var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Quelle méthode de traduction des métaphores de l’espagnol vers les langues camerounaises en contexte d’apprentissage ?'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Translation]]> Metaphor]]> Errors]]> Method]]> Spanish]]> Cameroonian languages]]> African Languages]]> Translation]]> Metaphor]]> Errors]]> Method]]> Spanish]]> Cameroonian languages]]> African Languages]]> Translating Metaphors from Spanish to Cameroonian Languages: Which Method in a learning context?
Metaphor, in its various forms, poses substantial constraints when one undertakes to translate it, given that it is a model of expression of a culture, a mode of thought, singularised through each language and in permanent construction. After clarifying some conceptual and theoretical points about the process of metaphorisation and the typology of metaphor, this study qualitatively analyses the way in which 29 students from a translation institute in Cameroon translated some forty metaphors from Spanish into Cameroonian languages. Given the difficulty of collecting metaphors in their diverse and unclear typology, the study is limited to the category of fixed metaphors, particularly idioms. It is found that because of the cultural connotations they carry and the acrolectal style they are supposed to convey; metaphors are difficult to translate by translator-learners who have not been introduced to a specific method for doing so. Most students make numerous errors (non- translations, lack of meaning, and loss of meaning) that betray the precariousness of their translation process. Following this observation, this study, which is both descriptive and prescriptive, recommends some specific methodological points that should be taught to translator-learners to enable them to translate metaphors from Spanish into Cameroonian languages effectively. The said methodological points are built on the basis of the work of Barnwell (1990), Misri (1990), Hagström (2002), Jamet (2003), and more around the seven strategies advocated by Newmark (1981) for metaphor transfer, namely reproduction of the same image (literal translation), replacement with a standard image, replacement with a simile that retains the image, replacement with a simile with explanation, conversion of the metaphor into an explanation of its meaning, omission, and reproduction of the original metaphor combined with an explanation. However, the study recommends that such a draft method, in order to be effective and beneficial, should be accompanied by didactic reforms in the teaching of Spanish translation in relation to Cameroonian languages. In this perspective, it would be appropriate for translator-learners to be more exposed to metaphors in Spanish, and that bridges and didactic "pretexts" be created to enable them to rub shoulders with experts in Cameroonian languages and cultures.]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Manifi Abouh, Maxime Yves Julien'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Ngala, Bernardin Essama'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Traduction et Langues; Vol 22 No 1 (2023): Traduction et Langues Volume : 22 Numéro : 01 / June 2023; 179-198]]> 2600-6235]]> 1112-3974]]> 10.52919/translang.v22i1]]> University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed]]> 2023-06-30]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/935/789]]> application/pdf]]> fra]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]> Peer-reviewed Article]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/935]]> 10.52919/translang.v22i1.935]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = '« ¡Un clásico que nunca falla ! ». Ingeniería lingüística y degustación : la invención como estrategia psicosociodinámica en el trinomio alemán-inglés-español (DE-EN-ES)'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Linguistic engineering]]> psychosocial- dynamics]]> Interculturality]]> Communication Translation]]> Interpretation]]> Linguistic engineering]]> psychosocial- dynamics]]> Interculturality]]> Communication Translation]]> Interpretation]]> A Timeless Classic! Linguistic Engineering and Gastronomy: Invention as a Psychosociodynamic Strategy in the German-English-Spanish Trinomial (DE-EN-ES)
The aviation industry has always been recognized for its focus on the customer experience, and airline menus are a faithful reflection of this commitment. This study highlights that these menus not only offer a wide variety of gastronomic options but also employ linguistic engineering techniques to persuade and entice passengers into making specific choices. By analyzing the menus of Lufthansa, Air Canada, and Iberia on the PUJ- YYZ-AMS-FRA route in December 2022, some of the most common strategies used in linguistic engineering were identified. For instance, German menus from Lufthansa are characterized by their rigor in nominalization and brand exposure, suggesting that the company uses food as a means to promote its brand and differentiate itself from competitors. On the other hand, Air Canada's English menus deliberately use adjectives to convince customers to choose specific options. The same technique applies in the Spanish text of Iberia, where inventions and exclamations are used to tempt passengers into selecting specific culinary choices. It is interesting to note how these strategies are premeditated and strategically applied in the linguistic engineering of airline menus. The way this type of persuasion is linguistically expressed also varies according to the language, suggesting that airlines adapt their techniques to the cultures and linguistic expectations of their customers. Ultimately, this study emphasizes that linguistic engineering is a powerful tool for companies seeking to persuade customers and enhance their overall experience. While this work focused on the menus of the mentioned airlines at a specific moment, similar dynamics are likely to be found in other texts and diverse media. Therefore, linguistic engineering provides an opportunity for companies to develop more effective persuasion and marketing strategies. The application of these strategies can not only improve original texts but also be valuable in the field of transcreation, a highly functional branch in language translation and interpretation. These tacit strategies provide insights that can be considered as an autonomous method to enhance communication and customer satisfaction.]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Kozanda, Dominik'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Traduction et Langues; Vol 22 No 1 (2023): Traduction et Langues Volume : 22 Numéro : 01 / June 2023; 160-178]]> 2600-6235]]> 1112-3974]]> 10.52919/translang.v22i1]]> University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed]]> 2023-06-30]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/934/788]]> application/pdf]]> spa]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]> Peer-reviewed Article]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/934]]> 10.52919/translang.v22i1.934]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Identidad nacional en Blacksad mediante la cultura marítima: análisis sobre las influencias del Atlántico y el Mediterráneo: LINEBMLCM'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Black-Criminal Literature]]> Contemporary Comic]]> Comparative Literature]]> North American culture]]> Southern European culture]]> Black-Criminal Literature]]> Contemporary Comic]]> Comparative Literature]]> North American culture]]> Southern European culture]]> National identity in Blacksad through maritime culture: analysis on the influences of the Atlantic and the Mediterranean: LINEBMLCM
Since its origins, the noir-criminal genre has produced debate on the national question in its narrative. Developed in the United States after the war, its adaptation to the european market led to the copy of american affairs, although it soon wanted to incorporate national themes. The debate continues to this day, and the Blacksad comic is proof of this. By spanish authors, published in the french-belgian market, and characterized as north american hard-boiled fiction, the discussion generated deals with their affiliation to one or another culture. In order to provide new perspectives, we want to incorporate recent studies on the mediterranean black novel into the narrative in Blacksad, to consider where the gaze of the character and its authors points. For this reason, our analysis consists of exposing the state of the question on the debate instituted around the comic, and inquiring into the cultural aspects that have determined its character, as it is a product where three different aspects converge. The three societies present in the discussion, in turn, are conditioned by thoughts born from looking towards the sea, being able to distinguish the influence of the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, which bathe the countries in ideological brawl: The United States with respect to the first; France and Spain for the second. Each one has developed a different line towards the genre that concerns us, the noir-criminal narrative, and although no one denies the birth of this literature by the north american hard-boiled, nor the influence of the french market to revive the genre even towards new media, such as comics, Spain seems to lose importance in the matter. The appearance of the previously mentioned mediterranean black novel offers new arguments to outline the treatment of culture in the work, which will be analyzed by referring to works consecrated in this narrative, with the goal of estimating to what extent the national and the homeland in the Blacksad series, more specifically, in the works included in his “color cycle”. In these comics, the plots derive from essential issues of the genre in its american aspect, but the treatment and character coincide with attitudes presented in the mediterranean narrative, which arose in response to the stereotypes of the genre. For this reason, the germ to debate about the homeland of the work is developed through examples, which rekindle the debate beyond propaganda, and allows us to delimit the extent to which the importance of culture, original and acquired, influences artistic creation and literature.]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Benguigui, Daniel Romero'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Traduction et Langues; Vol 22 No 1 (2023): Traduction et Langues Volume : 22 Numéro : 01 / June 2023; 132-158]]> 2600-6235]]> 1112-3974]]> 10.52919/translang.v22i1]]> University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed]]> 2023-06-30]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/933/787]]> application/pdf]]> spa]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]> Peer-reviewed Article]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/933]]> 10.52919/translang.v22i1.933]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Du translingue comme post-monolinguisme. Subvertir le maternali(ngui)sme dominant pour légitimer la minorité spanglish'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Code-mixing]]> Giannia Braschi]]> Linguistic hybridity]]> Liquid language]]> Puerto Rico]]> Code-mixing]]> Giannina Braschi]]> Linguistic hybridity]]> Liquid language]]> Puerto Rico]]> About Translingual as Post-Monolingualism. Subverting the Dominating Mothertongue to Legitimize the Spanglish Minority
The puertorican cultural identity was forged between American colonialism and the previous secular Spanish rule, but now Puerto Rico is a free state associated to the United States. The circular migratory flows between the two territories allowed the consolidation of a consistent Hispanic community in the surroundings of New York, the newyorican one, living at the crossroad between two ethnic groups, two languages. Thus, the prolonged contact of English and Spanish led to the development of a new linguistic code: Spanglish. This transcends the phenomena of bilingualism, diglossia and code-switching, placing the speakers in a linguistic continuum and eluding the notions of mother tongue and foreign language, dominant and minor language. Starting from the subversion of the concept of mother tongue, this essay explores the discursive and linguistic strategies by which the Puerto Rican writer Giannina Braschi in her "Yo-Yo Boing"! legitimates Spanglish. If mother tongue shapes the ontological identity from birth, language fluid contributes to the deconstruction of language as identity belonging. Language is a liquid object: polyphonic, dialogic and conative because it addresses to recipient, its arbitrariness makes it polyhedral and it is a representation of the multiple facets of identity. Our research, dealing with the geopolitical frictional context of the borderland between United States and Latin America, problematizes the location of a non-canonised literature employing linguistic hybridity as a marker of dominant identity. In fact, in-between linguistic politics is not bilingual, but translingual; it posits a post-national and post-conflictual ideology and transculture's linguistic porosity makes monolingualism obsolete, affirming translingualism as post-monolingualism. Post-monolingual being is the one who has freed himself from dependence on the "langue" making the "parole" the means of expression of his logos. Hybridity allows to make the dominant the dominated, that is why Giannina Braschi writes in her foreign language and not in her mother tongue, she writes in minor language in order to promote it, dominant language becomes the dominated one.]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Cavallari, Santa Vanessa'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Traduction et Langues; Vol 22 No 1 (2023): Traduction et Langues Volume : 22 Numéro : 01 / June 2023; 111-131]]> 2600-6235]]> 1112-3974]]> 10.52919/translang.v22i1]]> University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed]]> 2023-06-30]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/932/786]]> application/pdf]]> fra]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]> Peer-reviewed Article]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/932]]> 10.52919/translang.v22i1.932]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Jacques Derrida et Souleymane Bachir Diagne La Traduction comme trahison'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Translation]]> Betrayal]]> Deconstructi on]]> Contamination]]> Orality]]> Translation]]> Betrayal]]> Deconstructi on]]> Contamination]]> Orality]]> Jacques Derrida and Souleymane Bachir Diagne : Translation as Betrayal
Traditional Western thought finds its rise from logocentrism. The latter establishes a link of identity between the word and the thing. The resulting translation is a reflection of accuracy. It is this approach that Derrida deconstructs. The deconstructive scheme requires that there is no addressee and therefore “must be translated”. As a consequence, the translator will never exhaust a work. There will always be emptiness and lack. The translation is always unfaithful. It is neither a neutral reception nor a simple reproduction of a text. Nor is it the original restitution of meaning. To translate a work is to mourn its originality. For Derrida, translation is “an operation intended to ensure its survival as a work”. This survival of the work “lives more and better, above its author”. It is this survival that makes the translator a traitor because the meaning crumbles in the semantic transfer. Obviously, meaning is never transmitted in the same way. He still suffers betrayal. The latter makes translation an event. The event is erased, because it only happens by repeating itself and altering itself. This approach is the foundation of Souleymane Bachir Diagne’s thinking. For him, translation is celebrating plurality; it is “in a way imagining a happy Babel”. By drawing on African anthropology, by analyzing orality and the implications of its transcription, Souleymane Bachir Diagne believes that the fidelity of the translation comes from its betrayal. We cannot have a pure translation. This logic breaks completely with nationalism. The translation “contributes to the task of realizing humanity, and even better: it identifies with it”. Against the “clash of civilizations”, translation as betrayal establishes a “dialogue of cultures”. The Senegalese thinker thus thinks that it is thanks to translation that one can “say in one’s own language, the culture of the other”. Translation is “the ability to take all languages together and think about what their coexistence might mean”. This is where the Monolingualism of other by Jacques Derrida takes on its importance. This work is part of a deconstruction of language as a property and no doubt as a natural home. “I only have one language and this is not mine, my own language is a language that cannot be assimilated to me. My language, the only one I can hear myself speaking, is the language of the other”. Therefore, no pure language. This one suffers the effect of contamination. Therefore, for Bachir Diagne, the act of translating “finds two languages, two cultures’’. To translate is therefore to betray the origin and linguistic purity.]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Ondoua, Hervé Toussaint'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Traduction et Langues; Vol 22 No 1 (2023): Traduction et Langues Volume : 22 Numéro : 01 / June 2023; 92-110]]> 2600-6235]]> 1112-3974]]> 10.52919/translang.v22i1]]> University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed]]> 2023-06-30]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/931/785]]> application/pdf]]> fra]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]> Peer-reviewed Article]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/931]]> 10.52919/translang.v22i1.931]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Traduire les cultures : quelles stratégies pour traduire l’intraduisible au sein des œuvres littéraires africaines?'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Approaches]]> Multilingualism]]> Problems of translation]]> Translation studies]]> Transmission]]> Approaches]]> Multilingualism]]> Problems of translation]]> Translation studies]]> Transmission]]> Translating Cultures: Which strategies for the translation of untranslatable terms in African literary works?
Among the problems that surface in the field of translation, untranslatability is one of the most acrimonious to deal with. It is not only a question of terms that are not translated, but of terms that are retranslated over time, and which divide authors and translators. Sometimes, this leads to the omission of important terms that convey messages which are keys to the understanding of the works. We notice the plurality of African works aiming to defend their language-cultures and whose authors adopt a heterolingual language composed of their native languages and Western languages. This creates untranslatable terms that challenge the most skilled translator. Since these languages are not standard languages, many questions arise, such as whether all the untranslatable terms are rendered in the target language? If not, how do translators handle these untranslatable terms? Are there specific approaches to render them? These are the different questions we will address in our article. First, we will present the different cases of untranslatable terms in African literary works. After, we will talk about the cultural wealth they represent. Finally, we will propose some translation approaches that would make it possible to translate cultures without obstructing the knowledge they contain.]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Gerard, Adzalo Kossi'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Traduction et Langues; Vol 22 No 1 (2023): Traduction et Langues Volume : 22 Numéro : 01 / June 2023; 80-91]]> 2600-6235]]> 1112-3974]]> 10.52919/translang.v22i1]]> University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed]]> 2023-06-30]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/930/784]]> application/pdf]]> fra]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]> Peer-reviewed Article]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/930]]> 10.52919/translang.v22i1.930]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Le rôle du lexique transdisciplinaire dans la constitution des terminologies techniques : le cas de l’industrie de la plasturgie'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Plastic terminology]]> Technical term]]> Highly technical term]]> Terminology core]]> Terminological unit]]> Plastic terminlogy]]> Technical term]]> Highly technical term]]> Terminology core]]> Terminological unit]]> The Role of Transdisciplinary Vocabulary in Technical Terminology Formation: The case of the plastic industry
Our article focuses on the technical terminology formation, more exactly on the formation of plastic terminology and on the role given to transdisciplinary lexicon. In order to offer a global perspective on the plastic terminology, firstly, we have relied on a variety of classifications regarding the technical terms and terminological units, and on examples extracted from documents used in professional environments such as factories, associations etc. The technical terms specific for the plastic industry were classified as follows: operations, products, machines, and materials. We can state that, after examining the contexts and the terminological units used in the technical discourse, the plastic terminology represents a complex terminology and that various fields have influenced it, among them we mention: chemistry, physics, mechanics, informatics, electronics, production management, metallurgy etc. All these disciplines have played an essential part in the formation of the plastic lexicon. The linguistic investigations will enable us to obtain various results regarding the distribution of these terms and terminological units per domain. The results obtained through the intermediary of statistical measures realised with the help of Sketch Engine, a software specialised in automatic extraction of terminology, provides us the opportunity to offer a detailed description of the plastic terminology and essential information concerning the transdisciplinary vocabulary. The investigations carried out and the manual selection helped us present a classification for the transdisciplinary vocabulary and a comparison with the disciplinary vocabulary in order to emphasize the role played by this type of lexicon. Consequently, we will be able to establish the connections between transdisciplinary vocabulary and the formation of plastic terminology. Our research encompasses the idea that we cannot identify equality between the disciplinary vocabulary and the transdisciplinary vocabulary, and we go even further, and we state that the last one occupies a predominant position, being also caracterised by diversity.]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Văsioiu, Valentina-Nicoleta'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Milcu, Marilena'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Traduction et Langues; Vol 22 No 1 (2023): Traduction et Langues Volume : 22 Numéro : 01 / June 2023; 55-79]]> 2600-6235]]> 1112-3974]]> 10.52919/translang.v22i1]]> University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed]]> 2023-06-30]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/929/783]]> application/pdf]]> fra]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]> Peer-reviewed Article]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/929]]> 10.52919/translang.v22i1.929]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'L’écriture comme métaphore de la traduction dans le champ littéraire algérien'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Algerian literature]]> Crossbreeding]]> Heterolinguism Translation]]> Transtextuality]]> Algerian literature]]> Crossbreeding]]> Heterolinguism Translation]]> Transtextuality]]> Writing as a Metaphor for Translation in the Algerian Literary Field
This article seeks to explore the translation paradigm in the production of Algerian novels. It is not about considering translation from the usual and traditional categories that tend to approach it from the perspective of a dichotomous relationship between " source language" and "target language". In the context of Maghrebian and, in particular, Algerian literary creation, the act of translation does not relate to issues of comparison between the original and its translation(s). Instead, this paper will attempt to account for “writing” as a translation that does not have an original work as a reference. We, therefore, intend to present some of Mohammed Dib's most interesting texts in the contemporary Algerian literary field to better understand this phenomenon. We will particularly insist on ‘Neiges de Marbre’ and ‘L'Arbres à Dires’. Based on the premise that the theories of reception mainly focus on the modalities of reading, setting aside the implication of a translation process, and that, on the other hand, the theories of translation give very little interest to the creative aspect of translation, it seems important to us to dig into / go through / contrast and correlate/ throw light on the different approaches and perspectives, to reach a better understanding of the specific role of translation in the creation and reading of the Maghrebian text and, above all, of its importance in the redefinition of the poetics, symbolic and ideological aspects of the text. This being so, one cannot forget - let alone minimize - the anthropo-historical and poetic depth of the Algerian (and more generally Maghrebian) literary adventure. In fact, as previously mentioned, the crossbreeding of languages and imaginaries is a process that goes back very deep into the collective history of North African communities. Given this essential dimension, it can be said that Algerian literatures illustrate, in a particularly original way, a set of phenomena common to all artistic creation, whatever the cultural area or epoch. In a way or another, for the writer, it has always been about creating a new language (one’s “own language”) from and within the one(s) in which he/she has been shaped since childhood.]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Djihed, Charef'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Traduction et Langues; Vol 22 No 1 (2023): Traduction et Langues Volume : 22 Numéro : 01 / June 2023; 40-54]]> 2600-6235]]> 1112-3974]]> 10.52919/translang.v22i1]]> University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed]]> 2023-06-30]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/928/782]]> application/pdf]]> fra]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]> Peer-reviewed Article]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/928]]> 10.52919/translang.v22i1.928]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Entendre ces silences : traduire, transmettre et refléter Entendez-vous dans les montagnes… de Maïssa Bey, en italien et en anglais'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Algeria]]> Adaptation]]> Bey]]> Culture]]> Translation]]> Translation studies]]> Algeria]]> Adaptation]]> Bey]]> Culture]]> Translation]]> Translation studies]]> Listen to those silences: translating, communicating and reflecting Entendez-vous dans les montagnes…by Maïssa Bey, in Italian and English
Maïssa Bey is a French-speaking Algerian writer whose first works were published in the 1990s, during the "black decade" of the civil war that ravaged Algeria. Algerian people, especially women, of whom the author is an integral part, are the protagonists of her stories and novels that aim to break the silences and censorship, to explore the small stories hidden behind the big story. This article aims to analyse the Italian and English translations of Entendez-vous dans les montagnes..., a novel published in France in 2002 and in Algeria in 2007. The Italian translation, published by Astarte in 2020, is by Barbara Sommovigo, who had already translated Bey’s Puisque mon coeur est mort in 2013, initiating an almost paradigmatic author-translator relationship that allows for an effective approach to a short but complex text like Entendez- vous dans les montagnes... The English translation is by the American Erin Lamm, and is the result of her doctoral thesis, with a clearly more academic intention than the Italian text, whose publishing house Astarte aims to communicate voices from the shores of the Mediterranean. In fact, Bey's work travels between two languages and therefore between two cultures, the French and the Algerian, which intersect in the pages of the story like the lives of the three protagonists. An Algerian woman, an elderly Frenchman and Marie, a young blond woman, meet in the same compartment of a train to evoke memories and thoughts, which lead them to the past and recent history of Algeria, through painful pages among which is evoked the loss of the author's father, killed in 1957 by French soldiers. It is a difficult task for the translators to render this multiplicity of themes and languages from the title: for a French-speaking reader, there is a strong reference to both a line from the Marseillaise and an Algerian patriotic song (Min Djibalina). The Italian title is therefore changed to Dietro quei silenzi…, while the English title is purely literal, Do You Hear in the Mountains... This is just one of the translation choices that will be analysed in this paper, in which the comparison between the strategies and techniques used in the two translation works will be constant, creating a perpetual dialogue with the original text, in the image of the friendship that now exists between the author Maïssa Bey and the two translators.]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Spadaro, Enrico'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Traduction et Langues; Vol 22 No 1 (2023): Traduction et Langues Volume : 22 Numéro : 01 / June 2023; 16-39]]> 2600-6235]]> 1112-3974]]> 10.52919/translang.v22i1]]> University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed]]> 2023-06-30]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/927/781]]> application/pdf]]> fra]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]> Peer-reviewed Article]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/927]]> 10.52919/translang.v22i1.927]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Issues and Perspectives on The Electronic Translation of Shipping Incoterms: FOB as a case study'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Algeria]]> EOP]]> Incoterms]]> The international commercial terms are officially known as Incoterms. These trade rules, established by ICC (the International Chamber of Commerce) are written and pronounced in English. Mastering their use is necessary to circumvent any confusion in the meaning, and to avoid any misunderstanding between the contracting parties. These incoterms are universally agreed upon, except for the United States where a difference in their meaning is noticed, mainly the incoterm FOB (Free on Board). Although they are mandated as multinational business terms, they do not regulate the transfer of ownership of the merchandise nor the sale price. Despite the difference in their meanings, it should be noted that they constitute broad lines for commercial exchanges between countries. Some of their advantages are: The distribution of costs related to export and import, the distribution of documents between the seller and the buyer, and the conditions for the delivery of goods. They are stated to enable trading partners to reach markets throughout the world. To apply incoterms for overseas shipment, maritime transport companies need to make sure that their staff understand them clearly to avoid any costly mistakes in the process of transactions. Collaboration with educational institutions and training courses are required. Both current and future Algerian professionals in the field need to be assisted on how to use incoterms. This research paper deals with the use of shipping incoterms when training the students, who are specialized in maritime trade, for a future profession as a maritime leader or dealer. As the incoterms are basically written and pronounced in English, the use of a translating method, that allows them to identify and understand the meaning of linguistic terms, is required. Bearing in mind the fact that artificial intelligence covers a wide range of outputs nowadays, it has been necessary to ask the following question: Could the T M (translation machine) provide the students a faithful translation of incoterms? In an attempt to answer this question, the following hypotheses were formulated: Teaching EOP (English for occupational purposes) in the Algerian maritime sector focuses on translating the international commercial terms. Machine translation provides a faithful meaning of words and sentences. As the software performs translation for a specific language or domain, it produces a high-quality output. To check these hypotheses, it is essential to go through the MT translation method for it is mostly used by the learners as it is free from any charges. The MT (Machine Translation) method is what a computer program produces. To fulfil a translation, the text is simply entered or pasted in and the languages are selected. Google Translation is a well-known example of this type of translation. The use of this software enables the students to substitute mechanically and quickly words from one language to another. It exempts them from any human linguistic intervention. Though it provides free and instant translations, it produces incoherent wording. The present study reveals that different electronic sites do not give the same translation for the incoterm FOB. One way of evaluating the quality of machine translation is when the human translator reviews the output to ensure that it is linguistically correct. This review is referred to as the post-editing machine translation. When adopting this method, a good quality of translation is achieved; grammatical errors are fixed, unclear and confusing wording and mistranslations are cleared up.]]> var options = { attributes: { rel: 'nofollow', title: 'click to open', }, className: '', format: { url: function (value) { return value } }, ignoreTags: ['a'], validate: { url: function (value) { return value; } } }; var str = 'Douar , Aicha'; document.write(linkifyHtml(str, options)); ]]> Traduction et Langues; Vol 21 No 2 (2022): Traduction et Langues Volume : 21 Numéro : 02 / Decembre 2022; 230-247]]> 2600-6235]]> 1112-3974]]> 10.52919/translang.v21i2]]> University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed]]> 2022-12-31]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/916/771]]> application/pdf]]> eng]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]> info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]> Peer-reviewed Article]]> https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/916]]> 10.52919/translang.v21i2.916]]>