5 10 84 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource المقالات مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Darawsheh, Hussein Omar Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-12-15 Description An account of the resource Language arises in the arms of societies, and it has its images and uses in different life contexts, which affect the formation of its linguistic structures, its specialized nature and its productions in various knowledge, sciences, arts and contemporary civilized literature. Makers of modern Arabic dictionaries, and delving into and analyzing this topic; Therefore, the research aims to clarify the nature of the social identity of the Arabic language in the light of the practices of lexical linguistics in the contemporary achievement, and to reveal the connotations and references represented by the social identity of the Arabic language in the light of the contemporary lexical given, and to shed light on the specialized depth and its dimensions in the social identity of the Arabic language and its implications for the movement of Authoring in contemporary lexical linguistics, clarifying the above using the descriptive approach, and then the conclusion of the research, which includes the results and recommendations, and the index of sources and references. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/69 10.61850/lij.v2i3.69 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Center of Scientific and Technical Research To develop Language Arabic- Linguistic Research and Arabic Language Issues Unit in Algeria Relation A related resource https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/69/62 10.61850/lij.v2i3.69.g62 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 CRSTDLA-URLCLAA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2021): December 2021; 07-27 2773-2886 2773-2894 10.61850/lij.v2i3 Subject The topic of the resource Social identity; Arabic language; linguistics; lexicon; contemporary. Title A name given to the resource The Social Identity of Arabic Language and its Significance in Contemporary Lexicology Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource المقالات مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Seddiki, Meriem Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-09-30 Description An account of the resource This paper tends to highlight the growing interest in atlases, and the very earliest approaches led to a creation of comprehensive maps for linguistic phenomena, in the time of the emergence of geographical linguistics, a new discipline that identify the knowledge organized via maps and atlases, under the umbrella of a new field of research that is digital linguistic atlas. This paper tries, accordingly, to find an answer to some questions: What is the general scope of the recent western linguistic atlas projects? And how can Arab world benefit from these projects in this field to create their own digital linguistic atlases? Besides, it attempts to provide an overview of the earliest linguistic atlases in the Western world and their main perspectives. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/68 10.61850/lij.v2i2.68 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Center of Scientific and Technical Research To develop Language Arabic- Linguistic Research and Arabic Language Issues Unit in Algeria Relation A related resource https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/68/61 10.61850/lij.v2i2.68.g61 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 CRESTDLA-URLCLAA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): September 2021(Special); 151-165 2773-2886 2773-2894 10.61850/lij.v2i2 Subject The topic of the resource digital linguistic atlas; projects; computerization; linguistic cartography; geographical linguistics Title A name given to the resource Digital Linguistic Atlas: State and Perspectives Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource المقالات مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benzina, safia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-09-30 Description An account of the resource This study, as its title suggests, discusses the issue of geographical linguistic distribution in terms of the pronunciation of sounds and the definition of the concept of words as well as the linguistic environment of that dialect; Considering that the dialects are a true reflection of the environmental diversity of the linguistic phenomena and characteristics that distinguish them exclusively. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/66 10.61850/lij.v2i2.66 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Center of Scientific and Technical Research To develop Language Arabic- Linguistic Research and Arabic Language Issues Unit in Algeria Relation A related resource https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/66/58 10.61850/lij.v2i2.66.g58 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 CRESTDLA-URLCLAA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): September 2021(Special); 117-136 2773-2886 2773-2894 10.61850/lij.v2i2 Subject The topic of the resource Study, sounds, dialects, linguistic. Title A name given to the resource Dialectical diversity in Algeria between phonemic change and the differential function of the spoken language : a study in the light of computational linguistics - - Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource المقالات مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Baha, Fathi Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-09-30 Description An account of the resource This research deals with an important issue in applied linguistics, namely the linguistic Atlas, a new topic which tries to find creative ways to make use of computer and software world in the language industry and its design.This paper attempts to address the following issues; First: what is computational linguistics, secondly: what is linguistic atlases, third: designing linguistic atlases, fourth: linguistic atlases and digital atlases, fifth: haw to benefit from computer linguistics in creating digital atlases, and sixth: haw to benefit from the GPS system to develop linguistic atlases. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/65 10.61850/lij.v2i2.65 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Center of Scientific and Technical Research To develop Language Arabic- Linguistic Research and Arabic Language Issues Unit in Algeria Relation A related resource https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/65/57 10.61850/lij.v2i2.65.g57 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 CRESTDLA-URLCLAA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): September 2021(Special); 101-116 2773-2886 2773-2894 10.61850/lij.v2i2 Subject The topic of the resource Linguistic atlas; programming; the computer; Computational linguistics; GPS system Title A name given to the resource The role of computational linguistics in developing digital linguistic atlases: Design and Delivery Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource المقالات مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aliouat, Embarka Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-09-30 Description An account of the resource The first generation of linguistic atlases has undergone a dramatic transformation from the paper version, which relied on the field survey of Arabic by gathering information and do basic statistics. and on linguistic maps by representation and analysis, to a second generation in an electronic version based on a language database that is stored, then analyzed, and computerized, based on technological progress and its applications in the field of maps, information systems, and on the other hand on modern linguistic trends, especially computer linguistics, this has created overlap and integration between computer linguistics and digital linguistic atlas, which raises the question of how much computer linguistics contributes to the design and completion of the digital linguistic atlas? What are the areas of contrast between them? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/64 10.61850/lij.v2i2.64 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Center of Scientific and Technical Research To develop Language Arabic- Linguistic Research and Arabic Language Issues Unit in Algeria Relation A related resource https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/64/55 10.61850/lij.v2i2.64.g55 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 CRESTDLA-URLCLAA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): September 2021(Special); 87-100 2773-2886 2773-2894 10.61850/lij.v2i2 Subject The topic of the resource digital linguistic atlas, computer linguistics, computer processing, compatibility manifestations, contrast areas Title A name given to the resource Digital linguistic atlas and computer linguistics, compatibility, and areas of contrast Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource المقالات مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource chelouache, Samra Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-09-30 Description An account of the resource The field of geographical linguistics is an important branch of the linguistic lesson that deals with the study of languages and the distribution of dialects across the world. Some models of Arabic linguistic atlases and their contribution in enriching the fields of linguistics and laying their foundations, revealing the importance of linguistic atlases in recording various dialect and linguistic phenomena, and identifying a number of data or features that represent a broad framework To form geographic linguistics. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/62 10.61850/lij.v2i2.62 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Center of Scientific and Technical Research To develop Language Arabic- Linguistic Research and Arabic Language Issues Unit in Algeria Relation A related resource https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/62/54 10.61850/lij.v2i2.62.g54 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 CRESTDLA-URLCLAA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): September 2021(Special); 79-86 2773-2886 2773-2894 10.61850/lij.v2i2 Subject The topic of the resource geographic linguistics, linguistic atlases, dialects, linguistics Title A name given to the resource The role of geographical linguistics in the design and accomplishment of linguistics atlases Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource المقالات مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource brahmi, brahim Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-09-30 Description An account of the resource The topic of the intervention is an explanation of the role that computational linguistics plays in the making of a digital Algerian linguistic atlas. Show how it is invested in the representation of the linguistic data associated with this atlas. In terms of: the design and implementation of linguistic maps, and the automatic treatment of spoken and written linguistic phenomena in their specific geographical space according to the levels of the linguistic system. The intervention tries to explore aspects of the relationship between language, informatics and digitization, and areas of utilization of modern technologies and their digital manifestations in developing software, and building a national data platform for this linguistic atlas, in which everything related to this national project is stored, and that each linguistic researcher can access it in a smooth, dynamic and interactive way, and it helps him In studying linguistic codes, editing, classifying and analyzing texts; To ask many questions from about: How does digitalization contribute to the making of this linguistic atlas and the localization of its contents? What are the practical mechanisms in the computing of this linguistic atlas? And what are the nature of the challenges that could be encountered in the process of computing the linguistic data of the Algerian linguistic atlas? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/61 10.61850/lij.v2i2.61 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Center of Scientific and Technical Research To develop Language Arabic- Linguistic Research and Arabic Language Issues Unit in Algeria Relation A related resource https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/61/53 10.61850/lij.v2i2.61.g53 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 CRESTDLA-URLCLAA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): September 2021(Special); 60-78 2773-2886 2773-2894 10.61850/lij.v2i2 Subject The topic of the resource automatic processing, atlas, linguistics, Algeria, digitization, dialects Title A name given to the resource The automatic processing of the Algerian digital linguistic atlas: Systematic Introductions to Design and Delivery Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource المقالات مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hadji, Fatima zohra Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-09-30 Description An account of the resource This research deals with a linguistic topic, which is "digital linguistic atlas", one of the most recent tools by which geolinguistic research is presented. and while this atlas was a development of the classical one; the developed atlas has characteristics and advantages that make it superior to the classical counterpart in several aspects, so: what are the most important features of the developed atlas? and what are the advantages it has? To answer these two questions, we offer this paper consisting of an introduction, a conclusion, and five requirements. In the first requirement we talk about geographical linguistics, in the second we present a historical overview of the linguistic atlas, then we explain how linguistics has benefited from informatics in the third requirement, while in the fourth requirement we address the emergence of the digital linguistic atlas focusing on mentioning its advantages, and we define it in the last requirement. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/60 10.61850/lij.v2i2.60 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Center of Scientific and Technical Research To develop Language Arabic- Linguistic Research and Arabic Language Issues Unit in Algeria Relation A related resource https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/60/52 10.61850/lij.v2i2.60.g52 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 CRESTDLA-URLCLAA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): September 2021(Special); 39-59 2773-2886 2773-2894 10.61850/lij.v2i2 Subject The topic of the resource linguistics; geolinguistics; computational linguistics; paper linguistic atlas; digital linguistic atlas. Title A name given to the resource The digital linguistic atlas: Features and Advantages Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource المقالات مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Naami, Djema Siboukeur, Ismail Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-09-30 Description An account of the resource The study addresses the concept of analogue and digital(elecronic) linguistic Atlas, showing the stages of their design, the computer processing of linguistic data and maps, then what are the most important features of the electronic Atlas and in terms of research science and education, as well as in the field of language learning. This scientific intervention seeks to answer all the theoretical and methodological questions discussion in which we refer first of all to the concept of the analogue linguistic Atlas on which we approach : (definition and most famous modalitties in terms of its completion, mechanisms, characteristics and importance). This section follows the concept of digital linguistic Atlas: (definition, stages of design, stages of realization and computer processing, characteristics, importance) and its reality in Arabic linguistic research. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/59 10.61850/lij.v2i2.59 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Center of Scientific and Technical Research To develop Language Arabic- Linguistic Research and Arabic Language Issues Unit in Algeria Relation A related resource https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/59/51 10.61850/lij.v2i2.59.g51 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 CRESTDLA-URLCLAA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): September 2021(Special); 21-38 2773-2886 2773-2894 10.61850/lij.v2i2 Subject The topic of the resource digital(elecronic) linguistic Atlas, analogue linguistic Atlas , definition, famous modalitties , processing, characteristics. Title A name given to the resource Analogue and Digital(elecronic) linguistic Atlas: -Reading in the principles , diffusion and developments- Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource المقالات مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Guemmaz, djamila belkacem bouzida, Nouara Khellaf, Massouda Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-09-30 Description An account of the resource The linguistic atlas is a research of guebni based on geographic the language used, Arab researchers were interested in the paper linguistic atlases that appeared in France and Germany, which were carried out by Westem researchers such as George Winker, Gillirion and Jacob, Karl Gabberg, and Hans Kewarth, they explained the methods of research and ignored the results of linguistic research of ancient arabs in the collection of language and extrapolation, and identify the tribes that depend on it, but technological advances and the advent of computers have greatly helped the work of the digital linguistic atlas, which is distinct from the paper-based atlantic with a linguistic database, this technology also developed the method of designing linguistic atlases and accomplishing them in terms of time, effort, quality and quality, this type appeared in the early eighties in the west this is done by storing the linguistic atlas of the corsica, and then compiling the linguistic atlas in the basque region by computer. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/58 10.61850/lij.v2i2.58 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Center of Scientific and Technical Research To develop Language Arabic- Linguistic Research and Arabic Language Issues Unit in Algeria Relation A related resource https://qadaya-lugawiyat.dz/index.php/LIJ/article/view/58/50 10.61850/lij.v2i2.58.g50 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2021 CRESTDLA-URLCLAA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): September 2021(Special); 10-20 2773-2886 2773-2894 10.61850/lij.v2i2 Subject The topic of the resource Linguistic atlas ; papier atlas ;Digital atlas ;computer ; geographical atlass. Title A name given to the resource Paper and digital linguistic Atlas: theoretical Concepts Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article