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There is no translation type, model, since all work is subject to a retranslation, producing a different understanding of the same, according to space and time considerations, contextual, or conceptual notional. Translation act satisfies the requirements of the creation to the survival of the original text through time because it is aging which produces a gap between two eras, two cultures, two texts, finally two drives. It is then necessary to retain different methods and approaches to make ownership of the original and the same extrapolation of the paradox between the two posed any translation. The interpretive model (the verbal noun/ the déverbalisation of thought), the functional model (reformulation of the dynamic equivalent expressions in the source text) and finally the model of relevance (the involvement of mediators including cognitive, socio-cultural). Translation is thus an act negotiated between the literary-functional equivalence, relevance and the interpretative approach based on the principle of déverbalisation and reverbalisation. Translate then a metaphor’s construction, sliding, denial, resistance, finally betrayal.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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The presence of the Spaniards in Oran lasted for several centuries, this long stay starting with the 10th century, marked the Oran people in their spoken dialect. The Spanish language in Oran as a linguistic tool, allows us today more than ever to dive back into our history, to question our memory, to reconsider and evaluate our true identity. Because beyond the Oran/Spain borders is a Spanish-speaking history, also impregnated with our civilizational values and witness today of these socio-cultural interferences inherited from a common history. My paper aims to highlight some significant aspects of a common interculturality that must be safeguarded, preserved and maintained.</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 14 No 1 (2015): Traduction et Langues Volume: 14 Numéro: 01 / Août 2015; 108-116</text>
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                <text>Los Hispanismo en el Árabe Dialectal Oranés:  Interacción e Interculturalidad</text>
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                <text>This paper attempts to show a language dilemma related to higher education in Algeria. The question tackles ‘baccalauréat’ holders’ choice of university courses: though basic knowledge is acquired in Standard Arabic, the official language of instruction in Algeria in high school diploma, a number of university streams are provided in French, only taught as a foreign language. Freshmen interested in medicine, for instance, are faced with learning difficulties if they do not master French. An investigation of a group of medical students, undertaken in Tlemcen, has revealed some of these issues, in particular the low academic achievement from the part of the students. The study also deals with their attitudes towards French, usually positive among those who have a good command of the language, but negative among others. We also touch upon the issue of language policy in the Algerian education system as some students have expressed the desire of pursuing medical studies in Arabic.</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 14 No 1 (2015): Traduction et Langues Volume: 14 Numéro: 01 / Août 2015; 159-164</text>
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                <text>Language Dilemma in Algerian Higher Education Pre-University Schooling in Arabic and Medical  Studies in French</text>
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                <text>Boughnim, Amel</text>
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                <text>The Linguistic Situation in Tunisia: What evolution after the revolution?
This contribution shed light on the language situation in Tunisia, particularly the status of the French language and the language of the Amazigh. We process including interviewing programs of both major political parties in Tunisia and based on qualitative interviews conducted with leaders of these parties’ analysis. French enjoys independence from Tunisia a privileged status. Historically the language of administration and education, many Tunisians are now bilingual. However, since the so-called "Jasmine" revolution, this status is challenged by the rise of English in teaching but also because of some political parties who wish to emphasize classical Arabic and strengthen the Arab identity Tunisian Muslim. In contrast to the privileged status of the French language, Tamazight is completely absent political projects since independence. Despite their historical primacy on Tunisian soil, the Amazigh language and culture seem to be perceived as a threat for the Tunisian identity.</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 14 No 1 (2015): Traduction et Langues Volume: 14 Numéro: 01 / Août 2015; 83-93</text>
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                <text>La situation linguistique en Tunisie : Quelle évolution  après la révolution</text>
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                <text>Literary Translation and The Question of Interpretation
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                <text>Hermeneutical Philisophy</text>
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                <text>الترجمة الأدبية وسؤال التأويل</text>
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                <text>This research tries to investigate the link between cultural constraints and the difficulties faced by EFL users when speaking. The main objectives are: first, to find a theoretical grounding with which the link of the socio-cultural environment to language can be explained and second, to find an effective method of investigation that proves the existence of a socio-cultural influence on EFL users rendering and specially speaking. Finally, the research will show that the four socio-cultural dimensions (environment, language, gender and age) have an important effect on EFL learners' oral-expressive rendering (speaking).</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 14 No 1 (2015): Traduction et Langues Volume: 14 Numéro: 01 / Août 2015; 196-204</text>
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                <text>L’alternance codique : jeu de mot et/ou effet de sens  Dans le discours journalistique ?</text>
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                <text>Admittedly, English language teaching philosophy should not include preaching about linguistic and communicative skills solely. The shortcomings of the preceding approaches result in students being unable to solve problems of cultural clashes, probable to take place in learning English. Hence, the insertion of the intercultural paradigm as a new educational philosophy facilitates the process of discovering other foreign cultural dimensions and enjoying that cultural difference most importantly. It gives for urging students to get along with the calls of active learning in creating a third space of interculturality from which to consider the other. The world of literature is a perfect depiction of the sociocultural realities of people and so it offers a short path through the way of learning about certain social conducts that were up till then alien. Equipping students with aspects of thirdness will help them develop positive perceptions towards the content being read in English. This paper provides the theoretical background that led to the inclusion of the concept of thirdness with its relation to language and literary text. It also suggests some classroom activities for the sake of fostering a positive stance towards the foreign culture.</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 14 No 1 (2015): Traduction et Langues Volume: 14 Numéro: 01 / Août 2015; 13-27</text>
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                <text>Thirdness and its bearings on students’ views of the  ‘Other’: Tying the knot between the literary and the  intercultural</text>
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                <text>Despite the official claims that Algeria is assembled around one language, sociolinguistic observations however substantiate the existence of multilingualism, the use of more than one language, in the country. Historically, different races co-inhabited with the Algerian indigenous Berbers. The phoneticians have marked their presence within the Algerian territories and been followed by the Europeans and the Arabs. Although it is only foreign today, French has exercised the most remarkable European impact on the Algerians. Classical Arabic, the language of Islam, has been elevated to the status of official and first national language. Dialectal Arabic is the native variety of the Algerian majority, simultaneously with the Berber minority language being also the second national language. Moreover, the global English language does not quit gaining ground in the country. The media is one politico-economic fountainhead of information and entertainment with a wide range of viewers worldwide. The Algerians are increasingly facing new media TV channels of which many are featured by multilingualism in their appellation. This paper focuses on this present sociolinguistic situation and attempts to describe the different manifestations of the phenomenon of multilingualism at this level.</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 14 No 1 (2015): Traduction et Langues Volume: 14 Numéro: 01 / Août 2015; 117-131</text>
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