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                  <text>المقالات</text>
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                <text>سالم , فتيحة</text>
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                <text>تستدعي السياقات السوسيو تاريخية للهوية خطابا فلسفيا جريئا، يطرح العديد من التساؤلات دون اختزال بعض المفاهيم والتصورات أو بمعزل عن الطرح الفلسفي الصارم والأصيل، لأنه وحده الكفيل للإجابة عن مصير هويتنا ،دون أن نمضي إلى السّبل المغلقة التي يسيّجها الفكر المنغلق بالانفعال الوجودي حول ذواتنا وذلك لأنّ&amp;nbsp; "الهوية هي ما نحن دون أي جهد خاص، في حين أنّ الذات هي ما نستطيع أن نكون ولكن لم نجرؤ بعد على الاطلاع به كأفق حر ووحيد لأنفسنا"[i]، وهذا الأفق الفلسفي هو&amp;nbsp; الرّحم الذي يتربى فيه معالم التحرّر البعيد عن كل اغتراب وجودي للهوية وعن كل إقصاء للخصوصية بمعالمها التاريخية والبعيد أيضا عن كل رؤية نرجسية تدفع الكيان البشري إلى متاهات التعصّب والانغلاق على الذات بالمعطيات الثقافية أو الدينية خاصة.</text>
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                <text>The socio-historical contexts of identity call for a bold philosophical discourse, through which it raises some questions without reducing some concepts and perceptions or in isolation from the strict. The socio-historical contexts of identity call for a bold philosophical discourse, through which it raises some questions without reducing some concepts and perceptions or in isolation from the strict and original philosophical proposition, because it alone can answer the fate of our identity, without going to the closed paths that are fenced by thought closed by existential emotion about ourselves. Because “the identity is what we are without any special effort, while self is what we can be, but we have not yet dared to view it as a free and only horizon for ourselves”. This philosophical horizon is the womb in which the features of liberation are raised far from every existential alienation of identity and from all the exclusion of privacy with its historical features and also far from every narcissistic vision that pushes the human being into the labyrinths of fanaticism and self-isolation with cultural or religious facts in particular.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/1786</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
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                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/1786/1492</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227760">
                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 23 عدد 1 (2023); 619-636</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227761">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023); 619-636</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227762">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No 1 (2023); 619-636</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227763">
                <text>1112-4350</text>
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                <text>2588-2406</text>
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                <text>10.59791/ihy.v23i1</text>
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                <text>الهوية</text>
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                <text>الخطاب الأيديولوجي</text>
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                <text>الخطاب الفلسفي</text>
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                <text>المرجعية</text>
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                <text>الفكر الغربي</text>
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                <text>الهوية الثقافية</text>
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                <text>identity</text>
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                <text>ideological discourse</text>
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                <text>philosophical discourse</text>
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                <text>reference</text>
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                <text>western thought</text>
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                <text>cultural identity</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>جدلية مفهوم الهوية بين السياقات السوسيو تاريخية والتوظيف الأيديولوجي</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227779">
                <text>The dialectic of the concept of identity between socio-historical contexts and ideological employment</text>
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                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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                  <text>المقالات</text>
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                  <text>المقالات</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227721">
                <text>النعيمي , عامر علي</text>
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                <text>2023-01-30</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>تهدف الدراسة لتسليط الضوء على الحضارة من حيث المفهوم والعناصر وفقاً لمنظريها، وسعياً لتحقيق ذلك اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج التاريخي والتحليلي والمُقارن. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن مفاهيم الحضارة متعددة إلا أنها تدور في فلك واحد، وأن اختلاف العناصر لقيام الحضارة تشابه لدى المنظرين المسلمين واختلف مع الغربيين في بعض النقاط.</text>
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                <text>The study aims to shed light on civilization in terms of concepts and elements according to its theorists, and to achieve this, the study relied on the historical, analytical, and comparative methods. The study concluded that the concepts of civilization are multiple, but they revolve in one orbit, and that the different elements for the establishment of civilization are like Muslim theorists and differ with Westerners on some points.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/1782</text>
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                <text>ara</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227727">
                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/1782/1480</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227729">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227730">
                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 23 عدد 1 (2023); 603-618</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227731">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023); 603-618</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227732">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No 1 (2023); 603-618</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227733">
                <text>1112-4350</text>
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                <text>2588-2406</text>
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                <text>10.59791/ihy.v23i1</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>الحضارة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227737">
                <text>الدورة الحضارية</text>
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                <text>الثقافة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227739">
                <text>ابن خلدون</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227740">
                <text>إدوارد تايلور</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227741">
                <text>Civilization</text>
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                <text>Civilization Cycle</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227743">
                <text>Culture</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227744">
                <text>Ibn Khaldun</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227745">
                <text>Edward Taylor</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227746">
                <text>مفهوم الحضارة وعناصر تكوينها (دراسة تحليلية ومُقارنة)</text>
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                <text>The concept of civilization and the elements of its formation (Analytical and comparative study)</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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                  <text>المقالات</text>
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                  <text>المقالات</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227694">
                <text>سراوي, فيصل</text>
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                <text>مناصرة, عزوز</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227696">
                <text>2023-01-30</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227697">
                <text>لقد اُستحدث في عصرنا الحاضر عقود مالية لها من خصائص التعقيد والتركيب والتكتيل ما لم يكن في العقود المتقدمة، فنتج عن ذلك تداخل في العقود وإشكالات في التعامل، مما استدعى إيجاد الحلول والمخارج من طرف الباحثين والهيئات المختصة؛ والتي منها&amp;nbsp; هيئة المحاسبة والمراجعة للمؤسسات المالية الإسلامية (أيوفي)، ولم يكن اجتهاد هؤلاء بمعزل عن الفقه القديم واجتهادات الأولين، فنجدهم قد استعملوا – مثلا – ما يعرف عند الفقهاء المتقدمين بالتخارج، وقد أراد الباحث في هذا المقال تفصيل الكلام وكشف اللثام عن هذا المثال؛ تحت عنوان: "التخارج وتطبيقاته المعاصرة في ضوء المعايير الشرعية لهيئة أيوفي"، وذلك من خلال مبحثين اثنين؛ أما المبحث الأول فقد اشتمل على التعريف بهيئة أيوفي ومعاييرها الشرعية، باعتبارها مستند الدراسة، مع بيان لحقيقة التخارج من خلال تجلية مفهومه وذكر مشروعيته وأهميته والألفاظ ذات الصلة به، ومن ثمة الوصول إلى تكييفه الفقهي، وأما المبحث الثاني فوقف الباحث فيه على التطبيقات المعاصرة للتخارج ومجلات توظيفه ضمن العقود المالية المستجدة، وبالاستناد إلى المعايير الشرعية لهيئة أيوفي تم استخراج واستخلاص أهم الأحكام الفقهية لعقد التخارج، والكشف عن الضوابط والمبادئ الحاكمة له.</text>
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                <text>In our time ,financial contracts have been developed that have the characteristics of complexity, composition and agglomeration, unless it was in the advanced contracts. This resulted in an overlap in contracts and problems in dealing, which necessitated finding solutions and exits. By researchers and competent bodies; Including the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) ,and the jurisprudence of these was not in isolation from the old jurisprudence and the jurisprudence of the early ones . example; Under the title: " Exclusion and its Contemporary Applications in the Light of AAOIFI's Shari'a Standards," through two topics; As for the first topic, it included the definition of AAOIFI and its legal standards, as it is the study document, with a statement of the reality of exit through the manifestation of its concept, and stated its legitimacy, importance and related words, and then access to its jurisprudential adaptation. As for the second topic, the researcher focused on contemporary applications of exit. And the magazines of its employment within the emerging financial contracts, and based on the Sharia standards of AAOIFI, the most important jurisprudential provisions of the exit contract were extracted, and the controls and principles governing it were revealed.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227699">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/1781</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227700">
                <text>ara</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227701">
                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
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                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 23 عدد 1 (2023); 585-602</text>
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                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023); 585-602</text>
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                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No 1 (2023); 585-602</text>
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                <text>10.59791/ihy.v23i1</text>
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                <text>هيئة أيوفي</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227711">
                <text>المعايير الشرعية</text>
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                <text>التخارج</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227713">
                <text>AAOIFI</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227714">
                <text>Sharia standards</text>
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                <text>exit</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227716">
                <text>التخارج وتطبيقاته المعاصرة في ضوء المعايير الشرعية لهيئة أيوفي</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227717">
                <text>Exit and its contemporary applications in light of AAOIFI’s Sharia standards</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227719">
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                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>المقالات</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="218217">
                  <text>المقالات</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227665">
                <text>بن لعيرم, بشير</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227666">
                <text>العرفي, كمال</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227667">
                <text>2023-01-30</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227668">
                <text>تناولت هذه المقالة العلمية تحديد الدلائل الشّرعية والقانونية للكرامة الإنسانية والأمن الإنساني، وتكمن الإشكالية الرئيسية للدّراسة في بَيان موقف الفقه الإسلامي والقانون الدولي من مبدأ الكرامة الإنسانية والأمن الإنساني؛ وتِبيان علاقة التأثير والتأثر بين مقتضياتهما، وتنبع أهداف البحث في دراسة وتوضيح ماهية الكرامة الإنسانية العالمية كقاسم مشترك بين جميع أفراد الأمّة الإنسانية، وأهمّ مقاصده وآثاره في تحقيق الأمن الإنساني لجميع الأفراد.
واستعان الباحث بالمنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي المقارن بُغية التأصيل الشّرعي والقانوني للمسائل والأحكام ذات الصلة؛ وكذا التقعيد لنظرة شرعية وقانونية تخدم المصلحة الإنسانية المشتركة؛ وابتغاء استخلاص النتائج المناسبة لها والوصول بها إلى مرافئها المرجوة وآمالها المنشودة؛ والتي تتمثل في اقرار الفقه الإسلامي والقانون الدولي لمشمولات الكرامة الإنسانية وأبعاد الأمن الإنساني؛ مع أفضلية السبق والعمق للفقه الإسلامي.
وأمّا أهمّ ما اقترحته الدّراسة فتمثّل في ضرورة سعي المجتمع الدولي لحماية الأبعاد المشتركة للأمن الجماعي المشترك؛ وتحصين مقتضيات منظومته بحصانة دائمة في حالات السلم والحرب.</text>
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                <text>This Scientific Article dealt with the identification of&amp;nbsp; legitimate and legal evidence of human dignity and human security, and the main problem of the study lies in the statement of the position of Islamic jurisprudence and international law on the principle of human dignity and human security; and to show the relationship of influence and influence between their requirements, and the objectives of the research stem from the study and clarification of what universal human dignity is as a common denominator among all members of the human nation, and its most important purposes and effects in achieving human security for all individuals.
The researcher used the comparative analytical inductive approach in order to establish the legal and legal rooting of the relevant issues and provisions, as well as to revise a legitimate and legal view that serves the common human interest, and in order to draw appropriate conclusions and reach them to their desired ports and hopes, which are represented in the approval of Islamic jurisprudence and international law for the implications of human dignity and the dimensions of human security, with the preference of precedence and depth of Islamic jurisprudence.
The most important proposal of the study was the need for the international community to seek to protect the common dimensions of common collective security and to fortify the requirements of its system with permanent immunity in situations of peace and war.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/1779</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227671">
                <text>ara</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227672">
                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227673">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/1779/1477</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227674">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227675">
                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 23 عدد 1 (2023); 561-584</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227676">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023); 561-584</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227677">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No 1 (2023); 561-584</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227678">
                <text>1112-4350</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227679">
                <text>2588-2406</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227680">
                <text>10.59791/ihy.v23i1</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227681">
                <text>الكرامة الإنسانية</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227682">
                <text>الأمن الإنساني</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227683">
                <text>الأمن الشخصي</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227684">
                <text>الأمن الاقتصادي</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227685">
                <text>human dignity</text>
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                <text>human security</text>
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                <text>personal security</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227688">
                <text>economic security</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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              <elementText elementTextId="227689">
                <text>مبدأ الكرامة الإنسانية وأثره في الأمن الإنساني</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227690">
                <text>The Principle of human dignity and its impact on human security</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227691">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227692">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227693">
                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="67954">
                  <text>المقالات</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="218217">
                  <text>المقالات</text>
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      </elementSetContainer>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227635">
                <text>مذكور , الخامسة</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227636">
                <text>2023-01-30</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227637">
                <text>اعتمدت الجزائر في حماية الحقوق السياسية للمرأة وترقيتها، على آليات قانونية ومؤسساتية، كما عملت على تطوير هذه الآليات، وإزالة المعوقات، من أجل السماح للمرأة بتولي المناصب العليا في البلاد، من خلال توسيع حظوظ ها في المجالس المنتخبة، إيمانا منها بأن تحقيق المشاركة السياسية للمرأة هو تجسيد للديمقراطية، ووسيلة للقضاء على كل شكل من أشكال التمييز ضدها، وبالتالي تحقيق العدالة الاجتماعية من خلال التمثيل السياسي الحقيقي لكل فئات المجتمع.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227638">
                <text>In protecting and promoting women's political rights, Algeria relied on legal and institutional mechanisms, and it also worked to develop these mechanisms and remove obstacles, in order to allow women to assume high positions in the country, by expanding women's chances in elected councils, in the belief that achieving women's political participation It is the embodiment of democracy, and a means to eliminate all forms of discrimination against it, and thus achieve social justice through true political representation of all segments of society.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227639">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/1777</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227640">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227641">
                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227642">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/1777/1476</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227643">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227644">
                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 23 عدد 1 (2023); 551-560</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227645">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023); 551-560</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227646">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No 1 (2023); 551-560</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227647">
                <text>1112-4350</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227648">
                <text>2588-2406</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227649">
                <text>10.59791/ihy.v23i1</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227650">
                <text>الحقوق السياسية</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227651">
                <text>الانتخاب</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227652">
                <text>الترشح</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227653">
                <text>المناصب العليا</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227654">
                <text>الديمقراطية</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227655">
                <text>Political rights</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227656">
                <text>elections</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227657">
                <text>candidacy</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227658">
                <text>high positions</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227659">
                <text>democracy</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227660">
                <text>الحماية القانونية لحقوق المرأة السياسية في ظل التشريعات الوطنية</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227661">
                <text>Legal protection of women's political rights under national legislation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227662">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227663">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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                  <text>المقالات</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227607">
                <text>بوعشرين, فاتح</text>
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                <text>العايب, محمد</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227609">
                <text>2023-01-30</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>جاءت أحكام الشريعة الإسلامية حافظة لحقوق الإنسان جميعها، كيف لا وهي الرسالة العالمية الخاتمة لكل الرسالات، لذا فهي مصححة ومكملة ومجددة تسعى إلى كل ما يُحقق سعادة الإنسان دنيا وأخرى، ومن جملة الحقوق المكفولة شرعا؛ حق الفرد في حياة خاصة به يعيشها بعيدا عن أعين الناس، لا يرضى أن يطلع عليها غيره تحفظ كرامته وتصون عرضه، ولأن مظاهر حق الخصوصية عديدة؛ جاءت هذه الورقة لتسلط الضوء على حق المراسلات، مع بيان الكيفية التي حفظت بها الشريعة الإسلامية هذا الحق المهم.
الكلمات المفتاحية: حق الخصوصية؛ سرية المراسلات؛ الحماية؛ الحياة الخاصة.</text>
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                <text>The provisions of Islamic Sharia came as a preservative of all human rights; how is it not? It is the universal message that is the finale of all messages. Therefore, it is corrected complementary and renewed.
It seeks to achieve everything that achieves human happiness in this world and the day after, among the rights guaranteed by Sharia. The right of the individual to a life of his own where he lives far from the eyes of people, and he does not accept that others see it in order to preserve his dignity and preserve his honor.
Because the manifestations of the right to privacy are numerous, this paper came to shed light on the right of correspondence, with an explanation of how the Islamic Sharia has preserved this important right.</text>
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                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
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                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 23 عدد 1 (2023); 539-550</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227618">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023); 539-550</text>
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                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No 1 (2023); 539-550</text>
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                <text>1112-4350</text>
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                <text>2588-2406</text>
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                <text>10.59791/ihy.v23i1</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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                <text>حق الخصوصية</text>
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                <text>سرية المراسلات</text>
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                <text>الحماية</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227626">
                <text>الحياة الخاصة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227627">
                <text>the right of privacy</text>
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                <text>confidentiality of correspondence</text>
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                <text>protection</text>
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                <text>حماية الشريعة الإسلامية لحق الخصوصية حق سرية المراسلات أنموذجا</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227631">
                <text>Protection of Islamic law to the right of privacy The right to the confidentiality of correspondence as an example</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227576">
                <text>براهيمي, جمعة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227577">
                <text>ردّاد, عبد الرحمن</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>غني عن البيان أن ظاهرة تجنيد الأطفال وإشراكهم في النّزاعات المسلحة من الموضوعات الأساسية التي استقطبت اهتمام المجتمع الدولي وأثارت مخاوفه، ذلك أن الطفولة أولى مراحل الحياة فيها يتم تكوين الفرد وإعداده لتحمل المسؤولية، ونظرا لخطورة هذه الظاهرة فقد حظي هذا المخلوق الضعيف بالرعاية والاهتمام من طرف المجتمع الدولي الذي أرسى قواعد هامة لحماية الطفل وحظَر تجنيده في صفوف المقاتلين، كما حظي برعاية الفقه الإسلامي الذي كانت له الأسبقية في وضع أحكام ومبادئ ثابتة منذ أكثر من أربعة عشر قرنا من الزمن لحمايته، ومنع اشتراكه في القتال قبل بلوغه.</text>
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                <text>It goes without saying that the phenomenon of child recruitment in armed conflicts, both international and non-international, is one of the main issues that attracted the attention of the international community and raised its concerns, as childhood is the first stage of life in which the individual is formed and prepared to assume responsibility, and given the seriousness of this phenomenon, this weak creature has received care and attention from the community. The internationalist who established rules to protect the child and prohibited his recruitment into the ranks of the fighters, as well as the sponsorship of Islamic jurisprudence, which had a precedence in establishing established rulings and principles for more than fourteen centuries to protect him even before his birth and prohibit his participation in fighting before puberty</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227581">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227583">
                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227585">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227586">
                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 23 عدد 1 (2023); 519-538</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227587">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023); 519-538</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227588">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No 1 (2023); 519-538</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227589">
                <text>1112-4350</text>
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                <text>2588-2406</text>
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                <text>10.59791/ihy.v23i1</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227592">
                <text>الأطفال</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227593">
                <text>الحماية من التجنيد</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227594">
                <text>النزاعات المسلحة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227595">
                <text>الفقه الإسلامي</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227596">
                <text>القانون الدولي الإنساني</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227597">
                <text>children</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227598">
                <text>Protection from recruitment</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227599">
                <text>armed conflict</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227600">
                <text>Islamic jurisprudence</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227601">
                <text>International humanitarian law</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227602">
                <text>حماية الأطفال من التجنيد في النزاعات المسلحة في ضوء أحكام الفقه الإسلامي وقواعد القانون الدولي الإنساني</text>
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                <text>Protecting children from recruitment in armed conflicts in light of the provisions of Islamic jurisprudence and the rules of international humanitarian law</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227550">
                <text>بويلي, سكينة</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2023-01-30</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>يعتبر المنتوج المحلي الدّعامة الأساسيّة للاقتصاد، ففي ظل سياسة الاستحواذ على الأسواق من خلال طرح منتجات تنافسيّة وآليات استقطاب المستهلك فإنّ المنتج المحلي يحتاج إلى الدعم ليكون قادرا على المنافسة في الأسواق الدّاخلية والخارجية. وباعتباره محور العملية الإنتاجية والتسويقية سعت المصارف الإسلامية لتشجيعه على استهلاك المنتج المحلي من خلال التّمويل الاستهلاكي. واعتمد مصرف السّلام بالجزائر صيغة البيع بالتقسيط لتحقيق ذلك من خلال سلع محدّدة وهي: السّيارات والأجهزة الكهرو منزلية والدّراجات النارية.</text>
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                <text>The local product is the mainstay of the economy. Under market acquisition policy through the introduction of competitive products and consumer polarization mechanisms. The domestic product needs support to be competitive in internal and external markets. As the focus of the production and marketing process, Islamic banks sought to encourage it through consumer finance. The Salam Bank of Algeria adopts an instalment sale formula to achieve this through specific goods: namely cars, electrical appliances and motorcycles.</text>
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                <text>ara</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
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                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/1773/1471</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227558">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227559">
                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 23 عدد 1 (2023); 501-518</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227560">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023); 501-518</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227561">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No 1 (2023); 501-518</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227562">
                <text>1112-4350</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227563">
                <text>2588-2406</text>
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                <text>10.59791/ihy.v23i1</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227565">
                <text>التمويل الاستهلاكي</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227566">
                <text>المنتج المحلي</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227567">
                <text>مصرف السلام</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227568">
                <text>Consumer Finance</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227569">
                <text>Local Product</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227570">
                <text>Salem Bank</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>دور المصارف الإسلاميّة في تشجيع استهلاك المنتج المحلي من خلال التّمويل الاستهلاكي -مصرف السلام نموذجا-</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227572">
                <text>The Role of Islamic Banks in Encouraging the Consumption of Local Products through Consumer Finance-Al Salam Bank as a Model-</text>
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                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227523">
                <text>خبزاوي, يوسف</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227524">
                <text>زايدي, كريم</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227525">
                <text>2023-01-30</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227526">
                <text>يعتبر بيع السلم من أهم الصيغ التمويلية التي تمارسها المصارف الإسلامية من أجل تحقيق تنمية اقتصادية مستدامة. ومن أبرز القطاعات التي استهدفها التمويل الإسلامي عن طريق عقد السلم وغيره من الصيغ التمويلية هي المؤسسات الصغيرة والمتوسطة، لما لهذه الأخيرة من دور محوري في التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية وتعويض الاقتصاد الريعي الذي يعتمد على قطاع المحروقات بالدرجة الأولى؛ ولهذا جاءت هذه الورقة البحثية لتسليط الضوء على دور عقد السلم في تمويل المؤسسات الصغيرة والمتوسطة، وذلك ببيان الحقيقة الشرعية لعقد السلم، وميزاته وخصائصه الاقتصادية، مع بيان حقيقة التمويل الإسلامي، وماهية المؤسسات الصغيرة والمتوسطة، ثمّ عرض مجالات تطبيق السلم كصيغة تمويل للمؤسسات الصغيرة والمتوسطة.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227527">
                <text>The sale of peace is one of the most important financing formulas practiced by Islamic banks for sustainable economic development, and one of the most prominent sectors targeted by Islamic finance through peace and other financing formulas is small and medium-sized enterprises, because of the latter's pivotal role in economic and social development and compensation for the rentier economy, which depends primarily on the hydrocarbon sector; Peace in the financing of small and medium enterprises, by demonstrating the legitimate truth of peace, its economic advantages and characteristics, while demonstrating the reality of Islamic finance, and what SMEs are, and then presenting the areas of peace application as a financing formula for small and medium enterprises.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227528">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/1772</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227529">
                <text>ara</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227530">
                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227531">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/1772/1470</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227532">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227533">
                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 23 عدد 1 (2023); 481-500</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227534">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023); 481-500</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227535">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No 1 (2023); 481-500</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227536">
                <text>1112-4350</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227537">
                <text>2588-2406</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227538">
                <text>10.59791/ihy.v23i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227539">
                <text>عقد السلم</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227540">
                <text>التمويل الإسلامي</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227541">
                <text>المؤسسات الصغيرة والمتوسطة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227542">
                <text>Peace Contract</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227543">
                <text>Islamic Finance</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227544">
                <text>small and medium enterprises</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227545">
                <text>عقد السلم ودوره في تمويل المؤسسات الصغيرة والمتوسطة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227546">
                <text>Peace contract and its role in financing for small and medium enterprises</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227547">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227548">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227549">
                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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    <collection collectionId="36">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="67954">
                  <text>المقالات</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="218217">
                  <text>المقالات</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227493">
                <text>قروف, الهاشمي</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227494">
                <text>2023-01-30</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227495">
                <text>شكلت أحداث نصارى قرطبة في القرن الثالث الهجري التي تتداولها الرواية النصرانية وتغيب تقريبا في المصادر الإسلامية، تحديا خطيرا لقيم التعايش في مجتمع الأندلس، حيث كانوا يقدمون على الإساءة إلى النبي الكريم عليه الصلاة والسلام أمام الملأ مما حدا بالسلطة القضائية إلى ردعهم من خلال القضاء بإعدامهم حفاظا على السلم الداخلي. وصارت تلك الأحداث ملهمة للنصارى عبر القرون لتغذية المخيال الغربي عموما بصور نمطية حول الرموز الإسلامية، بما في ذلك تلك الإساءات للذات النبوية التي احتضنها الإعلام الغربي قبل عقد ونصف من اليوم. ومن ثم فإن هذه الدراسة تحاول لفت النظر مرة أخرى وبصورة علمية إلى تلك الأحداث ومسارات أبعادها لاستبيان الرؤية الصحيحة حول حقيقتها وموقف الغرب الأيديولوجي منها والذي قد لا يزال يتغذى منها.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227496">
                <text>The events of the Christians of Cordoba in the third century AH, which are circulated in the Christian narrative and are almost absent in Islamic sources, constituted a serious challenge to the values ​​of coexistence in Andalusian society, as they used to offend the Holy Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, in public, which prompted the judicial authority to deter them by executing them in order to preserve on the inner ladder. And these events became an inspiration for Christians over the centuries to feed the Western imagination in general with stereotypes about Islamic symbols, including those abuses of the prophetic self that Western media embraced a decade and a half ago today. Hence, this study attempts to draw attention once again, in a scientific way, to those events and the paths of their dimensions, in order to clarify the correct vision of their reality and the West's ideological position on them, which may still feed on them.</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227497">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/1740</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227498">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227499">
                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227500">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/1740/1443</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227501">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227502">
                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 23 عدد 1 (2023); 467-480</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227503">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023); 467-480</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227504">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 23 No 1 (2023); 467-480</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227505">
                <text>1112-4350</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227506">
                <text>2588-2406</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227507">
                <text>10.59791/ihy.v23i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227508">
                <text>التعايش</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227509">
                <text>الأندلس</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227510">
                <text>الفتنة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227511">
                <text>قرطبة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227512">
                <text>النصارى</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227513">
                <text>coexistence</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227514">
                <text>Andalus</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227515">
                <text>sedition</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227516">
                <text>Cordoba</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227517">
                <text>Christians</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227518">
                <text>مهددات التعايش بين المسلمين والنصارى في المجتمع الأندلسي: الأسباب التاريخية والموضوعية والآثار المعاصرة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227519">
                <text>Threats to coexistence between Muslims and Christians in Andalusian society: historical and objective causes and contemporary implications</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227520">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="227521">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="227522">
                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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