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                <text>This paper attempts to explore the existentialist dimension of Armah’s two novels. It particularly aims at demonstrating Armah’s indebtedness to Sartre and Camus. It draws a comparative study between Fragments and Sartre’s Nausea, and between Armah’s Why Are We So Blest? and Camus’s The Outsider. It argues that though Armah has used these works as models, he has himself brought a significant contribution to the Existentialist novel by Africanising it and blending two styles and philosophies of life, Western and African.</text>
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                <text>Existentialist style and ethics in Armah’s fragments and  Why Are We So Blest?</text>
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                <text>his paper is concerned with literary and postcolonial facets of resistance and identity negotiation as concepts through which to approach representations of postcolonial conflicts in contemporary Arab-American women’s writings. These concepts operate at various levels of narratives and open new ways for remembering, narrating, and reading experiences via problematizing the discourses of Arab women’s experiences in diaspora. This paper aims to posit negotiation as a concept of writing and reading which actively engages events, discourses which implies pluralistic conception of social, political, and cultural agency. More specifically, the study explores the ways in which novelists descending from Arab origins, Diana Abu-Jaber and Laila Halaby, deploy negotiation and resistance as tools for aesthetic and socio-political engagement in postcolonial narratives to escape hegemonization. It is a reflection on the notion of hybrid identities and varied cultural provenance of non-native writings. Through its negotiated and interdisciplinary approach to narratives of alienation along with multi-consciousness of identity, this paper does not only engage with multiple discourses derived from postcolonial studies. It also intervenes into the conceptions of nation, memory, and accountability.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 14 No 2 (2015): Traduction et Langues Volume: 14 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2015; 30-40</text>
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                <text>Diasporic Voices: Cultural Dislocation and Search for  Home in Diana Abu-Jabers’s Arabian Jazz and Laila  Halaby’s West of the Jordan</text>
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                <text>Sociocritical Analysis of The Novel "Rue Darwin" by Boualem Sansal
In this article, we try to provide a socio-criticism analysis of then novel named Rue Darwin (Darwin Street). Boualem Sansal is an Algerian French-speaking writer. He is known for his critical remarks towards many form of extremism. His novels are denouncers and anticonformist. He received several international prizes. In this work, one is suggesting to examine this novel with all its complexity and to transcend the discomfort which corrodes Yazid of the interior continuously. At this perspective, it is advised to reconsider the ideological and the sociopolitical conditions of time. The objective is to approach the identity writing like milks dominating in the novel Street Darwin of Boualem Sansal while carrying out a sociocriticism analysis of the novel.</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 14 No 2 (2015): Traduction et Langues Volume: 14 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2015; 83-91</text>
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                <text>Analyse Sociocritique du roman « Rue Darwin » de   Boualem Sansal</text>
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                <text>Topical Formulas
Propositional phraseological expression is an intersection that links naming to predication on a syntactic and semantic basis. For GLÄSER, there are two types of propositional idioms, the integral or partial type. (GLÄSER, 1986: 49). In the complete proposition we find routine formulas, proverbs, truisms, quotations, maxims, slogans and the partial proposition includes fragments and proverbial phrases as well as literary allusions, Zwillingsformeln (binomial formulas) and stereotypical comparisons. Harald Burger distinguishes fixed sentences from topical formulas. (Burger, 2007: 37). Topical formulas are expressions that can be integrated into different communicative situations, but they remain independent of context. They are considered to be the most fixed idioms. They occur in two forms, as truism and proverbs or anti-proverb. Fixed phrases include most, but also the best known phraseological category, such as turn of phrase and locution. We are concerned in this paper with all aspects relevant to</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 14 No 2 (2015): Traduction et Langues Volume: 14 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2015; 163-169</text>
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                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>1112-3974</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v14i2</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Phraseology</text>
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                <text>idiomatic expressions</text>
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                <text>phrases</text>
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                <text>Proverbs</text>
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                <text>idiomatic expressions</text>
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                <text>fixed expressions</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Topische Formeln</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="330003">
                <text>Ige, Ise-Oluwa</text>
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                <text>Aderogba, Adeyemi</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="330005">
                <text>Abimbola, Raphael Olugbenga</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Abstract: Previous studies have focused on the Supreme Court of Nigeria (SCN) from a wide range of perspectives. But literature search reveals a dearth of studies on media reportage of SCN’s decisions and the extent to which the media accurately communicate the judgments to the public. This study evaluates the magnitude and accuracy of media reports on six selected decisions of the apex court. Social responsibility theory provided the theoretical framework. Primary data was collected from the reports of the selected newspapers while certified Supreme Court judgments of the selected cases formed the secondary data. The decisions evaluated included the Ibori's ex-convict status controversy; the legality of ex-Governor Ladoja's impeachment; the validity of 2007 electoral victory of Governor Wamakko and President Umaru Yar'Adua; the ownership tussle between Akwa Ibom and Cross River over 76 oil wells and the tenure elongation suit. The Guardian, The Punch, Daily Trust and Daily Sun newspapers were selected for the study based on ownership and national circulation. Twenty-four editions of the newspapers were selected for content analysis. A 14-item coding sheet was the instrument of data collection. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The selected newspapers were fairly accurate (57.5%) in communicating the decisions of the SCN. The Guardian newspaper had the most accurate reports (76%), while the Daily Sun had the least accurate reports (44.7%). The study found that the magnitude and degree of accuracy of the newspaper reports depended on the nature of the case facts, the political weight of the parties involved in the dispute, nature of the judgments handed down by the SCN in the cases, and the individual newspapers owing to ownership interest, location and their editorial policies.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="330008">
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="330009">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/741</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="330010">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v15i1.741</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="330011">
                <text>eng</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="330012">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/741/616</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="330014">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 15 No 1 (2016): Traduction et Langues Volume: 15 Numéro: 01 / Août 2016; 240-262</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="330015">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="330016">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="330017">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v15i1</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="330018">
                <text>accuracy of report</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="330019">
                <text>supreme court of Nigeria</text>
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                <text>Holding</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="330021">
                <text>Performance of Nigerian Newspapers in Accurate Reportage of Selected Supreme Court Decisions</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="329980">
                <text>Akindele, Julianah A.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="329981">
                <text>Franklin, Ebuzoeme</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The peculiar linguistic history of Nigeria has rubbed off on language use at the micro level. In the Nigerian music industry today, one can hardly find a single song that feature without using English, Nigerian pidgin or any of the Nigerian indigenous languages. The English language has been viewed as not having enough expressive resources that can match any of the native languages. English is seen as being too formal, complex and foreign to Nigerians and as a result of this complexity, speakers often result to the use of indigenous languages because it tends to make the speakers feel at home without much attention paid to the grammatical formations. This study seeks to find out this assertion by exploring the extent of bilingualism and biculturalisms techniques adopted by the selected Nigerian artists. Cummins Threshold Model of Bilingualism and Text Translation Model were used to interpret the lyrics of the songs - ‘Ojuelegba, Jaiye Jaiye, and Orente’. Bicultural elements were portrayed in the musical videos of artists via their costumes and physical settings. Artists employ dressing techniques that merge bits of European and African cultural values. The data sampled also showed the artists’ high level of cultural consciousness and solidarity with mother tongues as indispensable tools for self-expression and self-actualization. The switches between codes were used for emphasis where necessary.</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/740</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="329986">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v15i1.740</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="329987">
                <text>eng</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="329988">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="329989">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/740/617</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="329990">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 15 No 1 (2016): Traduction et Langues Volume: 15 Numéro: 01 / Août 2016; 144-153</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="329991">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="329992">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="329993">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v15i1</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="329994">
                <text>commins threshold model</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="329995">
                <text>Biculturalism and bilingualism</text>
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                <text>Nigerian indigenous languages</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="329997">
                <text>Nigerian arsist pop music</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="329998">
                <text>Nigerian Pidgin English</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="329999">
                <text>Bilingualism and Biculturalism as Elements of Indigenisation in Selected Nigerian Artists Pop Music</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="329949">
                <text>Olubunmi, Alaje</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="329951">
                <text>Loss of Interest in Studying the French Language Among University Students in Nigeria: The case of Osun State University students
In principle, language is an instrument of communication between communities. As the world has become a global village, we are entering an era where the future of a nation will have to be based on multilingualism, a situation with serious consequences. In view of this multilingual context, it is therefore important to learn a foreign language. Based on Skinner's behaviorist theory, this study examines the reasons or factors responsible for the loss of interest and lack of motivation to learn French among university students. The study maintains that students’ interest, motivation and satisfaction must be taken into account in school activities. Using the questionnaire for 50 students which will serve as a tool for a qualitative result, we would identify this alarming challenge among students in the French department of Uniosun. This study concludes that it would therefore be necessary to let learners in foreign language departments decide for themselves whether they want to learn French instead of forcing them to learn the language. France also has an important role in promoting its language (teaching and learning) in Nigeria.</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/739</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="329954">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v15i1.739</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="329955">
                <text>fra</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="329956">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="329957">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/739/613</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="329958">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 15 No 1 (2016): Traduction et Langues Volume: 15 Numéro: 01 / Août 2016; 97-106</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="329959">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="329960">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
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Abstract: The triptych “Camfranglais, Rap and themes” served as a pretext to study how Cameroonian youth, by making use of an identity language, “Camfranglais”, but a Camfranglais rather sung or in the form of “rap”, has appropriated a style of music belonging to the Hip Hop culture to build its identity. Indeed, in Cameroon, the Rap remains a youth and identity practice that young people exploit to express their frustrations, impose their points of view, their ideologies, in various themes in which their dreams of change crystallize. By trying to combine an identity language with an identity musical genre to express their daily feelings, young people engage in a dialogue among themselves and with society as a whole, and this way of doing things reminds us that language is a tool of communication and socialization which allows any individual to identify with a nation, a society, a group, a culture, or even with a “sub-culture”.</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 15 No 1 (2016): Traduction et Langues Volume: 15 Numéro: 01 / Août 2016; 125-134</text>
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                <text>The Lexicon and Langauge under The Psycholinguistic Approach
We have tried in this article to put our finger on the importance linked to the psycholinguistic and approach in the study of lexicon. In this regard, we started with the study of words, we first tried to answer the following questions: What do we know about words? Is the word the smallest meaningful unit? This research aims to be an introduction to a new, little-known psycholinguistic perspective. To do this, we intend, in the first part of this work, to come back to the reasons for this theoretical choice and the definition of key concepts: the word (training: derived word, compound word, etc.), lexicography, etc. time the work is devoted to study language, tongue and speech. Linguistics is mainly concerned with natural languages. These are defined as systems of doubly articulated vocal signs - distinctive units, the phonemes, and significant units, the morphemes; this, in order to oppose them to other human communication systems (such as music).</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Le Lexique et le Langage sous l’Approche  Psycholinguistique</text>
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                <text>Writing Strategies in German and Arabic
Writing is the most complex of the four language skills, as it requires the ability to listen well, since it is not without reading and understanding its meanings, and then expressing what the writer understands in writing from audio materials and reading, respecting the laws of Script and its correct rules, whether grammatical or morphological. In this research, the researcher used the qualitative approach and collected data through documents, Observations and interviews, and in analyzing the data, the researcher used inductive analysis. The results of the research showed that the center applies the Arabic language lesson plan in a fully integrated manner, where lesson materials such as building and others are taught every evening. Classes begin at eight o'clock and are held at ten o'clock. In addition, the center conducted extracurricular activities or additional programs such as public speaking, discussion and others. Both of these strategies result in a positive improvement in students' writing skills. This is because the center has determined that teaching Arabic language skills will be successful by training students in writing or written expression with effort and persistence.</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 15 No 1 (2016): Traduction et Langues Volume: 15 Numéro: 01 / Août 2016; 55-65</text>
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