The results obtained showed mainly the importance of adopting a law liable to regulate electronic commerce in Algeria despite the gaps and imperfections revealed in its comparison to foreign laws.</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180388">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Emirj/article/view/738</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180389">
                <text>10.37138/emirj.v34i3.738</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180390">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180391">
                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية -قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180392">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Emirj/article/view/738/499</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180393">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180394">
                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية; مجلد 34 عدد 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1189-1223</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180395">
                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير ; Vol. 34 No. 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1189-1223</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180396">
                <text>Emir University Journal; Vol. 34 No 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1189-1223</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180397">
                <text>2588-204X</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180398">
                <text>1112-4040</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180399">
                <text>10.37138/emirj.v34i3</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180400">
                <text>Electronic commerce – definition</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180401">
                <text>stages of development</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180402">
                <text>–Act05/18</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180403">
                <text>Commercial transactions</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180404">
                <text>لتجارة الالكترونية؛ تعريفها؛</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180405">
                <text>راحل تطورها؛ قانون 18-05</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180406">
                <text>المعاملات التجارية</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180407">
                <text>تطور قانون التجارة الإلكترونية في الجزائر</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180408">
                <text>The evolution of e-commerce law in Algeria</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180409">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180410">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180411">
                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="27510">
                  <text>el mizan journal</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="176188">
                  <text>Articles</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>بوعــروج, شعيـب</text>
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                <text>بودليـو , سليــم</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2021-03-25</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>يقوم الأشخاص في معاملاتهم مع الغير بإبرام عقود، ومن بين أهم هذه العقود عقود الاستهلاك والتي تتم كأصل عام برضا الطرفين، غير أنه في كثير من الأحيان يصاب رضا أحد الطرفين بعيب مما يؤدي إلى اختلال العلاقة التعاقدية، ولهذا تدخل المشرع الجزائري في محاولة منه لإعادة التوازن العقدي المفقود وذلك بإقراره لنظرية عيوب الرضا.
وعليه جاءت هذه الدراسة للبحث في مدى مساهمة هذه النظرية في إعادة التوازن العقدي بين طرفي عقد الاستهلاك.</text>
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                <text>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;People make contracts to deal with others, and the contract of consumption is the most important, which is a public depend on satisfaction of the contractors. but sometimes the satisfaction is flawed with faults and this due to contractual imbalance, as a result the legist or approved the theory of faults of satisfaction.
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;This study comes to search in the extent of contribution of this theory in contract rebalancing between the contractors in the contract of consumption.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>10.37138/emirj.v34i3.733</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>ara</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية -قسنطينة</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Emirj/article/view/733/498</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180363">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180364">
                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية; مجلد 34 عدد 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1170-1188</text>
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                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير ; Vol. 34 No. 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1170-1188</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180366">
                <text>Emir University Journal; Vol. 34 No 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1170-1188</text>
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                <text>2588-204X</text>
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                <text>1112-4040</text>
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                <text>10.37138/emirj.v34i3</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>الحرية التعاقدية</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180371">
                <text>عيوب الرضا،</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180372">
                <text>التوازن العقدي</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180373">
                <text>عقد الاستهلاك</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180374">
                <text>: the contractual freedom</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180375">
                <text>Faults of satisfaction</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180376">
                <text>Contractual balance</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180377">
                <text>The contract of consumption</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180378">
                <text>نظرية عيوب الرضا وأثرها في حماية المستهلك</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180379">
                <text>The theory of defects of satisfaction and its impact on consumer protection</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180380">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180381">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180382">
                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>el mizan journal</text>
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                  <text>Articles</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>وشتاتي , حكيم</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180323">
                <text>2021-03-25</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>يعتبر الحق في الإعلام أمرًا ضروريًا ومفيدًا في عالم الأعمال، لكونه يدعم الثقة والشفافية والائتمان باعتبارها ركائز أساسية لا يمكن الاستغناء عنها في مجال المعاملات التجارية. ولتجسيد هذا الحق على أرض الواقع رتب المشرع على عاتق التجار التزامًا قانونيًا مفاده وجوب وضع معلومات معينة في متناول الجمهور حسب شكل معين وبأداة معينة وهو ما يعرف بـ: الشهر القانوني.
هذا الأخير (أي الشهر القانوني) الذي ينصب على جملة من المعلومات المفيدة للغير (منها ما يتعلق بحالة الأشخاص، ومنها ما يخص وضعيتهم المالية والمحاسبية، ومنها ما يتعلق بالتصرفات القانونية الصادرة عنهم)، تستخدم لتحقيقه وسائل وتقنيات مختلفة؛ كأسلوب الاطلاع المباشر، وطريقة الإعلانات القانونية لاسيما على مستوى النشرة الرسمية للإعلانات القانونية، وكذا أسلوب السجلات أو الملفات الشخصية.</text>
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                <text>The right to media is essential and beneficial in the business world, as it promotes trust, transparency and credit as essential and irreplaceable pillars in commercial transactions. To embody this right on the ground, the legislator has placed a legal obligation on the merchants to the effect that certain information must be made available to the public according to a specific form and a specific instrument, which is known as: the legal advertising.
The latter (i.e. the legal advertising), which focuses on a set of useful information for others (some of which relate to the situation of persons, including those regarding their financial and accounting status, and some that relate to legal acts issued by them), used to achieve it by various means and techniques, such as direct access method, and the method of Legal announcements, especially at the level of the official bulletin of legal announcements, as well as the style of records or personal files.</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180326">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Emirj/article/view/731</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180327">
                <text>10.37138/emirj.v34i3.731</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180328">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180329">
                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية -قسنطينة</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180330">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Emirj/article/view/731/497</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180331">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="180332">
                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية; مجلد 34 عدد 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1132-1169</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180333">
                <text>مجلة جامعة الأمير ; Vol. 34 No. 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1132-1169</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180334">
                <text>Emir University Journal; Vol. 34 No 3 (2020): v34i32020; 1132-1169</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180335">
                <text>2588-204X</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180336">
                <text>1112-4040</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180337">
                <text>10.37138/emirj.v34i3</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180338">
                <text>لشهر القانوني</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180339">
                <text>النشر</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180340">
                <text>الإعلام</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180341">
                <text>الإعلانات القانونية</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180342">
                <text>الاطلاع المباشر</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180343">
                <text>Legal advertising</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180344">
                <text>Publishing</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180345">
                <text>Media</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180346">
                <text>Legal announcements-</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180347">
                <text>Direct viewing</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>الشهر القانوني كأداة للإعلام في عالم الأعمال (نطاقه وطُرُقُه)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180349">
                <text>Legal advertising as a tool for the media in the business world (its field and methods)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180350">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="180351">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="180352">
                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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