1 10 73 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Journal of Arts and Humanities Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource بن خليف, سليمان Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022-11-05 Description An account of the resource تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان القوانين التأويلية التي أرسى قواعدها علماء المسلمين يوم دعت الحاجة إليها لأجل صون النص القرآني وحمايته من عبث المؤولين ممن يسعون إلى فتح أفق التأويل وتعدد دلالاته ومعانيه ، والقرآن كتاب هداية للبشرية وآخذا بها إلى سبيل الاستقامة والرشاد، والمقاصد القرآنية تنزع إلى هذا المعنى وتنحو نحو هذا المنحى، حيث وصل النص القرآني إلينا بطريق مأمون، لا تشوبه شائبة انقطاع، أواعضال، أوارسال، يرويه جماعة عن جماعة لا يمكن تواطؤهم على الكذب والتحريف، وهذا النهج الصحيح أكسب القرآن قيمة علمية لا يشكك فيها إلا مكابر حاقد، أو معاند طاعن. فأقبل الناس على النص القرآني ينهلون من معينه، ويسبرون أغوار إعجازه، فانكبوا يبحثون في غريبه ومعانيه ومشكله وإعجازه وألفاظه وتراكيبه، إلى أن ظهرت في زماننا قراءة جديدة للقرآن، فالفكر حسب تصوّرهم إرث إنساني مشاع، والبحث العلمي من حق الناس كافة، ولأن القرآن رسالة عالمية فمن حق الجميع أن يدرسه دون حدود تحدهم، أو موانع تمنعهم، هدفهم خدمة النص القرآني حسب زعمهم. والقراءة المعاصرة حداثية في نزعتها، عربية في لسانها، غربية في منا هجها وخلفياتها ومنطلقاتها، ارتكزت الهرمينوطيقا على أسس عديدة من أهمها لا نهائية المعنى، حيث توصل آليا إلى أنه لا نهائية للمعنى الذي ينتجه النص، ويكون القارئ في مهمة إبداع وإنتاج نصوص بجانب النص الأصلي، لأن كل المعاني التي تنتجها القراءات المتتابعة وتتوالد منها ليست للنص وإنما هي وليدة من قبل القرّاء، لأنّ "كل قراءة هي عملية تشريح للنص، وكل تشريح هو محاولة استكشاف وجود جديد لذلك النص.           وتأتي هذه الدراسة لتقف على بعض أهداف الانفتاح الدلالي الذي يسعى الحداثيون من خلاله إلى عدم الوقوف في النص القرآني على تحديد المعنى، بل المعاني مفتوحة لا نهائية على كل الجوانب القرآنية العقدية والعبادات والأحكام، وهو في نهاية الأمر تمييع للنص الديني في استخراج أحكامه، واخترنا في الجانب التطبيقي معالجة قضية من قضايا التشريع الإسلامي ألا وهي القوامة، لأجل الوقوف على القراءة الحداثية لها.           ويكون ذلك بالإجابة على الإشكالية الآتية: ما هو الهدف من وراء إرساء قانون للتأويل في الفكر الإسلامي؟ وما سلبيات الانفتاح الدلالي؟ مستعينين بالمنهج الوصفي التحليلي، والمنهج النقدي. This study aims to clarify the hermeneutic laws that Muslim scholars laid down their rules on the day they were needed in order to preserve and protect the Qur’anic text from the tampering of the interpreters who seek to open the horizon of interpretation and the multiplicity of its connotations and meanings. This meaning and tended towards this direction, as the Qur’anic text reached us in a safe way, without any interruption, without any interruption, or adal, or sending, narrated by a group from a group that cannot be complicit in lying and distortion. stubborn stubborn. So the people came to the Qur’anic text, drank from its specifics, and probed the depths of its miraculousness, so they searched for its strangeness, its meanings, its problem, its miraculousness, its words and its structures, until a new reading of the Qur’an appeared in our time, and because thought according to their perception is a common human heritage, and scientific research is the right of all people, and because the Qur’an is a message It is universal, so everyone has the right to study it without limits that limit them, or obstacles that prevent them. Their goal is to serve the Qur’anic text, as they claim. Contemporary reading is modern in its tendency, Arabic in its tongue, Western in its approach, backgrounds and premises. Hermeneutics was based on many foundations, the most important of which is the infinity of meaning, where he automatically concluded that the meaning produced by the text is infinite, and the reader is in the task of creating and producing texts beside the text. The original, because all the meanings produced and reproduced by successive readings are not of the text, but are generated by the readers, because “every reading is a process of dissection of the text and each dissection is an attempt to explore a new existence of that text. This study comes to stand on some of the goals of semantic openness through which modernists seek not to stop in the Qur’anic text on defining the meaning, but the meanings are open and infinite on all aspects of the Qur’anic doctrinal, worship and rulings, even Qur’anic stories, which in the end is a dilution of the religious text in Extracting its provisions and behind it the entire Islamic Sharia, and we chose, in the practical aspect, to address one of the issues of Islamic legislation, which is stewardship, in order to stand on the modernist reading of it. This is done by answering the following problem: What is the goal behind establishing a law of interpretation in Islamic thought? What are the disadvantages of semantic openness? Using the descriptive analytical method, and the critical method. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/494 10.37138/almieyar.v26i7.494 Language A language of the resource ara Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available جامعة الامير عبدالقادر للعلوم الاسلامية قسنطينة Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/494/336 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة المعيار; مجلد 26 عدد 7 (2022): v26i72022; 88-101 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 26 No. 7 (2022): v26i72022; 88-101 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 26 No 7 (2022): v26i72022; 88-101 2588-2384 1112-4377 10.37138/mieyar.v26i7 Subject The topic of the resource القانون التأويلي النص القرآني المدرسة الحداثية أفق التأويل أسس الهرمينوطيقا Hermeneutics the Qur’an text the modernist school the horizon of interpretation Title A name given to the resource النص القرآني بين القانون التأويلي والانفتاح الدلالي-قضية القوامة أنموذجا- The Qur’anic text between the hermeneutic law and semantic openness The case of qiwamat as a model Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Journal of Arts and Humanities Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource REHALA, Zahra SAIDI, Mohamed بومليحة, حياة لخشين, رضوان Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023-07-08 2022-11-05 Description An account of the resource This study focused on three-dimensional modeling of a specific tumoral process affecting the knee of a 30-year-old patient obtained by CT (computed tomography) using lower energy. To this end, we utilized the advanced digital software HOROS in conjunction with CT lower energy imaging data. The main objective of this research was to highlight the crucial importance of the CT lower energy, digital tools and 3D imaging in the medical field. The study of the results obtained highlights the intimate anatomical relationships of the tumoral process of the knee and its extension using the data obtained by the vectorial reconstruction of the series sections of the lower limb. The analysis and processing of this data clearly demonstrated the substantial contribution of technological advancements in 3D modeling to our understanding and ability to diagnose tumors. Therefore, we now have more precise, immersive, and sophisticated means to explore and understand pathological conditions. This advancement translates into a significant improvement in patient care, thus offering better prospects in terms of treatment and surgical intervention. يتناول هذا المقال الروايات التفسيرية للإسراء والمعراج والواردة في دائرة المعارف الإسلامية، تلك الدائرة التي تعتبر أضخم عمل موسوعي قام به المستشرقون وجمعوا فيه كل ما هو خاص بالتراث الإسلامي وعلومه الدينية والدنيوية. وقد وردت ثلاث روايات في الإسراء والمعراج حسب دائرة المعارف الإسلامية، أمّا تركيز المستشرقين في الدائرة فتناول الإسراء بشكل رئيسي دون المعراج، باعتبار البعد المكاني للإسراء إلى البيت المقدس ورمزية المسجد الأقصى، واعتبار البعد الإعجازي لقطع تلك المسافة الكبيرة بين المسجد الحرام والمسجد الأقصى في وقت قصير جدا يستحيل وقوع ذلك فيه حسب قياسات البشر إلا أن يكون –حسب رأي المستشرقين في دائرة المعارف الإسلامية- مناما (رؤيا) قد رآه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، واعتمادهم في تفسير الإسراء والمعراج بعض الروايات الواردة دون غيرها في نظرة انتقائية تدعم أفكارهم المشككة في صِحة ما ورد حول الإسراء والمعراج. This article deals with the interpretive narratives of Isra and Mi'raj in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. This Encyclopaedia is considered the largest work by orientalists who gathered everything related to Islamic heritage. According to it, three interpretations were mentioned in Isra and Mi'raj. The focus of orientalists in The Encyclopaedia mainly dealt with Israa, in view of the spatial symbolism of the Israa to “Al – Masjid Al-Aqsa”, plus considering the miraculous remoteness of crossing that great distance between the Masjid al-haram and Al -Aqsa in a short time. For Orientalists, this is impossible to happen, especially according to human measurements, except that if it is a dream. Actually, their dependence ,in their interpretation, on some of the received narratives and not others in a selective view really supports their skeptical ideas about the accuracy of what was stated about Isra and Mi'raj. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://cuniv-naama.dz/journal/index.php/jae/article/view/18 http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/491 10.37138/almieyar.v26i7.491 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Centre of Naama – Ahmed Salhi, Algeria جامعة الامير عبدالقادر للعلوم الاسلامية قسنطينة Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Applied Energies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of Applied Energies; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): Volume 2, Issue 1; 56-64 Journal of Applied Energies; Vol. 2 No 1 (2023): Volume 2, Issue 1; 56-64 2830-814X 10.57137/jae.v2i1 مجلة المعيار; مجلد 26 عدد 7 (2022): v26i72022; 73-87 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 26 No. 7 (2022): v26i72022; 73-87 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 26 No 7 (2022): v26i72022; 73-87 2588-2384 1112-4377 10.37138/mieyar.v26i7 Subject The topic of the resource Anatomical morphology 3D Vector modeling Tumoral process Knee. الروايات التفسيرية الإسراء والمعراج المستشرقون دائرة المعارف الإسلامية Explanatory interpretations Isra and Al-Mi'raj Orientalists The Encyclopaedia of Islam Title A name given to the resource Using TDM lower energy to exploring knee tumor morphology; a novel anatomical perspective by 3D imagery الروايات التفسيرية للإسراء والمعراج في دائرة المعارف الإسلامية -دراسة تحليلية- The interpretive narratives of Isra and Mi'raj in The Encyclopaedia of Islam Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Language A language of the resource ara Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/491/335 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Journal of Arts and Humanities Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hattingh, M. Karabaczek, V. Siemers, R. Varela, A. Liazid, A. سياسي, حسين Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023-07-08 2022-11-05 Description An account of the resource Current internal combustion engines operate mainly on hydrocarbon-based fuel in the automotive transportation field. Their CO2 emissions are inevitable because they are a combustion product and greenhouse gases responsible for global warming and climate disturbance. Hydrogen seems to be an alternative solution because its combustion does not generate greenhouse gases and it will help a longer preservation of conventional fuel reserves. This paper discusses the integration of hydrogen as alternative fuel in automotive transportation field. Issues and perspectives are considered. يتناول هذا المقال أحد أبرز الجوانب الاجتماعية التي عالجها القرآن. حيث تجلت في آياته مظاهر الرعاية والتكريم للمرأة، وارتسمت فيها معالم الجمال في نسق لغوي رائق يجمع بين جمالية التعبير والكفاية الدلالية والمعنوية، إن المرأة الرشيدة - في نظر القرآن - كالرجل الرشيد سواء بسواء؛ لكل منهما ذمة مالية مستقلة، وليس لأحد – والدا كان أم ولدا أم زوجا – أن يحجر عليها أو أن يحد من حريتها في التصرفات المالية، ومن يفعل ذلك يعرض نفسه للوعيد الذي جاء ذكره في القرآن الكريم بعد آيات المواريث.    غير أن ما يشد الانتباه في أسلوب معالجة القرآن للذمة المالية للمرأة – رغم أن النصوص التشريعية في القوانين تأتي في العادة جافة، يغلب عليها الاهتمام بالجانب الدلالي الدقيق – أن القرآن الكريم جمع بين كفاية الدلالة ودقة المعنى، مع ملاحظة الجانب الفني والجمالي. وهو وجه من أوجه الإعجاز في آيات القرآن الكريم. This article deals with one of the most prominent social aspects dealt with in the Qur'an. In its verses, manifestations of care and honor for women were manifested, and the features of beauty were embodied in a clear linguistic pattern that combines the aesthetics of expression and semantic and moral sufficiency. Each of them has an independent financial liability, and no one - be it a parent, a son, or a husband - may prohibit her or limit her freedom in financial dealings, and whoever does so exposes himself to the threat that was mentioned in the Holy Qur’an after the verses of inheritance.    However, what attracts attention in the Qur’an’s treatment of women’s financial liability - although the legislative texts in laws are usually dry, dominated by attention to the precise semantic aspect - is that the Holy Qur’an combined the adequacy of significance and accuracy of meaning, while noting the artistic and aesthetic aspect. It is one of the miracles in the verses of the Noble Qur’an. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://cuniv-naama.dz/journal/index.php/jae/article/view/17 http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/489 10.37138/almieyar.v26i7.489 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Centre of Naama – Ahmed Salhi, Algeria جامعة الامير عبدالقادر للعلوم الاسلامية قسنطينة Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Applied Energies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of Applied Energies; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): Volume 2, Issue 1; 45-55 Journal of Applied Energies; Vol. 2 No 1 (2023): Volume 2, Issue 1; 45-55 2830-814X 10.57137/jae.v2i1 مجلة المعيار; مجلد 26 عدد 7 (2022): v26i72022; 61-72 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 26 No. 7 (2022): v26i72022; 61-72 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 26 No 7 (2022): v26i72022; 61-72 2588-2384 1112-4377 10.37138/mieyar.v26i7 Subject The topic of the resource Automotive propulsion Alternative fuel Hydrogen combustion Atmospheric pollution Hydrogen storage Hydrogen properties الذِّمَّة المالية جمالية القوارير القرآن financial disclosure aesthetics bottles The Quran Title A name given to the resource Hydrogen energy for internal combustion engine, Issues and perspectives رعاية الذمة المالية للمرأة في القرآن الكريم بين جمالية التعبير والرفق بالقوارير Taking care of the financial disclosure of women in the Holy Quran Between the beauty of expression and kindness to bottles Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Language A language of the resource ara Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/489/334 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Journal of Arts and Humanities Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Laidoudi, Houssem Ameur, Houari تمزغين, محمد Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023-07-08 2022-11-05 Description An account of the resource The present work is a numerical simulation of free convection heat transfer from H-shaped cross-section placed in square container. The work is accomplished by using the commercial code ANSYS-CFX. The studied parameters were the Prandtl and Rayleigh number. The simulations were in steady and laminar regime. The ranges of the studied parameters were as: Ra = 103, 104 and 105; Pr = 0.61, 7.01, 50 and 100. The results showed the mean value of Nusselt number of H-shaped cross-section increases with increasing Rayleigh number. While it remains constant with increasing Prandtl number. انطلق البحث من إشكالية محددة هي هل يلزم جميع الناس تدبر القرآن الكريم وفهمه ؟ وكيف يمكن القيام بهذا الأمر ؟  وقد كان الدافع لذلك وجود طرفين يدعي أحدهما أن القرآن للجميع، وأنه يمكن فهمه لكل الناس، دون اعتبار لمنهج أو خطة، وطرف يظن أن القرآن قد اختص العلماء فقط بفهمه، وأن الناس غير ملزمين بالبحث عن معانيه وإدراك مغازيه. وقد تطرّق البحث إلى تعريف مفاهيم كالتدبر والفهم والتفسير، وإلى إثبات أن المنهج ضرورة في الحياة، ولابد من المنهج في فهم القرآن، ثم قدّم مقترحا لخطة يشترك فيها الناس جميعا في تدبر القرآن، باعتبار التمكن من المنهج ومعرفته، فكان العلماء المفسرون وطلبة العلم الذين يتدربون وعامة الناس الذين يسألون. مع إبراز مواصفات كل مستوى وما يلزمه من مهام في خطة تدبر القرآن الكريم. وتلك هي أبرز نتيجة للبحث بأن جمع بين تلك الأصناف في خطة واحدة، واتخذ موقفا وسطا؛ يعطي للقرآن منزلته ويحترم للعلم والمنهج مكانته. The search started from a specific problem, which is: Do all people have to understand the holy Quran?  That is because there are two different parties on this issue; one of whom claims that the Quran can be understood by all people, without regard to a method, and the second party thinks that the Quran is only for scholars to understand, and that people are not authorized to try to understand it. The research deal with defining concepts such as contemplation, understanding and interpretation, and proving that the method is necessity in life, and it must employed in understanding the Qur’an/ The research suggest a model for all to understand the holy Quran, by Highlighting the specifications of each level and the necessary requirements. The most important result of the research that it combines these levels in one plan, and it takes a proper position that gives the Quran its suitable role, and respects science methods. Keywords: understand the Quran; method; contemplation; interpretation; people levels. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://cuniv-naama.dz/journal/index.php/jae/article/view/16 http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/488 10.37138/almieyar.v26i7.488 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Centre of Naama – Ahmed Salhi, Algeria جامعة الامير عبدالقادر للعلوم الاسلامية قسنطينة Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Applied Energies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of Applied Energies; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): Volume 2, Issue 1; 36-44 Journal of Applied Energies; Vol. 2 No 1 (2023): Volume 2, Issue 1; 36-44 2830-814X 10.57137/jae.v2i1 مجلة المعيار; مجلد 26 عدد 7 (2022): v26i72022; 44-60 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 26 No. 7 (2022): v26i72022; 44-60 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 26 No 7 (2022): v26i72022; 44-60 2588-2384 1112-4377 10.37138/mieyar.v26i7 Subject The topic of the resource Heat transfer Natural convection Thermal science CFD Nusselt number فهم القرآن منهج تدبر تفسير مستويات الناس understand the Quran method contemplation interpretation people levels Title A name given to the resource Natural convection from H-shaped cross-section in square cavity: Effect of Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers مستويات الناس في فهم القرآن الكريم، نموذج مقترح People’s understanding levels of the Holy Quran. A Proposed Model Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Language A language of the resource ara Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/488/333 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Journal of Arts and Humanities Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jaouaf, Salah-Eddine Bensaad, Bourassia بولقرون, خولة Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023-07-08 2022-11-05 Description An account of the resource Energy consumption in residential buildings Algerian very high, especially during the summer season. A comprehensive approach to designing low-energy buildings reduces the size of mechanical systems to offset the additional cost of energy efficiency features. The most important thing in the building is the building envelope and the components in which it was constructed. They contribute to improving thermal comfort. Usually, the external walls are made of heavy construction to avoid drastic temperature changes and save energy. The present paper describes a modelling and simulation for a single zone building, run by using TRNSYS software. The study devoted to calculate heating/cooling loads a single-zone building model in the Wilaya of Ain Temouchent (Algeria), exposed to a hot and subhumid climate. The good comprehension of the outcomes making know what heating and cooling capacity it should use for different components when it wants to design a heating/cooling system and what the technique it should be used to damping this fluctuation between the indoor and exterior?        اللُّغَة آليَّة مِن آليَّات التَّعبير عَن المعَاني الموجُودة في النَّفس بواسِطة الألفَاظ والجرجاني يُدرك هذا المفهُوم ولهذا تَجِده يَحرص على تَتبُّع مَواطن الفَصاحة في الألفَاظ المكَوِّنة لهذه اللُّغة والوُقُوف على المعَاني البَليغة في تَراكِيبها مُكوِّنة في مُجمَلها ما يُسمَّى بالنَّظم الذي اشْتَرَط فيه تَوخي مَعاني النَّحو في الترَّكِيب مُحتَكِما في ذلك إلى مَلَكَة الذَّوق التي يَنبَغي على كلِّ لُغَويٍّ اكْتِسَابها إنْ لمْ تَكن كَائِنة فيه، مُعتَمدة في دِراسَتي هذه المنهج التَّحلِيلِي قَصْدَ بُلُوغ أهمِّ نَتيجَة وهي أنَّ النَّظم لا يَتحقَّق إلاَّ بِوُجُود عَامِلين أسَاسيَّيْن هُما امْتلاكُ اللُّغوي لِلُّغة الصَّحيحَة واكْتِسَابُه الذَّوقَ حتَّى يَتمكَّن منْ تَحلِيل الكَلام العَربيِّ الدَّقِيق وقُدرتِه على التَّفريقِ بينَ النُّظُم أيُّها أبْلَغ منَ الآخَر. Language is a mechanism for expressing the meaning in oneself by means of words, and Al-Jirjani  is aware of this concept. That is why he is keen to keep track of the terms that make up this language and to identify the eloquent meanings in its combinations making up the whole of the so-called systems in which the meaning of the structure is required and to judge the queen of taste which every linguist should acquire if not exist there Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://cuniv-naama.dz/journal/index.php/jae/article/view/15 http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/487 10.37138/almieyar.v26i7.487 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Centre of Naama – Ahmed Salhi, Algeria جامعة الامير عبدالقادر للعلوم الاسلامية قسنطينة Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Applied Energies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of Applied Energies; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): Volume 2, Issue 1; 27-35 Journal of Applied Energies; Vol. 2 No 1 (2023): Volume 2, Issue 1; 27-35 2830-814X 10.57137/jae.v2i1 مجلة المعيار; مجلد 26 عدد 7 (2022): v26i72022; 26-43 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 26 No. 7 (2022): v26i72022; 26-43 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 26 No 7 (2022): v26i72022; 26-43 2588-2384 1112-4377 10.37138/mieyar.v26i7 Subject The topic of the resource Building envelope Thermal comfort Heating Cooling loads TRNSYS Al-nazm Language Taste Jirjani النَّظم اللُّغة الذَّوق الجُرجَاني Title A name given to the resource Studying the peak loads of simple single-zone by TRNSYS آليات النظم القرآني وأثرها في تمليك اللغة واكتساب الذوق عند الجرجاني في كتابه دلائل الإعجاز The mechanisms of the Quranic systems and their impact on the ownership of language and the acquisition of taste by Abd al-Qahir al-Jarjani in his book evidence of the Agony Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Language A language of the resource ara Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/487/332 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Journal of Arts and Humanities Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bezzerrouk, Mohamed Amine Naceur, Rabie Bousmaha, Mohamed Akriche, Ahmed Hattabi, Ismail Sahel, Djamel عيساوي, عبد الغاني Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023-07-08 2022-11-05 Description An account of the resource The solar chimney is a low-temperature power station generating electricity. The most important parameterizes the value of the air velocity along the chimney. A 3D numerical model is developed to estimate and analyze various parameters of the solar chimney power plant prototype set up in Ibn Khaldoun University, Tiaret. Computational simulations have been conducted using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code COMSOL 5.2. The turbulence model k-ε was tested to present the distribution of the air flow characteristics such as the velocity, the temperature, the pressure, and the turbulence characteristics. The results were validated by comparing them with the experimental data of the prototype. The results revealed the same value of the velocity in the experimental prototype and numerical model equal 2.5 m/s, the temperature recorded (72-76) °C in the prototype and 72°C in a numerical model. The comparison between the numerical and the experimental results showed a good agreement.       يسلط المقال الضوء على مغالطات نسبة الكتب وأوهام عناوين المصنفات في التراث العربي الإسلامي، ويعدد طرائق ذلك وأهم أسبابه، ليعرِّج على التراث التفسيري الجزائري الذي يعالج فيه مسألة تأليف الإمام الداودي لتفسير القرآن الكريم في تلك المرحلة المتقدمة جدا، والذي أثبتته كثير من المراجع المعاصرة، والتي تناقلت أمر نسبته من الشيخ عبد الرحمن الجيلالي الذي اعتمد على كلام الثعالبي في تفسيره "الجواهر الحسان"، لتتم دراسة هاته المسألة والخروج بنفي هذا الحكم، ومحاولة فهم كلام الثعالبي وفهم عباراته عند نقولاته لكلام الداودي من "تفسيره" النامي في شرح الموطأ. The Article highlights the fallacies of the proportion of books and the illusions of the titles of works in Arab-Islamic heritage s interpretative heritage, which addresses the issue of Imam Daoudi's authorship of the Holy Koran at that very advanced stage. which was proven by many contemporary references, which conveyed an order attributed to Sheikh Abdul Rahman al-Jailali, who relied on the words of the alphabet in his interpretation "Al jawahir Al-hissan", to study this issue and come out by denying this judgment, and to try to understand the words of the foxy and to understand his words when conveying the word of the Daoudi from his "interpretation" in the explanation of the Mowata.. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://cuniv-naama.dz/journal/index.php/jae/article/view/14 http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/486 10.37138/almieyar.v26i7.486 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Centre of Naama – Ahmed Salhi, Algeria جامعة الامير عبدالقادر للعلوم الاسلامية قسنطينة Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Applied Energies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of Applied Energies; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): Volume 2, Issue 1; 11-26 Journal of Applied Energies; Vol. 2 No 1 (2023): Volume 2, Issue 1; 11-26 2830-814X 10.57137/jae.v2i1 مجلة المعيار; مجلد 26 عدد 7 (2022): v26i72022; 15-25 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 26 No. 7 (2022): v26i72022; 15-25 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 26 No 7 (2022): v26i72022; 15-25 2588-2384 1112-4377 10.37138/mieyar.v26i7 Subject The topic of the resource Solar chimney Temperature Experimental prototype Greenhouse effects مغالطات أوهام العناوين الداودي النِّسبة تفسير The fallacies illusions titles Daoudi's the ratio interpretation Title A name given to the resource Experimental and CFD analysis of performance of solar chimney power plant prototype مغالطات النِّسبة وأوهام العناوين في الفنون والعلوم - تفسير الإمام الداودي المسيلي أنموذجا- The fallacies of the ratio and the illusions of titles in sciences and the arts Daoudi's interpretation as an example Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Language A language of the resource ara Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/486/331 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Journal of Arts and Humanities Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Laouid, Youcef Abdellah Ayoub Kezrane, Cheikh Lasbet, Yahia سلولة, عزيزة Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023-07-08 2022-11-05 Description An account of the resource Low-grade heat from waste energy sources can be successfully recovered to produce power by an organic Rankine cycle. In the present work, reheat ORC is studied with three different wet organic fluids. The performance of R1270, R152a, and Cyclopropane is modelled in an ORC powered by a heat source temperature of 413.15K. The reheat ORC model contains an economizer, evaporator, superheater, reheater, two turbines, pump, and condensers. The net power output and thermal efficiency are estimated with variable turbine inlet temperature and reheat pressure. The results show an optimum turbine inlet temperature maximizing the net power output. The increase of reheat pressure only gives a marginal growth in the efficiency of the cycle, but it raises the net power output by about 16.88%, 16.26%, and 13.23% for R1270, R152a, and Cyclopropane, respectively. يُعد القلب المكاني من التغيرات الصرفية التي تلحق اللفظ العربي، وهذا التغيير الذي يُصيب اللفظ، لا يُؤدِّي إلى تغيّر في مدلول اللفظ وإنما هو تغيير على مستوى ترتيب حروف الكلم، وهذا بدوره يٌحقق غَرَضا يتمثل في التخفيف.           الذي يعتبر مَطْلَبا لُغويا، غير أن بعض النحاة ينفي مثل هذا التغيير أن يكون في القرآن الكريم، بخلاف نحاة آخرين قُدامى ومُحْدَثين أثبتوا وبأدلة هذا التغيير (القلب المكاني) وعدّوه ظاهرة صرفية مثلها في ذلك مثل: الإدغام، والإبدال، والإعلال، وقد تعَيَّن في كلام العرب، وفي القرآن الكريم بقراءاته المتواترة.           وهذا ما حَاول المقال تتَبُّعه في القراءات السبعية في القرآن الكريم وذلك من أجل إثبات أو نفي مَا ذهَبَ إليه هؤلاء وهؤلاء بالدليل والحجة The Metathesis is one of the morphological changes that affect the Arabic word, and this change that affect the word does not lead to a change in the meaning, but rather it is a change at the level of the arrangement of the letters of the words, and this in turn achieves the purpose of mitigation, which is a linguistic requirement, but some grammarians deny that such a change exists is in the Holy Quran, unlike other grammarians, ancient and modern, who have proven and evidenced this change (the Metathesis) and considered it a morphological phenomenon, such as: assimilation, substitution, and edification, and it was specified in the Arabs discourse, and in the Holy Quran with its frequent readings.             This is what the article tried to follow in the seven readings of the Holy Quran, in order to prove or disprove this phenomenon with evidences and arguments. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://cuniv-naama.dz/journal/index.php/jae/article/view/13 http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/485 10.37138/almieyar.v26i7.485 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Centre of Naama – Ahmed Salhi, Algeria جامعة الامير عبدالقادر للعلوم الاسلامية قسنطينة Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Applied Energies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of Applied Energies; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): Volume 2, Issue 1; 1-10 Journal of Applied Energies; Vol. 2 No 1 (2023): Volume 2, Issue 1; 1-10 2830-814X 10.57137/jae.v2i1 مجلة المعيار; مجلد 26 عدد 7 (2022): v26i72022; 1-14 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 26 No. 7 (2022): v26i72022; 1-14 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 26 No 7 (2022): v26i72022; 1-14 2588-2384 1112-4377 10.37138/mieyar.v26i7 Subject The topic of the resource Organic Rankine Cycle Net power output Thermal efficiency Reheat pressure القلب المكاني ظاهرة صرفية اللفظ المدلول القراءات السبعية التخفيف Metathesis morphological phenomenon word signification seven readings mitigation Title A name given to the resource Performance of reheat organic Rankine cycle using wet fluids القلب المكاني في القراءات السبعية The Metathesis in the seven readings Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Language A language of the resource ara Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/485/330 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Journal of Arts and Humanities Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Laidoudi, Houssem Ameur, Houari Hiouani, Sabah Ferdjioui, Meriem Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022-10-01 2023-01-15 Description An account of the resource Through this work, we want to evaluate the behavior of the fluid inside two successive chambers equipped with an opening for the fluid to enter the flow and the other for its exit. The fluid has a low temperature, while the lower wall of the two chambers has an elevated temperature. The results of this research show the effect of velocity and thermal buoyancy intensity on the flow path and thermal distribution inside the two chambers. Also, the values of Nu are computed in terms of the studied parameters.      يعتبر التحليل التبادلي شبكة ممتازة لقراءة أي علاقة إنسانية، فهو يمكننا من فك رموز سلوكات واتجاهات الأشخاص الذين نتفاعل معهم، كما يمكننا من فهم الأخطاء غير المقصودة اللفظية منها وغير اللفظية الصادرة عنهم، والتي تكون سببا في حدوث سوء فهم وصراعات بينهم.  نهدف من خلال هذا المقال إلى وصف هذه الأداة (التحليل التبادلي) كأداة تستعمل داخل القسم المدرسي، حيث تساعد المعلمين على إيجاد استراتيجيات أفضل للتعامل مع المواقف الجديدة أو الصعبة. Transactional analysis is an excellent reading grid for any relationship, it makes it possible to decipher the behaviors and attitudes of our vis-à-vis, to understand involuntary errors, verbal or non-verbal, which are at the origin of misunderstandings and conflicts that arise throughout life. This article aims to describe this tool the A.T., as a school class tool, able to help teachers to use it in their job so that they find better strategies to face new or difficult situations. . L’analyse transactionnelle constitue une excellente grille de lecture de toute relation, elle permet de décrypter les comportements et les attitudes de nos vis-à-vis, de comprendre les erreurs involontaires, verbales ou non verbales, qui sont à l'origine des incompréhensions et des conflits qui surgissent au cours de la vie. Cet article se donne pour objectif de décrire cet outil l'A.T., comme un outil de classe scolaire, capable d'aider les enseignants à l'utiliser dans leur métier afin qu'ils trouvent de meilleures stratégies pour faire face aux situations nouvelles ou difficiles. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://cuniv-naama.dz/journal/index.php/jae/article/view/11 http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/484 10.37138/almieyar.v27i1.484 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Centre of Naama – Ahmed Salhi, Algeria جامعة الامير عبدالقادر للعلوم الاسلامية قسنطينة Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Applied Energies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of Applied Energies; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): Volume 1, Issue 1; 40-48 Journal of Applied Energies; Vol. 1 No 1 (2022): Volume 1, Issue 1; 40-48 2830-814X 10.57137/jae.v1i1 مجلة المعيار; مجلد 27 عدد 1 (2023): v27i12023; 720-729 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 27 No. 1 (2023): v27i12023; 720-729 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 27 No 1 (2023): v27i12023; 720-729 2588-2384 1112-4377 10.37138/mieyar.v27i1 Subject The topic of the resource Heat transfer Successive chambers Fluid flows Thermal buoyancy Analyse transactionnelle Enseignant enseigné Eric Berne Les Etas du Moi التحليل التبادلي معلم متعلم إيريك بارن حالات الأنا Title A name given to the resource Study on the passage of a cold fluid for two successive chambers with heated lower walls التحليل التبادلي أداة للفصل الدراسي L’Analyse Transactionnelle un outil pour la classe Transactional Analysis a tool for the classroom Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Language A language of the resource eng Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/484/329 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Journal of Arts and Humanities Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Baki, Touhami Daim, Khadidja Ouldyerou, Saadia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022-10-01 2023-01-15 Description An account of the resource As part of this numerical study, we attempted to analyze the sliding and detachment of a vapor bubble after it grew on a heated plate in a convective flow. We then proceeded to simulate the sliding process and the detachment of a vapor bubble located in a channel. The fluid has a flow velocity varying from 0.4 to 1 m/s. The contact angle of the bubble with the hot wall was taken equal to 44, 54, and 64°. We followed the evolution of the time and the distance of sliding until the detachment of the bubble. The contours of temperature and the coefficient of heat transfer were also analyzed. لقد أضحى استخدام تكنولوجيا الاعلام والاتصال أمرًا حتميًا للتعامل مع التدريس الحديث لدروس الحضارة البريطانية لتحفيز طلاب اللغة الانجليزية كلغة اجنبية وكذلك لتلبية احتياجاتهم واهتماماتهم. تهدف هذه الورقة البحثية إلى دراسة واستكشاف تصورات و مواقف طلاب اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية حول تنفيذ واستخدام تكنولوجيا الاعلام  والاتصال في مقياس الحضارة البريطانية في الجامعة الجزائرية بالإضافة إلى استكشاف تأثيرات هذه الموارد الرقمية في تعزيز إنجازاتهم في سياق اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية. وبالتالي، للحصول على البيانات المطلوبة، تم إجراء مسح باستخدام استبيان لعينة من طلاب السنة الثانية LMD بجامعة معسكر. وعليه فقد أظهرت النتائج أن دمج تكنولوجيا الاعلام والاتصال في مقياس الحضارة حسّن تعلم الطلاب وحفزهم. بالإضافة الى ذلك، كشفوا عن موقف إيجابي تجاه استخداماته في هذه الدروس.    Making use of Information Communication Technologies (ICT) has become an inevitability to cope with modern teaching of British civilization courses to stimulate English as Foreign Language (EFL) students as well as to meet their needs and interests. The current research paper aims to investigate students’ perceptions and attitudes towards the implementation of ICT in British civilization courses at the Algerian university as well as to explore the impacts of these digital resources in enhancing their achievements in EFL context. Thus, to obtain the required data, a survey research was conducted where a questionnaire was anonymously administered to the 2nd year LMD student at Mascara University. The results demonstrated that the integration of ICTs in civilization courses ameliorated students’ learning and motivated them. Furthermore, they revealed a positive attitude towards its uses in these courses. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://cuniv-naama.dz/journal/index.php/jae/article/view/10 http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/482 10.37138/almieyar.v27i1.482 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Centre of Naama – Ahmed Salhi, Algeria جامعة الامير عبدالقادر للعلوم الاسلامية قسنطينة Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Applied Energies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of Applied Energies; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): Volume 1, Issue 1; 30-39 Journal of Applied Energies; Vol. 1 No 1 (2022): Volume 1, Issue 1; 30-39 2830-814X 10.57137/jae.v1i1 مجلة المعيار; مجلد 27 عدد 1 (2023): v27i12023; 707-719 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 27 No. 1 (2023): v27i12023; 707-719 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 27 No 1 (2023): v27i12023; 707-719 2588-2384 1112-4377 10.37138/mieyar.v27i1 Subject The topic of the resource Bubble Sliding Detachment Contact angle Thermal boundary layer EFL students Perceptions Attitudes ICT British Civilization طلبة اللغة الانجليزية تصورات مواقف تكنولوجيا الاعلام والاتصال مقياس الحضارة البريطانية Title A name given to the resource Flow velocity effect on the sliding and detachment of a bubble تصورات ومواقف طلاب اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية حول إدماج تكنولوجيا الاعلام والاتصال في دروس الحضارة البريطانية EFL Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes towards ICT Integration in British Civilization Courses Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Language A language of the resource eng Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/482/328 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Journal of Arts and Humanities Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Naas, Toufik Kezrane, Cheikh Lasbet, Yahia BOUDERSA , Hemza Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022-10-01 2023-01-15 Description An account of the resource Mixed convection is studied numerically to investigate the performance of the better heat transfer and also the effective cooling in a vented cylinder cavity, which is covered by two rotating discs. An external airflow enters the enclosure through an opening in the bottom vertical side and exits from another opening in the top of the opposite vertical one. The bottom disc is kept at a constant temperature, while the other sides are adiabatic. CFD code is used to solve the governing equations (continuity, momentum, and energy equations). The calculus is carried out for different values of Ri = Gr/Re² (0.1 ≤ Ri  ≤  20). Nusselt numbers, velocity and temperature profiles, and heat transfer rate are presented and compared to the literature. الهدف الأوّلي لهذا البحث هو الترّكيز على البُعد الواقعي لكّل مضامين الحرّية ومعانيها. في نفس السيّاق، تُقابَلُ كل معاني الحرّية بأخرى مضادة مثل: القيْد، الضّرورة والحتمية. تُصنِّف عدّة مراجع ومنها مؤلّف زكرياء إبراهيم الموسوم ب مشكلات فلسفية: إشكالية الحرية، الحريّة إلى نوعين: حريّة التصميم وحرّية التنفيذ. تشير هﺫە الورقة البحثية الى إشكالية الحرّية وفقدانها مع الإشارة الى المدارس المدافعة/ الداحضة لكلّ فِكْر مع الإشارة الى إشكالية المواطنة من حيث أنّها مشجّع على عملية التّحرر أو داحض للحرية من أصلها. تكشف نتائج البحث وتؤكد على أنّ واقعية الطّرح الفلسفي تتطلّب اعتبار الحريّة عملية تحرّر داخلي وخارجي مستّمر وليس منتوج نفسي جاهز أو مُجهّز. تركّز الورقة البحثية مع التّوصية على دور الترّبية المهّم في عملية التّحرر بكل أبعاده وأطيافه. The primary objective of this research is to focus on the realistic dimensions of all the insights and meanings of freedom. In the same respect, some countermeasures, namely constraints, necessities, and determinism encounter all meanings of freedom in a way or another. Many references, namely ZAKARIYA Ibrahim’s book Philosophical Issues: the Problem of Freedom classified freedom into two types: (1) Freedom of Planning and (2) Freedom of doing or acting. The issue of freedom revolves as well around two visions: Freedom Affirmers (defenders) and Freedom Refuters with reference to the extent to which citizenship is either liberation booster or freedom constrainer. Findings of the paper reveal initially the freedom is a continuous process to achieve, not a final product attain.   Education plays/recommended to play a great role in promoting the process of emancipation in all its multidimensional prisms or perspectives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://cuniv-naama.dz/journal/index.php/jae/article/view/9 http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/479 10.37138/almieyar.v27i1.479 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Centre of Naama – Ahmed Salhi, Algeria جامعة الامير عبدالقادر للعلوم الاسلامية قسنطينة Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Applied Energies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of Applied Energies; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): Volume 1, Issue 1; 20-29 Journal of Applied Energies; Vol. 1 No 1 (2022): Volume 1, Issue 1; 20-29 2830-814X 10.57137/jae.v1i1 مجلة المعيار; مجلد 27 عدد 1 (2023): v27i12023; 695-706 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 27 No. 1 (2023): v27i12023; 695-706 Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 27 No 1 (2023): v27i12023; 695-706 2588-2384 1112-4377 10.37138/mieyar.v27i1 Subject The topic of the resource Mixed convection Cooling Nusselt numbers Richardson number Citizenship Freedom Liberation Post-modernism Algeria المواطنة الحرّية التّحرر ما بعد الحداثة الجزائر Title A name given to the resource Cooling and heat transfer efficiency of a Newtonian fluid in a vented duct المواطنة وإشكالية الحرّية والتّحرر في مرحلة ما بعد الحداثة. (إشارة خاصة لحالة الجزائر) Citizenship and the Idea of Freedom/ Liberation in the Post-modern Period (A Particular Reference to Algeria) Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Language A language of the resource eng Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/479/327