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var str = 'Impact of training on employee performance- Case Study: NAFTAL LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG)';
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]]>
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var str = 'Impact of training on employee performance- Case Study: NAFTAL LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG)';
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]]>
Training, Worker performance, Human Resource Management, Naftal Corporation]]>
التكوين، أداء العاملين، إدارة الموارد البشرية، مؤسسة نفطال]]>
This study examined the effect of training on worker performance at the Algerian Enterprise (GPL) in Oran. A questionnaire was distributed to 30 employees, and 25 questionnaires were retrieved. The results of the study suggest that training has a positive impact on worker performance. Trained employees are more likely to be satisfied with their jobs, to be more productive, and to have a lower turnover rate.
The study concludes that training is an important tool for organizations that want to improve employee performance and increase productivity. However, the study also notes that the effectiveness of training depends on a number of factors, such as the quality of the training program, the motivation of the employees, and the organizational culture.
مدى تأثير التكوين على أداء العاملين: دراسة حالة مؤسسة نفطال- فرع غاز البترول المميع
الملخص: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان مدى تأثير التكوين على أداء العاملين في المؤسسة الجزائرية نفطال بوهران، ومن أجل تعزيز هذه الدراسة والإجابة على الإشكالية الرئيسية، تطرقنا في الجانب النظري إلى مختلف المفاهيم المتعلقة بالتكوين أما في الجانب الميداني فقد اخترنا مؤسسة نفطال بتوزيع استبانة على عينة من العمال، حيث قمنا بتحليل البيانات باستخدام أدوات الإحصاء الوصفي.
توصلت الدراسة إلى اظهار الأثر الإيجابي للتكوين على أداء العاملين باعتباره أداة فعالة لتحسين أداء العمال وزيادة الإنتاجية الفردية والجماعية.
]]>
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var str = 'BELHADJ ZIANE, Ikram';
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var str = 'ABDELRAHMANE, Amina';
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]]>
Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal; Vol 4 No 01 (2023): Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal - June 2023; 61-77]]>
2773-3807]]>
2716-9421]]>
10.52919/arebus.v4i01]]>
University of Oran2]]>
2023-06-30]]>
Copyright (c) 2023 Advanced Research In Economics and Business Strategy Journal]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/37/33]]>
application/pdf]]>
ara]]>
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Peer-reviewed Article]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/37]]>
10.52919/arebus.v4i01.37]]>
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var str = 'Employee motivation and quality of performance in University Libraries';
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var str = 'Employee motivation and quality of performance in University Libraries';
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]]>
Human Resources, Motivation, Performance, Evaluation.]]>
This study analyzes the problem of worker motivation and the quality of performance in university libraries. Because human resource is an important and effective element in any organization, it must therefore be preserved to motivate it, whether financially or otherwise, and it enables a good and effective performance that makes the organization evolve to the highest rank and achieve its goals.
To answer the problem of the study, we relied on the descriptive approach in the theoretical part and on the analytical approach in the practical part by distributing a questionnaire to a sample of individuals from the Central Library of the University of Oran 1, and we concluded that the motivational activity structures the performance of the workers.
Despite the deficiencies and the lack of a suitable work environment, the workers, with little motivation available, continue to perform the tasks assigned to them. An organization that aims for quality performance must improve its level of motivation.
تحفيز العمال وجودة الأداء في المكتبات الجامعية
الملخص: تناولت هذه الدراسة موضوع تحفيز العمال وجودة الأداء في المكتبات الجامعية، إذ يعتبر المورد البشري عنصر هام وفعال في أي منظمة، لذا وجب الحفاظ عليه والعمل على تحفيزه سواءا ماديا أو معنويا، وهذا ما يسمح بأداء جيد وفعال يسمو بالمؤسسة لأعلى الم ا رتب وتحقيق أهدافها. للإجابة على إشكالية الدراسة، تم الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي في الجانب النظري للدراسة، والتحليلي في الجانب التطبيقي من خلال توزيع استبيان على مجموعة من عمال المكتبة المركزية لجامعة وهران 2، ولقد توصلت الدراسة إلى تأكيد تحكم نشاط التحفيز في أداء العمال، بالرغم من النقائص وعدم توفر بيئة العمل المناسبة، إلا أن العمال بالقليل من التحفيز المتوفر يواصلون أداء المهام الموكلة إليهم، والمنظمة التي تسعى لجودة أكبر في الأداء ما عليها سوى الرفع من مستوى التحفيز.]]>
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var str = 'BOUDJEMAI, Houaria';
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]]>
Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal; Vol 4 No 01 (2023): Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal - June 2023; 43-60]]>
2773-3807]]>
2716-9421]]>
10.52919/arebus.v4i01]]>
University of Oran2]]>
2023-06-30]]>
Copyright (c) 2023 Advanced Research In Economics and Business Strategy Journal]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/36/32]]>
application/pdf]]>
ara]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
Peer-reviewed Article]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/36]]>
10.52919/arebus.v4i01.36]]>
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var str = 'The rejuvenation of the brand through Social Media';
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]]>
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var str = 'The rejuvenation of the brand through Social Media';
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]]>
Brand, Brand Rejuvenation, Social Media, Millennials]]>
La Marque]]>
Rajeunissement de la Marque]]>
Médias Sociaux]]>
Milléniaux.]]>
The rejuvenation of the brand through social media has become a key issue for traditional brands that want to target millennials. Indeed, in the digital age, researchers are on the lookout for new technologies in order to develop the best possible strategies and to be more efficient in a market where competition is becoming harder. Thus, the recent study aims to highlight strategies capable of rejuvenating a brand through socialmedia.
LE RAJEUNISSEMENT DE LA MARQUE PAR LES MÉDIAS SOCIAUX
Résumé:
Le rajeunissement de la marque par les médias sociaux est devenu un enjeu majeur pour les marques traditionnelles qui souhaitent cibler la génération Y. En effet, à l’ère du numérique, les chercheurs sont à l’affût de nouvelles technologies afin de développer les meilleures stratégies possible, et cela dans le but d’être plus performants dans un marché où la concurrence est dure et ardue. La récente étude vise à mettre en lumière les éventuelles stratégies possibles pour rajeunir une marque à travers les médias sociaux.
]]>
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var str = 'BENDERDOUCHE, Narimane';
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]]>
Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal; Vol 4 No 01 (2023): Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal - June 2023; 29-42]]>
2773-3807]]>
2716-9421]]>
10.52919/arebus.v4i01]]>
University of Oran2]]>
2023-06-30]]>
Copyright (c) 2023 Advanced Research In Economics and Business Strategy Journal]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/35/31]]>
application/pdf]]>
fra]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
Peer-reviewed Article]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/35]]>
10.52919/arebus.v4i01.35]]>
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var str = 'The adoption of Islamic Financing by Algerian Islamic Banks: A Case Study of Al-Salam Bank Algeria';
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]]>
Islamic financing modes, Islamic banks, Algeria, Economic actors.]]>
In this paper, we aim to shed light on the reality of Islamic financing modes adopted by one of the existing Islamic banks in Algeria through the case of Al Salaam Bank Algeria. We find that Islamic banks in Algeria adopt various Islamic financing modes; some of them are directed towards the general public (individuals) in the form of consumption and real estate financing modes, while others are directed towards economic actors (enterprises) for financing investment projects and exploitation cycles.]]>
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var str = 'Djessas, Omar';
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]]>
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var str = 'Chaker, Hamza';
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]]>
Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal; Vol 4 No 01 (2023): Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal - June 2023; 19-28]]>
2773-3807]]>
2716-9421]]>
10.52919/arebus.v4i01]]>
University of Oran2]]>
2023-06-30]]>
Copyright (c) 2023 Advanced Research In Economics and Business Strategy Journal]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/34/30]]>
application/pdf]]>
eng]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
Peer-reviewed Article]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/34]]>
10.52919/arebus.v4i01.34]]>
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var str = 'Economic Growth Stimulant in Nigeria: Components and Combined Analysis';
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]]>
Economy, Growth, Factors, Inflation, Interest Rate]]>
Economic growth stimulus in developing countries such as Nigeria is still an important discussion in economics and business literature. This study sought to examine the stimulus of economic growth in Nigeria, analyzing components and combined effects. Secondary data werecollected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, which reported data between 1980 and 2019. To analyze the data collected, simple and multiple linear regression models were used.
The findings revealed that four components—the exchange rate, money supply, interest rate, and export—were statistically significant in stimulating the growth of the economy. The inflation rate as a component was not statistically significant in creating favorable stimulation for economic growth.The combined effect of these factors showed a statistically significant effect on stimulating economic growth. Interest rate and inflation showed a negative relationship with real GDP (an indicator of economic growth), while the other three indicators showed a positive relationship. Therefore, we recommend that the government, firms, and individuals always consider actions that will reduce the negative effects of inflation and interest rates on the economy]]>
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var str = 'Andem,, Francis E.';
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]]>
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var str = 'Zibigha, Weniebi';
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]]>
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var str = 'Ogosi, Francis I';
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]]>
Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal; Vol 4 No 01 (2023): Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal - June 2023; 05-18]]>
2773-3807]]>
2716-9421]]>
10.52919/arebus.v4i01]]>
University of Oran2]]>
2023-06-30]]>
Copyright (c) 2023 Advanced Research In Economics and Business Strategy Journal]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/33/29]]>
application/pdf]]>
eng]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
Peer-reviewed Article]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/33]]>
10.52919/arebus.v4i01.33]]>
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var str = 'The impact of fiscal policy components on foreign direct investment in Algeria during the period (2000-2020)';
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]]>
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var str = 'THE IMPACT OF FISCAL POLICY COMPONENTS ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN ALGERIA DURING THE PERIOD (2000-2020)';
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]]>
Fiscal policy; Foreign Direct Investment; Public expenditure; Algeria.×]]>
Fiscal policy; Foreign Direct Investment; Public expenditure; Algeria.×]]>
Fiscal policy; Foreign Direct Investment; Public expenditure; Algeria.]]>
The main objective of this study was to determine the degree of impact of the components of the fiscal policy on foreign direct investment flows in Algeria during the period (2000-2020), using a multiple linear regression model.The study concluded that there is a negative and significant effect of the external public debt on foreign direct investment in Algeria, as an increase in the external public debt by 1 unit leads to a subsequent decrease in foreign direct investment by -1.119 units, while there was no effect between each of the variable Ordinary collection, public spending variable, and foreign direct investment.
أثر مكونات السياسة المالية على الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في الجزائر خلال الفترة 2000-2020
الملخص: كان الهدف الرئيسي من هذه الدراسة هو تحديد درجة تأثير مكونات السياسة المالية على تدفقات الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في الجزائر خلال الفترة (2000-2020)، وذلك باستخدام نموذج الانحدار الخطي المتعدد . خلصت الدراسة إلى وجود أثر سلبي ومعنوي للدين العام الخارجي على الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في الجزائر، حيث أن زيادة الدين العام الخارجي بمقدار 1 وحدة يؤدي إلى انخفاض لاحق في الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر بمقدار 1.119وحدة، في حين لم يكن هناك أثر بين كل من "متغير الجباية العادية، متغير الانفاق العام" والاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر .]]>
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var str = 'SAHEL, Mohamed';
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]]>
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var str = 'BENTAFAT, Abdelhak';
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]]>
Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal; Vol 3 No 2 (2022): Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal - December 2022; 66-88]]>
2773-3807]]>
2716-9421]]>
10.52919/arebus.v3i2]]>
University of Oran2]]>
2022-12-31]]>
Copyright (c) 2022 Advanced Research In Economics and Business Strategy Journal]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/32/27]]>
application/pdf]]>
ara]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
Peer-reviewed Article]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/32]]>
10.52919/arebus.v3i2.32]]>
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var str = 'The role of monetary policy to remedy the various crises: the case of Algeria';
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]]>
Algeria , Monetary policy, Subprime crisis, Energy crisis, Health Crisis.]]>
Algeria , Monetary policy, Subprime crisis, Energy crisis, Health Crisis.]]>
Nowadays, the intervention of the State becomes more and more essential to maintain an economic stability, to ensure this situation the State must adopt several economic policies which designate the whole of the actions set up by the public authorities aiming at correcting the economic "imbalances" judged harmful, among these policies one can distinguish: the budgetary policy, the commercial policy, and the monetary policyAlgeria in turn has always resorted to monetary policy especially in times of crisis, namely the subprime crisis, the oil crisis of 2014 and finally the current health crisis, these crises are essentially the subject of our work, which focuses on the study of state intervention in times of crisis by the monetary policy to overcome this situation.
Le rôle de la politique monétaire pour remédier aux différentes crises : Cas d’Algérie
RESUME; De nos jours, l’intervention de l’État devient de plus en plus primordiale afin de maintenir une stabilité économique, pour assurer cette situation l’État doit adopter plusieurs politiques économiques qui désignent l’ensemble des actions mises en place par les pouvoirs publics visant à corriger les « déséquilibres » économiques jugés dommageables, parmi ces politiques on peut distinguer : la politique budgétaire, la politique commerciale et la politique monétaireL’Algérie de son tour a toujours eu recours à la politique monétaire notamment en période de crise, à savoir la crise des subprimes, la crise pétrolière de 2014 et enfin la crise sanitaire actuelle, ces crises font essentiellement l’objet de notre travail, qui porte sur l’étude de l’intervention de l’état en période de crise par la politique monétaire visant à surmonter cette situation.]]>
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var str = 'BENSIAHMED, Younes';
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var str = 'ABBES, Nihad';
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]]>
Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal; Vol 3 No 2 (2022): Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal - December 2022; 52-65]]>
2773-3807]]>
2716-9421]]>
10.52919/arebus.v3i2]]>
University of Oran2]]>
2022-12-31]]>
Copyright (c) 2022 Advanced Research In Economics and Business Strategy Journal]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/31/26]]>
application/pdf]]>
fra]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
Peer-reviewed Article]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/31]]>
10.52919/arebus.v3i2.31]]>
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var str = 'Empirical analysis of the determinants of financial crisis contagion in advanced countries';
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]]>
Crises financières ; Contagion financière ; Volatilité ; Risque souverain; Données de panel.]]>
Crises financières ; Contagion financière ; Volatilité ; Risque souverain; Données de panel.]]>
The global financial system is constantly shaken by large-scale systemic crises which have therefore raised concerns about the rapid transmission of shocks between countries, especially since some have observed an upsurge in sovereign risk, the One country's default can drag other vulnerable countries in its wake with amplifying contagion effects. This article aims to identify the determinants of the contagion of financial crises in advanced countries by focusing, more particularly, on the spread of the Greek crisis triggered in 2010 to the countries of the euro zone. The aim is to show whether the extent of sovereign risk contagion in the euro zone is explained by the importance of financial and commercial links, by intrinsic vulnerabilities, as well as by the psychological effect of investors using the panel data econometrics method.
Analyse empirique des déterminants de la contagion des crises financières dans les pays avancés
RESUME: Le système financier mondial est constamment secoué par des crises systémiques de grande ampleur qui ont, dès lors, suscité l’inquiétude quant à la rapide transmission des chocs entre les pays, d’autant plus que certains ont observé une recrudescence du risque souverain dont le défaut d’un pays peut entraîner dans son sillage d’autres pays vulnérables avec l’amplification des effets de contagion. Cet article a pour objectif d’identifier les déterminants de la contagion des crises financières dans les pays avancés en s’intéressant, plus particulièrement, à la propagation de la crise grecque déclenchée en 2010 vers les pays de la zone euro. Il s’agit de montrer si l’ampleur de la contagion du risque souverain dans la zone euro est expliquée par l’importance des liens financiers et commerciaux, par des vulnérabilités intrinsèques, ainsi que par l’effet psychologique des investisseurs à l’aide de la méthode relative à l’économétrie des données de panel.]]>
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var str = 'ZEMIRLI, Radhia';
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Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal; Vol 3 No 2 (2022): Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal - December 2022; 34-51]]>
2773-3807]]>
2716-9421]]>
10.52919/arebus.v3i2]]>
University of Oran2]]>
2022-12-31]]>
Copyright (c) 2022 Advanced Research In Economics and Business Strategy Journal]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/30/25]]>
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Peer-reviewed Article]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/30]]>
10.52919/arebus.v3i2.30]]>
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var str = 'The scarcity of natural resources and the unlimited waste characteristics: The necessity of conciliation, what are the possibilities of application in Algeria?';
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Gestion des déchets, Politiques publiques, Algérie, Enfouissement, Déchet /Ressource.]]>
Gestion des déchets, Politiques publiques, Algérie, Enfouissement, Déchet /Ressource.]]>
From now on, the waste issue belongs to the problem of environmental degradation and that of the scarcity of natural resources. In this context, it’s unavoidable to move from the concept of draining waste to the one of rating them. Therefore, the waste becomes a resource.In order to take part in this new trend, since the 2000s, Algeria has engaged in a public waste management policy with different ambitious action programs. Moreover, the government has devoted institutional, financial and human means, but despite of that, the set aims are far from being achieved.This article shows us that, waste management remains an issue in Algeria. However, this situation is explained among other things by the priority given by the public authorities to the trash disposal, the low recovery rate, and the unfavorable socio-economic background.
La rareté des ressources naturelles et le caractère illimite des déchets : La nécessité de conciliation, quelles possibilités d’application en Algérie ?
RESUME: La problématique des déchets s'inscrit, désormais, dans celle de la dégradation de l'environnement et de la rareté des ressources naturelles. Dans cette optique, il est inéluctable de passer d'une logique d'élimination des déchets à celle de la valorisation. Le déchet devient ainsi, une ressource. Pour se greffer dans cette nouvelle tendance, l’Algérie a engagé, depuis les années 2000, une politique publique de gestion des déchets, des programmes d'actions ambitieux et elle a mobilisé des moyens institutionnels, financiers, humains et autres, mais les objectifs fixés sont loin d’être atteint.Cet article nous montre que la gestion des déchets en Algérie demeure problématique. Cette situation s'explique, entre autres, par la priorité accordée par les pouvoirs publics à l'élimination des déchets, faible taux de valorisation et le contexte socioéconomique défavorable.]]>
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var str = 'Hachemi-Douici, Naima';
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var str = 'Dorbane-Nasri, Nadia';
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Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal; Vol 3 No 2 (2022): Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal - December 2022; 16-33]]>
2773-3807]]>
2716-9421]]>
10.52919/arebus.v3i2]]>
University of Oran2]]>
2022-12-31]]>
Copyright (c) 2022 Advanced Research In Economics and Business Strategy Journal]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/29/24]]>
application/pdf]]>
fra]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
Peer-reviewed Article]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/29]]>
10.52919/arebus.v3i2.29]]>
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var str = 'The AFC, opportunity for the financial communication of Algerian companies?';
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]]>
IFRS, FAS, Financial communication, Taxation.]]>
IFRS, FAS, Financial communication, Taxation.]]>
The Financial Accounting System (FAS) came into effect in 2010, largely inspired by International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS); beyond a change in accounting standards, it is a real upheaval in the philosophy of producing financial information.One of the goals is to lead company managers to turn towards the outside world: shareholders, financial community, partners, whether they are customers or suppliers, and especially competitors.After a universal historical reminder of accounting, we pose the following problem: Wouldn't the SCF be an opportunity to develop a financial communication, readable and transparent, and which would be in coherence with the various reforms already undertaken for the passage towards a market economy.Key words: IFRS, FAS, Financial communication,
Le SCF, opportunité pour la communication financière des entreprises algériennes ?
RESUME: Le Système Comptable Financier (SCF) rentré en application en 2010, largement inspiré des Normes Comptables Internationales (IFRS) ; au-delà d’un changement de référentiel comptable, il s’agit d’un véritable bouleversement de la philosophie de la production de l’information financière.Un des finalités, est de conduire les dirigeants des entreprises à se tourner vers l’extérieur : Actionnaires, communié financière, partenaires, qu’ils soient, clients ou fournisseurs, et surtout concurrents.Après un rappel historique universel de la comptabilité, nous posons la problématique suivante : Le SCF, ne serait-il pas une opportunité de développer une communication financière, lisible et transparente, et qui serait en cohérence avec les différentes réformes déjà entreprises pour le passage vers une économie de marché.]]>
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var str = 'Arif, Salah-Eddine';
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Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal; Vol 3 No 2 (2022): Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal - December 2022; 5-15]]>
2773-3807]]>
2716-9421]]>
10.52919/arebus.v3i2]]>
University of Oran2]]>
2022-12-31]]>
Copyright (c) 2022 Advanced Research In Economics and Business Strategy Journal]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/28/23]]>
application/pdf]]>
fra]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
Peer-reviewed Article]]>
https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/Revue/AREBUS/index.php/AREBUS/article/view/28]]>
10.52919/arebus.v3i2.28]]>