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                <text>الطيب, زبيدة</text>
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                <text>Namoune, Abdelhadi</text>
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                <text>Taleb, Rachid</text>
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                <text>محمد أسد (Leopold Weiss ) من مفكري الإسلام البارزين في العصر الحديث ، ولد سنة 1900 وتوفي في العام 1992، والمقال الذي بين أيدينا؛ يهدف إلى محاولة اكتشاف فكر هذا الرجل الذي أسلم، وكان البحث عن رؤية كونية جديدة؛ تلبي فضوله المعرفي أحد أهم دوافع إسلامه. غير أن المسألة، بعد ذلك، تجاوزت مجرد الإشباع المعرفي، وباتت مسألة النهوض بالأمة الإسلامية تشكل الهم الوحيد؛ الذي كرس له حياته وجهده الفكري، والمحور الرئيس في مشروعه الفكري والعنصر الأساسي؛ الذي تدور حوله جل أفكاره وكتاباته وحواراته. والقارئ لأفكار ومنجزات أسد الفكرية؛ يلحظ أنها تتوزع بين رؤية نقدية؛ تضمنت نقد الحضارة الغربية ونقد واقع المسلمين وتاريخهم. ورؤية بنائية تضمنت بيان المنهج الإسلامي، وموقفه من تطبيق الشريعة ومسألة الدولة الإسلامية. وهو ما سنقف عليه من خلال منهج استقرائي تحليلي.</text>
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                <text>&amp;nbsp;Muhammad Asad (Leopold Weiss) is one of the prominent thinkers of Islam in the modern era. He was born in the year 1900 and died in 1992. This article aims to discover his thought, and his search for a new worldview that meets his knowledge curiosity. However, the issue went beyond mere knowledge saturation, and the advancement of the Islamic nation became the only concern. Who devoted his life and his intellectual effort, and the main element around which most of his thoughts, writings and dialogues revolve. the reader of Assad’s intellectual ideas and achievements; noted that it is divided between critical vision; It included criticism of Western civilization and criticism of the reality of Muslims and their history. And a constructive vision that included a statement of the Islamic curriculum, its position on the application of Sharia and the issue of the Islamic state</text>
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                <text>In this paper, we discuss the design and modelling of a spiral inductor with silicon substrate. The equivalent electrical model approved of the integrated spiral inductor acquires into account the inductance and quality factor. The performance of the inductance and quality factor values is supported on the mathematical study of the effect geometrical elements on the spiral inductor. The results simulation based on the MATLAB software. Finally, is discussing after simulation about the integrated spiral inductor into a DC-DC converter by PSIM 6.0.</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1182</text>
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                <text>10.37138/jarh.v14i1.1182</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/29</text>
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                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i1.29</text>
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                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
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                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/29/1065</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257780">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 14 عدد 1 (2022): v14i12022; 64-86</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022): v14i12022; 64-86</text>
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                <text>2588-2449</text>
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                <text>10.37138/jarh.v14i1</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 05 – 19</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No 1 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 05 – 19</text>
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                <text>2716-8247</text>
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                <text>1112-2242</text>
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                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i1</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="118991">
                <text>Muhammad Assad</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="118992">
                <text>material thought</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="118993">
                <text>The Islamic State</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="118994">
                <text>Ethics</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="118995">
                <text>Orientalism</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="118996">
                <text>محمد أسد</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="118997">
                <text>الدولة الإسلامية</text>
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                <text>الأخلاق</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="118999">
                <text>الاستشراق</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119000">
                <text>الحضارة الغربية</text>
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                <text>Buck converter</text>
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                <text>Integration</text>
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                <text>Spiral inductor</text>
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                <text>Geometric parameters</text>
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                <text>Substrate</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>المشروع الفكري لمحمد أسد</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119002">
                <text>The intellectual project of Muhammad Asad</text>
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                <text>Integrated spiral inductor with substrate silicon in a buck  converter</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119005">
                <text>مداسي, حسان</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257795">
                <text>Tchoketch_Kebir, Selma</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119006">
                <text>2021-12-30</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257796">
                <text>2023-10-08</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>يتناول هذا البحث موضوع دور المتخصصين في علوم المكتبات والمعلومات في تطوير وترقية مهنة الأرشيف، بالنظر لرصيدهم العلمي والمهني متمثلا في: التكوين الجامعي، تربص شهادة الليسانس، فضلا عن خبراتهم المهنية ومهاراتهم الذاتية وتشبعهم بالوعي وروح المبادرة، خاصة في ظل بيئة عمل تكتنفها العديد من التحديات المتنوعة الأوجه، من هنا تبرز أهمية الموضوع من خلال إثبات أخصائيي المكتبات والمعلومات وجودهم بالكفاءة الذاتية، والأعمال المنجزة في الميدان، ومدى قدرتهم على التكيف مع واقع المهنة الأرشيفية. يحاول هذا البحث من خلال دراسة حالة مصلحة أرشيف جامعة الإخوة منتوري قسنطينة، تسليط الضوء على منجزات أخصائيي الأرشيف والخطط المستقبلية لتطوير هذه المصلحة رغم وجود جملة من المشكلات والصعوبات، ليخلص إلى بعض الاقتراحات التي من شأنها أن تساهم في تطوير وترقية المهنة الأرشيفية.</text>
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                <text>This research deals with the topic of the role of specialists in library and information sciences in developing and promoting the archive profession, In view of their academic and professional achievements, represented in: university training, Bachelor's degree training, As well as their professional experiences, self-skills, awareness and initiative, Especially in light of a work environment fraught with many diverse facets, From here, the importance of the subject emerges, through the evidence of library and information specialists having self-efficacy, The work carried out in the field, And their ability to adapt to the reality of the archival profession. This research attempts through a case study of the archives of the Mentouri Brothers University of Constantine, Shedding light on the achievements of archive specialists and future plans for the development of this department, despite the existence of a number of problems and difficulties, To conclude with some suggestions that would contribute to the development and promotion of the archival profession.</text>
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                <text>This paper presents a summary and comparative study of methods used for getting electrical unknown parameters of photovoltaic cells/panels. The exact parameters values are essential for precise mathematical modeling, simulation, and control of the photovoltaic generation systems. The many different methods are presented, discussed, and classified (general, analytical, numerical, optimization, adaptive). For comparison purposes, for each category of classification, a comparison among the best ones of them is done. An evaluation is elaborated based on the several chosen objectives function existing for the optimization-based approach. Besides, the performance of each used method is analyzed in relations of some norms: accuracy, ease of implementation, speed of convergence, computational complexity and quality of the obtained results. An effective evaluation under various climatic conditions, for diverse technologies materials, and for different manufacturers was discussed. Some statistical analysis is used to choose the best precise quality of the fitting curves to the real data. Some critical analysis is done with some evaluations, which serve to elaborate on this survey and synthesis study, which will be useful for researchers in the photovoltaic topic.</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1185</text>
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                <text>10.37138/jarh.v14i1.1185</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/30</text>
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                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i1.30</text>
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                <text>ara</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119012">
                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257802">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1185/753</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257803">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/30/1066</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119014">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257804">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257805">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119015">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 14 عدد 1 (2022): v14i12022; 87-113</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119016">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 14 No 1 (2022): v14i12022; 87-113</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119017">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022): v14i12022; 87-113</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119018">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119019">
                <text>1112-4628</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119020">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v14i1</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257806">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 20 – 40</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257807">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No 1 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 20 – 40</text>
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                <text>2716-8247</text>
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                <text>1112-2242</text>
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                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i1</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119021">
                <text>Library and information specialist</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119022">
                <text>archival profession</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119023">
                <text>training</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119024">
                <text>skills</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119025">
                <text>; Archives service</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119026">
                <text>University of Brothers Mentouri</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119027">
                <text>Constantine</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119028">
                <text>أخصائي المكتبات والمعلومات</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119029">
                <text>المهنة الأرشيفية</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119030">
                <text>التكوين</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119031">
                <text>المهارات</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119032">
                <text>مصلحة الأرشيف</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119033">
                <text>جامعة الإخوة منتوري</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119034">
                <text>قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257811">
                <text>Photovoltaic</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257812">
                <text>Modeling</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257813">
                <text>I–V Curves</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257814">
                <text>Manufacturer’s Datasheet</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257815">
                <text>Parameters’ Determination</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257816">
                <text>Identification</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257817">
                <text>Optimization</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119035">
                <text>أخصائيو المكتبات والمعلومات ودورهم في ترقية المهنة الأرشيفية: دراسة ميدانية بمصلحة أرشيف جامعة الإخوة منتوري قسنطينة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119036">
                <text>Library and information specialists and their role in promoting the archival profession: a field study in the service of the archives of the University of the Brothers Mentouri Constantine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257818">
                <text>A summary of methods to get parameters values of photovoltaic  cells/panels</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119037">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119038">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257819">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257820">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="257798">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115958">
                  <text>Short Communication</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="255275">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119039">
                <text>لزرق, لخضر</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257821">
                <text>Hami, Khelifa</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257822">
                <text>Talhi, Abdelkrim</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257823">
                <text>Draoui, Belkacem</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119040">
                <text>2021-08-03</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257824">
                <text>2023-10-08</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119041">
                <text>قرينة السّياق؛ تعدُّ من الدّلالات؛ التي يعوّل عليها الليسانيُّون في اكتناه النّصوص وفهمها، وعليها عوّل أيضا أهلُ التفسير من الفقهاء، والمحدّثين، لكنّ الإشكال الذي يمكن أن يكون عائقا في الوصول إلى دلالات بعض الأحاديث النبوية، هو ذلك التعارض؛ الذي يبرز أحيانا بين دلالة السياق ومدلول سبب ورود الأحاديث، تارة في تعارض العموم والخصوص، وأخرى بين الإطلاق والتقييد. وهذا البحث؛ جاء ليبين أهمية مراعاة السياق في الوقوف على دلالات الأحاديث، وتقديمه على سبب الورود عند التعارض، بحسب كل مسألة بعينها، مع ذكر بعض الأمثلة المبينة لذلك.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119042">
                <text>The context presumption has a reliable significance for linguists when their purpose is to get an insight into a text and to comprehend it. It’s also reliable for the Hadeeth interpretersand savants. But, the problem that may impedes us to achieve the real meaning of some of the prophet’s “PBUH” Hadeeths is the incompatibility between the contextual significance and the reason that made the prophet “PBUH” tell this Hadeeth, the incompatibility may come in generalizing/specifying, or in release/restriction. This search came to show the importance of considering the context to understand the Hadeeth,and to provide this evidence on the reason behind the Hadeeth, according to each particular case, with some examples cited.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257825">
                <text>The present work has been conducted with the aim of contribution to the study of heat transfer phenomena in an air solar collector, which deal with transient heat transfer properties and mechanisms.The improvement of heat transfer in the studied system is characterized by the development of the flow between the absorption of cold air and the evacuation of hot air.The equations, which govern the problem dealt with, are those of turbulent and incompressible flows written in Reynolds decomposition for velocity, pressure and temperature, in a mean component and a term of fluctuation, and expressing the conservation of the mass, of the amount of movement and energy.To close the set of transport equations, the turbulence model k-E was used. We will therefore use this model of turbulence with an improved treatment of wall laws (Enhanced wall treatment), with the intention of solving the laminar sub-layer. The simulation results obtained are valid for temperature values between (30 °C - 50 °C) for heating flows between (200 w / m2 - 800 w / m2), the average volume flow obtained is equal to: 0.3 m3/s. These results are essential for the passive heating of buildings and the drying of agrifood products.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119043">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1186</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119044">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v13i1.1186</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257827">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/32</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257828">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i1.32</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119045">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257829">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119046">
                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257830">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119047">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1186/754</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257831">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/32/1067</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119048">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257832">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257833">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119049">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 13 عدد 1 (2021): v13i12021; 1-17</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119050">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 13 No 1 (2021): v13i12021; 1-17</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119051">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021): v13i12021; 1-17</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119052">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119053">
                <text>1112-4628</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119054">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v13i1</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257834">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 41 – 58</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257835">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No 1 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 41 – 58</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257836">
                <text>2716-8247</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257837">
                <text>1112-2242</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257838">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119055">
                <text>الاعتبار</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119056">
                <text>الدلالة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119057">
                <text>السياق</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119058">
                <text>الحديث</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119059">
                <text>سبب</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257839">
                <text>Solar energy</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257840">
                <text>Solar collector</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257841">
                <text>Convection</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257842">
                <text>Turbulence flows</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119060">
                <text>اعتبار دلالة السّياق في تفسير النّص النبوي، وتقديمها على سبب الورود عند التعارض</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257843">
                <text>Numerical approach of a fully developed flow in a solar collector  adapted to the climate of southwest Algeria</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119061">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119062">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257844">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257845">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="257826">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="5020" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="45">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115958">
                  <text>Short Communication</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="255275">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119063">
                <text>مزعاش, مراد</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257846">
                <text>Hassan Ali , Mohamed</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257847">
                <text>Haddad , Sofiane</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119064">
                <text>2021-08-03</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257848">
                <text>2023-10-08</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119065">
                <text>تتناول هذه الدّراسة قصيدة اليوسفية في النّحو لابن النّحوي التّوزري القلعي بالدّراسة والتّحليل، من خلال التّعريف بصاحبها، ثم التّعريف بها من حيث تسميتها ونسبتها إلى ابن النّحوي، ومن حيث مخطوطاتها والشّروح التي أقيمت حولها، وبيان منهج صاحبها في عرض القضايا النّحوية التي أوردها، ثم إبراز أهم اعتراضات الباحثين والدّارسين التي سجلت حول ما ورد فيها من مسائل، ثم الوصول إلى الخلاصة والنّتائج التي توصلت إليها الدّراسة.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119066">
                <text>This study deals with the poem of Al-Youssoufia in grammar by Ibn nahwi Al-Tawzari Al-Qalai through study and analysis, by introducing its owner, then defining it in terms of its naming and attributing it to Ibn al-Nahawi, in terms of its manuscripts and the explanations about it, and a statement of its author's approach to presenting the grammatical issues that he mentioned, then highlighting The most important objections of researchers and scholars that were recorded about the issues mentioned therein, then reaching the conclusion and conclusions reached by the study. Key words: Ibn Nahwi the Youssoufia poem, the syntax, the method, the objections.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257849">
                <text>Cet article propose une stratégie de couplage entre deux processus, le pronostic et le diagnostic, basée sur le modèle OSA-CBM et appliquée au cas des générateurs photovoltaïques. Dans un premier temps, les principales méthodes de couplage : Watch Dog, PEDS, SIMP et OSA-CBM sont décrites. Puis, les avantages de la stratégie OSA-CBM en particulier ses sept couches spécialisées permettant l'interopérabilité des processus sont mis en avant. Suivant cette architecture, un système de monitoring fournissant les indicateurs de performance des GPV est mis en œuvre et les résultats sont utilisés pour l'aide à la prise de décision de maintenance. Enfin, l'évolution de l'indicateur de dégradation CPR et surtout de son taux de réduction (Rd), est utilisée pour le contrôle du couplage entre les processus. Cette approche est validée en utilisant des données expérimentales issues de quatre installations photovoltaïques (projet IEA PVPS Task13).</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119067">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1188</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119068">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v13i1.1188</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257851">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/33</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257852">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i1.33</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119069">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257853">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119070">
                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257854">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119071">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1188/755</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257855">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/33/1111</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119072">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257856">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257857">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119073">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 13 عدد 1 (2021): v13i12021; 18-35</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119074">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 13 No 1 (2021): v13i12021; 18-35</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119075">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021): v13i12021; 18-35</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119076">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119077">
                <text>1112-4628</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119078">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v13i1</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257858">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 59 – 71</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257859">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No 1 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 59 – 71</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257860">
                <text>2716-8247</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257861">
                <text>1112-2242</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257862">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119079">
                <text>Ibn Nahwi</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119080">
                <text>the Youssoufia poem</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119081">
                <text>the syntax</text>
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                <text>the method,</text>
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                <text>the objections</text>
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                <text>ابن النحوي</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119085">
                <text>القصيدة اليوسفية</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119086">
                <text>النحو</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119087">
                <text>المنهج</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119088">
                <text>الاعتراضات</text>
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                <text>OSA-CBM</text>
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                <text>Couplage</text>
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                <text>Diagnostic</text>
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                <text>CPR</text>
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                <text>GPV</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>المنظومة النّحوية (اليوسفية) لابن النّحوي أبو القاسم التّوزري الرّشيدي القلعي الجزائري عرض ودراسة .</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257869">
                <text>Stratégie pour la maintenance prévisionnelle des systèmes  photovoltaïques</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119091">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257870">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257871">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="257850">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Short Communication</text>
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                  <text>Articles</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119092">
                <text>عايش, محمد</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119093">
                <text>نوني, أسماء</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257872">
                <text>Alphonse, Sadam</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257873">
                <text>Bikai , Jacques</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257874">
                <text>Tetang Fokone,  Abraham</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257875">
                <text>Cesar, Kapseu</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119094">
                <text>2021-08-03</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257876">
                <text>2023-10-08</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119095">
                <text>إنّ مُعاينة التُّراث الشِّعري العربي تستوجب الحديث عن اجتهادات الفلاسفة المسلمين في التَّأصيل لهذا التراث. فقد ساهم الفلاسفة بشكل جلي في بلورة المعالم الأساسية للمفاهيم الشعرية مُتَأثرين بالفلسفة اليونانية - نعني كتاب فن الشعر لأرسطو- والذي قال بأنَّ الشعر محاكاة، وأنَّ هذه الأخيرة مهَّدتْ للشِّعر الموضوعي، ولذلك كان حديث هؤلاء الفلاسفة عن الشعر- رغم تناثره وتفرُّقه في جميع مؤلفاتهم الفلسفية- يحدد مفهومهم للشعر ولطبيعته ووظيفته وأداته بحيث تُشكِّل هذه المفاهيم نسقاً مُتكاملاً مترابط الأجزاء، يترتب فيه كل جزء منها على الآخر، ويترتب على هذه النَّظرة إلى مهمة الشعر وطبيعته المعرفية تصورهم للأداة أو اللغة الشعرية على وجه التحديد. هذه الدراسة تحاول الكشف عن جانب من جوانب ترثنا النقدي، لتتناول على أساسه أقوال وتصورات الفلاسفة المسلمين القدماء عن الشعر، وإظهار اختلاف النظرية الإسلامية، من خلال تناول الفلاسفة المسلمين للظاهرة الأدبية والقوانين التي تحكمها وتُحدِّد أشكالها وغاياتها. فكيف يمكن وصف النظرية الشعرية عند الفلاسفة المسلمين؟ هل كانت نسخة مستحدثة عن النظرية الأرسطية أم تناثرت فيها أفكار -خاصة- تُعبرِّ عن خصائص التراث الإسلامي الشعري والنقدي؟</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119096">
                <text>The exploration of the Arab poetic legacy imposes the discussion of Muslim philosophers’ attempts at nativization of this legacy. Philosophers who were affected by Greek philosophy have contributed very clearly in shaping the essential pillars of poetic notions. In his book: On the Art of Poetry, Aristotle states that poetry is a simulation, and the latter paved the path for objective poetry, and therefore, these philosophers’ discussion about poetry, outlines the notions for poetry, its nature, its function and the tools to convey it, despite the differences in their publications. These notions form a complete pattern where every part follows the next one, and the philosophers’ view of the poetic language, determines their view of the function and nature of poetry. This study aims at exploring one side of our critical legacy, to study the views and imaginations of ancient Muslim philosophers about poetry. It also aims at revealing the difference of the Islamic theory, through the discussion of the literature phenomenon and the rules that guide it and determines its ways and goals. How can we describe the poetic theory among Muslim philosophers? Was it an updated copy of the Aristotelian theory, or did it contain “personal” ideas that express the properties of the Islamic poetic and critical legacy?</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257877">
                <text>Dans le cadre de la résolution du problème de déficit énergétique et de la pollution environnementale due aux énergies fossiles, l’utilisation des énergies renouvelables (ER) constitue une solution idoine. Cependant, l’instabilité de ces sources demeure une des limites considérables à leur exploitation. Notre travail porte sur l’évaluation du potentiel éolien en intégrant le paramètre de la densité massique locale de l’air. L’extrapolation de la demande d’énergie permet de prédire la solution envisageable. Le but de ce travail est de vérifier si l’énergie éolienne peut satisfaire à la demande d’énergie dans le village Wouro Kessoum. Les résultats montrent que ce n’est qu’entre 8 heures et 17 heures de la journée que la puissance récupérable satisfait à la demande d’énergie pour 195 ménages de ce village.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119097">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1189</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119098">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v13i1.1189</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257879">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/34</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257880">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i1.34</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119099">
                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257882">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119100">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257884">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257885">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119101">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 13 عدد 1 (2021): v13i12021; 36-47</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119102">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 13 No 1 (2021): v13i12021; 36-47</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119103">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021): v13i12021; 36-47</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119104">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119105">
                <text>1112-4628</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119106">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v13i1</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257886">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 72 – 85</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257887">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No 1 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 72 – 85</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257888">
                <text>2716-8247</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257889">
                <text>1112-2242</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257890">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119107">
                <text>Muslim philosophers</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119108">
                <text>the notion of poetry</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119109">
                <text>Poetry goals</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119110">
                <text>simulation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119111">
                <text>imagination</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119112">
                <text>poetry and change</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119113">
                <text>lies of poetic statements</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119114">
                <text>الفلاسفة المسلمين</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119115">
                <text>مفهوم الشعر</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119116">
                <text>غايات الشعر</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119117">
                <text>المحاكاة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119118">
                <text>التخيل</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119119">
                <text>الشعر والتغيير</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119120">
                <text>كذب الأقاويل الشعرية</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257891">
                <text>Energies renouvelables</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257892">
                <text>extrapolation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257893">
                <text>potentiel éolien</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257894">
                <text>densité locale l’air</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257895">
                <text>demande d’énergie</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119121">
                <text>متصورات الشعرية عند الفلاسفة المسلمين</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257896">
                <text>Potentiel énergétique éolien et profil de consommation d’énergie  dans le village Wouro Kessoum  Ngaoundéré Cameroun</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119123">
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257898">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="257878">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="257881">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="257883">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/34/1069</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  <item itemId="5022" public="1" featured="0">
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Short Communication</text>
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                  <text>Articles</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119124">
                <text>شرقي, منيرة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257899">
                <text>Bass, Mbaye</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257900">
                <text>Tchanche, Bertrand</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119125">
                <text>2021-08-03</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257901">
                <text>2023-10-08</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119126">
                <text>تتناول رواية "الحوات والقصر" علاقة السلطة بالمجتمع، وما يشوبها من سلبيات، تلخصها الهوة الواسعة بين الطرفين، ومشاهد الظلم. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل ملامح "العجائبية" في رحلة علي الحوات، وكذلك تبيين دور "العجائبية" في تشكيل وعي الشخصيات. وجدت الدراسة أن العجائبية قادرة على التعبير عما هو غير مألوف وخطير وجديد. أما ملامح العجائبية فتتمثل أولا في الموضوع، وثانيا في العناصر السردية؛ وهكذا، حضرت محتويات الرواية بطريقة غير مباشرة، وجاءت المدلولات مفخمة.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119127">
                <text>The novel "Al-Hawat walqasr" deals with the relationship of political power with society, and its negative features, summarized by the wide gap between the two parties, and scenes of injustice. This study aims to analyze the "fantastic" features of Ali al-Hawat journey, and also to show the "fantastic" role in shaping the awareness of the characters. The study found that fantastic are able to express what is unfamiliar, dangerous and new. As for the fantastic features, the first is the subject, and secondly, they are the narrative elements; thus, the contents of the novel were attended indirectly, and the meanings came as astonishing...</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257902">
                <text>L’Afrique dispose de beaucoup d’atouts pour son développement dont ses ressources naturelles, et surtout énergétiques. Cependant, près de 600 millions de personnes y vivent sans accès à l’énergie, alors que le taux d’accès à l’électricité est particulièrement faible dans certaines régions comme en Afrique centrale, moins de 25%. Les causes sont nombreuses : absence de financements, de vision, de stratégie, de cadres compétents, etc. L’analyse des acteurs permet de dénombrer des entités (institutions, entreprises, groupements professionnels, consommateurs, bailleurs de fonds, etc.) qui défendent chacune ses intérêts et n’agissent pas en synergie. Des efforts d’intégration ont été entrepris depuis les années 1960, pour une concertation au niveau continental et surtout pour résister aux effets de la géopolitique. Toutefois, ces organisations continentales et régionales peinent à s’imposer, les États refusant de céder quelque partie que ce soit de leur souveraineté. Des initiatives ont été mises en place, pour accélérer l’accès des populations à une énergie moderne, mais celles-ci n’ont pas eu les résultats escomptés.</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119128">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1190</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119129">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v13i1.1190</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257904">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/35</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257905">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i1.35</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119130">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257906">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119131">
                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257907">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119132">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1190/756</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257908">
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119133">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257909">
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 13 No 1 (2021): v13i12021; 48-61</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021): v13i12021; 48-61</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119137">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
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                <text>1112-4628</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119139">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v13i1</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257911">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 86 – 108</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257912">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No 1 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 86 – 108</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257913">
                <text>2716-8247</text>
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                <text>1112-2242</text>
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                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i1</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119140">
                <text>fantastic</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119141">
                <text>journey of consciousness</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119142">
                <text>novel “Al-Hawat walqasr”</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119143">
                <text>العجائبية</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119144">
                <text>رحلة الوعي</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119145">
                <text>رواية الحوات والقصر</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257916">
                <text>Gouvernance</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257917">
                <text>Énergie Politique</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257918">
                <text>Acteurs</text>
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                <text>Institutions</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119146">
                <text>العجائبية ورحلة الوعي في رواية الحوات والقصر للطاهر وطار</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119147">
                <text>The fantastic and the journey of consciousness in the novel "Al-Hawat walqasr" by Tahar Wattar</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257920">
                <text>Analyse de la gouvernance Africaine du secteur de l’énergie</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257903">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115958">
                  <text>Short Communication</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="255275">
                  <text>Articles</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119150">
                <text>يعقوب, خديجة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257923">
                <text>Niyonzima, Jean Bosco</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257924">
                <text>Hendrick, Patrick</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119151">
                <text>2021-08-03</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257925">
                <text>2023-10-08</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119152">
                <text>يعتبر شيوخ قبيلة الحنانشة المتوطنة على حدود بايلك الشرق الجزائري خلال العهد العثماني، من أهم الفاعلين المحليين في دواخل البايلك، وتعود هذه الأهمية إلى المكانة الاجتماعية التي حظيت بها أسرة أحرار الحنانشة، وإلى المهام والوظائف الاجتماعية والمخزنية التي كلفوا من طرف البايلك كجباية الضرائب والحفاظ على الأمن في المنطقة الحدودية. ومن أهم هؤلاء الشيوخ خلال القرن الثامن عشر من فرع نصر: ابراهيم وابنه بوحفص اللذين حكما شؤون القبيلة توارثا لمدة أربعين سنة وتحديدا فيما بين (1755-1795م)، فالقيام بوضع ترجمات لهم يمكننا من محاولة تجاوز الصورة النموذجية للشيخ، وتجاوز صورة الزعيم المنتفض والمتمرد، ورصد ممارسات الشيوخ كعنصر فعل اجتماعي تحركه المصالح الشخصية والقبلية من التعرض للاستراتيجيات الضريبية والمعاملاتية والمصاهراتية التي اتبعوها، ومحاولة فهم خلفياتهم وأسباب تحالفهم أو تمردهم على سلطة الباي أو الباشا.&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>Les ‘’ cheikhs’’ de la tribu des ‘’Hananesha’’ installée aux frontières du beylik de l’est algérien pendant la période ottomane sont considérés comme les acteurs locaux les plus importants à l’intérieur de cette région. Cette importance est due au statut social don jouissait la famille Ahrar Hananesha, ainsi qu’aux taches et fonctions sociales et d’entrepôt assignées par elbeylik à savoir les prélèvements fiscaux et le maintien de la sécurité dans la région frontalière. Parmi les plus importants de ces anciens au XVllle siecle de la branche Nasr : Ibrahim et son fils Bouhafs, qui ont régné sur les affaires tribales en matière d’héritage pendant quarante ans, et plus précisément entre(1755-1795AD ). Alors, faire des interprétations pour eux nous permet de passer l’image typique des cheicks en tant que chefs rebelles et surveiller leurs pratiques comme l’élément d’action sociale motivé par les intérêts personnels et tribaux de l’exposition à l’impôt aux transaction et aux stratégies fraternelles qu’ils poursuivaient, et essayer de comprendre leurs origines et les raisons de leur alliance ou de leur rébellion contre l’autorité du Bey ou du Pacha. Summary : Hananesh tribe elders endemic to the eastern borders of Beylik during the ottoman era are considered to be the most important local actors inside Beylik, and this importance is due to the social status enjoyed by the Ahrar Hananesha family, as well as the social and warehouse tasks and functions assigned by the elbeylik as tax levies and maintenance of security in the border region. Among the most important of these 18th century elders of the Nasr branch : Ibrahim and his son Bouhafs, who reigned over tribal inheritance affairs for forty years, and more specifically between (1755-1795AD). So, making interpretations for them allows us to pass the typical image of cheicks as rebel leaders and monitor their practices as the element of social action motivated by the personal and tribal interests of the exposure to the tax to transaction and the fraternal strategies they were pursuing, and try to understand their origins and the reasons for their alliance or their rebellion against the authority of the Bey or the Pasha.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257926">
                <text>Le Burundi comporte plusieurs petits cours d’eau pour lesquels aucune étude hydrologique complète n’a été faite. Notons que l’hydroélectricité est une source d’énergie renouvelable et disponible sur toute l’année. Une étude de mesure de débits été conduite au Burundi, sur le site de Ryamukona. Cette étude vise à présenter les résultats de mesures de débit réalisées au Burundi sur la rivière Mwogere pour l’année 2017. Le débit nominal mesuré est de l’ordre de 1,18 m3/s, en utilisant la méthode des points de vitesse. Connaissant le débit nominal et la hauteur de chute brute de 12 m, mesurée à l’aide d’un GPS, cette étude a alors abouti à la définition du potentiel hydroélectrique du site de Ryamukona, un potentiel estimé à 82 kW environ. Dans la dernière partie de cette étude, on a déterminé la méthode de mesure de débit la mieux adaptée pour le site de Ryamukona, compte tenu des activités d’extraction de Coltan qui sont quotidiennement réalisés le long de la rivière Mwogere. On remarque, que suite à ces activités d’extraction de coltan dans la rivière Mwogere, la méthode de dilution du NaCl n’est pas donc adaptée pour la mesure du débit dans cette rivière.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119154">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1191</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119155">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v13i1.1191</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257928">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/36</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257929">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i1.36</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119156">
                <text>ara</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257930">
                <text>eng</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119157">
                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257931">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119158">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1191/757</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257932">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/36/1071</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119159">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257933">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257934">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119160">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 13 عدد 1 (2021): v13i12021; 62-85</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119161">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 13 No 1 (2021): v13i12021; 62-85</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119162">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021): v13i12021; 62-85</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119163">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119164">
                <text>1112-4628</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119165">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v13i1</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257935">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 109 – 132</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257936">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No 1 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 109 – 132</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257937">
                <text>2716-8247</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257938">
                <text>1112-2242</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257939">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119166">
                <text>شيوخ قبيلة الحنانشة؛ ابراهيم؛ بوحفص؛ القرن الثامن عشر</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119167">
                <text>شيوخ القبيلة الحنانشة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119168">
                <text>ابراهيم</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119169">
                <text>بوحفص</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119170">
                <text>القرن الثامن عشر</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119171">
                <text>The sheikhs of the tribe Hananasha</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119172">
                <text>Ibrahim</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119173">
                <text>Bouhafs</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119174">
                <text>; Eighteenth century</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257940">
                <text>Petites rivières</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257941">
                <text>mesure de débit</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257942">
                <text>méthode des points</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257943">
                <text>vitesse de l’écoulemen</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257944">
                <text>méthode de dilution du  NaCl</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119175">
                <text>شيوخ قبيلة الحنانشة خلال القرن الثامن عشر: ابراهيم بن بوعزيز وابنه بوحفص (1755-1795م).</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257945">
                <text>Mesures du débit de la rivière Mwogere au moulinet  hydrométrique par la méthode des points de vitesse</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119176">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119177">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257946">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257947">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="257927">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115958">
                  <text>Short Communication</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="255275">
                  <text>Articles</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119178">
                <text>دجاج, فاطمة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257948">
                <text>Hanafi , Abdelhakim</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257949">
                <text>Alkama, Djamel</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119179">
                <text>2021-08-03</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257950">
                <text>2023-10-08</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119180">
                <text>احتلت القضايا الاقتصادية و الاجتماعية أهمية خاصة في كتابي فرحات عباس "الشاب الجزائري" و "ليل الاستعمار" حيث برز من خلاهما فكره الاجتماعي و الاقتصادي، الذي سعى من خلاله الى تحرير الإنسان الجزائري اجتماعا و اقتصاديا ، و حمل هم مجتمعه الذي يخضع لسياسة اجتماعية و اقتصادية جائرة، الهدف منها سلب ممتلكاته و اذلاله حتى لا يقوى على النهوض مرة أخرى، و غرس مجتمع دخيل في وسطه أصبح هو المسيطر على مقدرات الحياة، و لهذا فان فرحات عباس رأى ضرورة النهوض بالمجتمع و الاقتصاد حتى يستعيد الجزائريون قوتهم و بالتالي يمكنهم المطالبة بحقوقهم و هذا يكفله لهم مجتمع متماسك و متحضر و اقتصاد قوي مبني على أسس صحيحة. و في هذا الصدد جاءت هذه الدراسة لتسلط الضوء على فكر الرجل في هذين المجالين الذي اتضح من خلال مواقفه الواضحة فيما يتعلق بحياة الجزائريين الاجتماعية و الاقتصادية.</text>
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                <text>&amp;nbsp;Economic and social issues occupied special importance in the books of Farhat Abbas , 'The Young Algerian Man' and 'The Night of Colonialism', in which emerged through them the social and economic thought, through which he sought social and economic emancipation of the Algerian man, and carried his society that is subject to social policy and Unfair economic, the aim of which is to take away its property and humiliate it so that it is not able to rise again, and to instill an alien society in its midst that has become the dominant in the capabilities of life, and for this he saw the necessity of promoting society and the economy in order for the Algerians to regain their strength and thus they can claim their rights and this It is guaranteed by a cohesive and united society Harm and a strong economy built on sound foundations. In this regard, this study came to shed light on the thought of man in these two areas, which was clear from his clear positions regarding the socio-economic life of Algerians.</text>
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                <text>Cet article se concentre sur l’appropriation concrète du développement local durable au niveau des villes sahariennes, par les acteurs et les participants (population locale) aux différents modes de gouvernance, de l’action et de la décision collective à la gestion et au développement de la ville. En se basant sur la lecture et l’analyse de différentes oasis au territoire algérien : leurs types, leurs systèmes et leurs modes de création, de structure, de gestion, de gouvernance, d’exploitation, de protection, etc. dans l’objectif d’instaurer une démarche participative contribuant au développement local durable des villes sahariennes présent et future</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1193</text>
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                <text>10.37138/jarh.v13i1.1193</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/37</text>
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                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i1.37</text>
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                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
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                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257958">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
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                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 13 عدد 1 (2021): v13i12021; 86-106</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 13 No 1 (2021): v13i12021; 86-106</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021): v13i12021; 86-106</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119191">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119192">
                <text>1112-4628</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119193">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v13i1</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 133 – 154</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257961">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No 1 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 133 – 154</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257962">
                <text>2716-8247</text>
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                <text>1112-2242</text>
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                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i1</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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              <elementText elementTextId="119194">
                <text>Farhat Abbas</text>
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                <text>Algeria</text>
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                <text>Society</text>
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                <text>Economy</text>
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                <text>Occupation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119199">
                <text>فرحات عباس</text>
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                <text>الجزائر</text>
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                <text>الاقتصاد</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119203">
                <text>الاحتلال</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257965">
                <text>ville saharienne</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257966">
                <text>démarche  participative</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257967">
                <text>contribution</text>
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                <text>développement local durable</text>
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                <text>gouvernance</text>
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                <text>processus  participatif</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119204">
                <text>عنوان المداخلة مواقف فرحات عباس الاجتماعية و الاقتصادية من خلال بعض أدبياته "الشاب الجزائري و ليل الاستعمار"</text>
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                <text>Ville saharienne et démarche participative : Contribution pour un  développement local durable</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119206">
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257952">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="115958">
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          <element elementId="39">
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              <elementText elementTextId="119207">
                <text>بوبيدي, حسين</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257974">
                <text>Louossi, Theodore</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257975">
                <text>Djongyang, Noël</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257976">
                <text>Sosso Mayi, Olivier Thierry</text>
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                <text>Nanfak, Arnaud</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119208">
                <text>2021-08-03</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257978">
                <text>2023-10-05</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119209">
                <text>تشتمل جهات مالي من منطقة الساحل على مواقع أثرية حافلة بنقوش ذات أهمية كبرى ترجع إلى العصر الوسيط؛ وأكثرها شهرة نقوش السوق (تادمكة) في أذرار-ن-إفوغاس، ونقوش ساني وگاو (گاوْ گاو أو گاوُو) وبنتيا (كوكيا) في حوض نهر النيجر. وترد هنا بعض شواهد النقوش من منطقة ساني منشورة لأول مرة، أما الشواهد النصية التي قد تحيل على ساني، أو تلك التي عثر عليها في قوائم بأسماء ملوك الصونغاي فهي أيضا تحلل هنا لأول مرة. وهذه المحاضرة تناقش الصدام بين مقاصد المؤرخين العصريين وبين التمثلات الذهنية التي تقدمها الذاكرة الاجتماعية. وعليه يجوز الاحتجاج للتمثلات التاريخية المبنية على الشواهد مهما بدت جانحة ومهما كان نسيج الماضي مستعصيا على الترميم.</text>
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                <text>&amp;nbsp;are at Essuk (Tadmăkkăt) in the Aday-n-Ifoyas, and at Saney, Gao (Găwgăw or Gaawo), and Bentiya (Kukiya), in the Niger valley. Some of the epigraphic evidence from Saney is published here for the first time. Textual evidence which may refer to Saney, and which is found in the Soŋoy (Songhay) kinglists, is also analysed here for the first time. This lecture discusses the clash between the modern historian's aims and the constructions brought forth by social memory. It argues for the pursuit of «warp-like» historical reconstructions wherever the «weft» of the past is irretrievable.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257979">
                <text>This paper presents the implementation of perturb and observe maximum power point tracking algorithm with Duty Cycle Modulation instead of pulse width modulator for photovoltaic power generators. Like all the different methods used for tracking the maximum power point of photovoltaic system, perturb and observe method use a Pulse Width Modulation to control the DC-DC converter. Here, the Duty Cycle Modulation is used in the place of Pulse Width Modulation. A detailed analysis of the approach is proposed and simulations are performed using MATLAB/Simulink software. The results show the performance and speed at which this control reaches the maximum power point. The response times is very low and is between 0.0125s and 0.05s depending on the climatic variations. So, Duty Cycle Modulation can be used as an alternative to Pulse Width Modulation for the search of the maximum power point.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119211">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1194</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119212">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v13i1.1194</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257981">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/41</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257982">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i2.41</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119213">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257983">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119214">
                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257984">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119215">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1194/759</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257985">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/41/1073</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119216">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257986">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257987">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119217">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 13 عدد 1 (2021): v13i12021; 107-136</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119218">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 13 No 1 (2021): v13i12021; 107-136</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119219">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021): v13i12021; 107-136</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119220">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119221">
                <text>1112-4628</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119222">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v13i1</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257988">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No. 2 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 159 – 175</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257989">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No 2 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 159 – 175</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257990">
                <text>2716-8247</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257991">
                <text>1112-2242</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="257992">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i2</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119223">
                <text>memory</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119224">
                <text>epigraphic</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119225">
                <text>Oral narration</text>
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                <text>Tadmăkkăt</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119227">
                <text>Gao Saney</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119228">
                <text>Songhay</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119229">
                <text>Kukiya</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119230">
                <text>الذاكرة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119231">
                <text>النقوش</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119232">
                <text>الرواية الشفوية</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119233">
                <text>تادمكة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119234">
                <text>غاو ساني</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119235">
                <text>السنغاي</text>
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                <text>كوكيا</text>
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                <text>Perturb and Observe,</text>
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                <text>Duty cycle modulation,</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257995">
                <text>Pulse width modulation,</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257996">
                <text>Photovoltaic system</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119237">
                <text>باولو فرناندو دي مورايس فارياس: التاريخ في معاكسة الذاكرة : النقوش والحوليات والرواية الشفوية ومواقع النسيان في الساحل المالي (ترجمة)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257997">
                <text>Perturb and observe maximum power point tracking method for  photovoltaic systems using duty-cycle modulation</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="257980">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119240">
                <text>بوغرزة, نسيم</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="258000">
                <text>Anas Boussaa , Sabiha</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="258001">
                <text>Benkrid, Abdelhak</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="258002">
                <text>Zaourar Boutarek, Naima</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258003">
                <text>Ayachi , Messaouda</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119241">
                <text>2021-12-30</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258004">
                <text>2023-10-05</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119242">
                <text>كَثُرَتِ الْعِنَايَةُ بِقَصِيدَةِ بَانَتْ سُعَادُ وَبَلَغَتِ الْآفَاقَ، فَنَالَتْ شَيْئًا غَيْرَ قَلِيلٍ مِنْ عِنَايَةِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِينَ وَالْمُتَأَخِّرِينَ عَلَى السَّوَاءِ، إِذْ جَادَتْ فِيهَا قَرَائِحُهُمْ وَسَالَتْ فِيهَا أَقْلَامُهُمْ. وَمِنْ أَقْدَمِ الشُّرُوحِ عَلَيْهَا عَلَى الْإِطْلَاقِ شَرْحُ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَحْوَلِ (ت259هـ)، الَّذِي يُعَدُّ فِي حُكْمِ الْمَفْقُودِ عَلَى اعْتِبَارِ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُطْبَعْ قَبْلًا، فَضْلًا عَنْ أَنْ يُحَقَّقَ، وَسَنَعْرِضُهُ فِي هَذِهِ الدِّرَاسَةِ نِسْبَةً لِصَاحِبِهِ وَضَبْطًا وَتَحْقِيقًا لِنَصِّهِ.&amp;nbsp;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119243">
                <text>This paper deals with a clear and precise realisation to the explanation of Abi Elabbass Alahwal (259AH) concerning B Bānat Su'ād's poem for Ka'b Ibn Zohair. Such explanation was tied with his Diwan novel which is considered the oldest novel that had reached us. Thus, it is a fruitful research work since, to our knowledge, it was not dealt with and published before as well as his author was one of the prominent writers of language. In addition, it is considered as the base work for the other explanations that came after. Moreover, it was characterised with a particular overviews and invaluable meanings. Although, he concisely presented it, it covers the verses' whole meanings.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258005">
                <text>Solar energy is a clean renewable energy source. During the electricity production, photovoltaic systems do not generate any waste or toxic emissions. However, if this industry is to truly present a sustainable solution it must account for the photovoltaic solar panels’ end-of-life phase. According to the already installed PV panels and its predicted growth, the amount of waste PV panel is estimated to reach in 2050, 78 million tons. Different researches showed the necessity to recover the photovoltaic waste panels and according to the last issue guideline of the European Union (2012/19/EU), the end of life photovoltaic panels are considered as electronic and electric equipment waste. In this review paper, different recent researches interest of recycling photovoltaic panels will be cited. The several components, which constitute silicon based photovoltaic panels, will be presented. These silicon based photovoltaic panels presented are realizing in researcher center of technology of semiconductor for energetic (CRTSE, Algeria). The materials present in the panels can be recovered and reused using specific methods; once their modules reach the end of their life cycle such as: glass and aluminum, as well as semiconductor materials such as silicon, copper. Finally, we will cite 53 different recycling panels industries.</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119244">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1195</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119245">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v13i2.1195</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258007">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/43</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258008">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i2.43</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119246">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258009">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119247">
                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258010">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119248">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1195/760</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258011">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/43/1075</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119249">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258012">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258013">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119250">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 13 عدد 2 (2021): v13 i2 2021; الصفحة 1-31</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119251">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 13 No 2 (2021): v13 i2 2021; الصفحة 1-31</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119252">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2021): v13 i2 2021; الصفحة 1-31</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119253">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119254">
                <text>1112-4628</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119255">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v13i2</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258014">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No. 2 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 201 – 216</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258015">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 23 No 2 (2020): Volume 23 (Regular); 201 – 216</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258016">
                <text>2716-8247</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258017">
                <text>1112-2242</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258018">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v23i2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119256">
                <text>Abou Elabbass Alahwal</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119257">
                <text>Ka'b Ibn Zohair</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119258">
                <text>Bānat Su'ād</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119259">
                <text>أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَحْوَلُ</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119260">
                <text>كَعْبُ بْنُ زُهَيْرٍ</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119261">
                <text>بَانَتْ سُعَادُ</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258019">
                <text>Photovoltaic panels,</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258020">
                <text>Silicon,</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258021">
                <text>End of life,</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258022">
                <text>Recycling panels industries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119262">
                <text>شَرْحُ قَصِيدَةِ بَانَتْ سُعَادُ لِأَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَحْوَلِ (ت259هـ) -نِسْبَةٌ وَتَحْقِيقٌ-</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="119263">
                <text>Abi Elabbass Alahwal's (259AH) explanation of Bānat Su'ād's poem: Relativity and Realization</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="258023">
                <text>End of life silicon based photovoltaic panels: A review</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119264">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119265">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="258024">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="258025">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="258006">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
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