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                <text>BENOUMELDJADJ, Maya</text>
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                <text>Alami, Dominique Desjeux, Isabelle Garabuau constitue un condensé de connaissances scientifiques sur les méthodes qualitatives, Bien que centré sur une variété d’enquêtes appliquées de terrain, l'ouvrage relate le fruit d’une recherche menée par trois chercheurs abordant la liaison entre l’exploration méthodologique, la découverte intellectuelle et le passage à l’action.
Trois objectifs tracés dans cet ouvrage ; le premier est de fournir une aide aux sociologues et anthropologues pour un triptyque : temps, budget et méthode, le second objectif est d’apprendre la réalisation d’une enquête suite à la demande du client, et le troisième objectif est d’apprendre à mobiliser les techniques de recueils des différents types d’informations.
Les demandes institutionnelles et celles des entreprises ont nourri l’idée de consommation en masse, après les études quantitatives, une étude qualitative est apparue en France à la fin des années 1980.
Les enquêtes qualitatives permettaient d’appréhender plus finement l’écart entre la parole, la pensée et l’acte des consommateurs, elles sont mobilisées comme méthodes exploratoires d’un phénomène social émergent une nouvelle technologie, un usage sociétal innovant.
En revanche, la pertinence des méthodes qualitatives diminue là où augmentent celles des approches quantitatives. La méthode est plus ou moins fiable, valide ou pertinente, tout en dépendant des contraintes d’observation rencontrées dans la réalité. Se positionner sur une échelle d’observation permet de préciser le type de résultats que l’on peut produire et aussi selon l’échelle que l’on choisit ; microsociale, méso sociale, ou micro-individuelle.
 
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                <text>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; إن الصحة والمرض لا يرتبطان بالعوامل البيولوجية فحسب، وإنما يرتبطان أيضا بثقافة المجتمع والسلوك الغذائي الذي يستند إلى هذه الثقافة، وارتباطه بالتغيرات الحاصلة في أسلوب الحياة، نتيجة التقدم الحاصل في المجتمعات، &amp;nbsp;فالمرض وعلاجه مجرد عمليات بيولوجية في ظاهرها، أما المسالة الحقيقية تكمن في معرفة هذه الأمراض وأسبابها وكيفية انتشارها وطرق معالجتها والوقاية منها، ولأجل هذا جاءت هذه المداخلة لتوضح أكثر الأمراض انتشارا في المجتمعات نتيجة الثقافة الغذائية، وأسلوب الحياة المعاصرة.</text>
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                <text>health and disease aren't linked only by biological factors, but they are also linked by the community culture and their food behavior based on this culture, and its association with the changes in the lifestyle, as a result of the progress in societies, &amp;nbsp;the disease &amp;nbsp;and his treatment are just biological processes in appearance,
As for the real issue lies in knowing these diseases and their causes and how it spreads and ways to treat and prevent it , and for this intervention came to clarify the most prevalent diseases in societies as a result of the nutritional culture and contemporary lifestyle</text>
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                <text>URBAN ART BIO; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022); 106-108</text>
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                <text>URBAN ART BIO; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): Varia; 106-108</text>
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                <text>مجلة المعيار; مجلد 27 عدد 1 (2023): v27i12023; 109-120</text>
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                <text>Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 27 No. 1 (2023): v27i12023; 109-120</text>
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                <text>Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 27 No 1 (2023): v27i12023; 109-120</text>
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                <text>méthodes</text>
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                <text>Sophie Alami, Dominique Desjeux, Isabelle Garabuau Moussaoui. Les méthodes qualitatives.ISBN 978-2-13-081715-4.  Édition 2019, 123p.</text>
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                <text>الثقافة الغذائية المستدامة لمجتمع يتمتع بصحة جيدة</text>
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                <text>Sustainable food culture for a healthy community</text>
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                <text>Conptes rendus (Recensions)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26296">
                <text>ABADA/ARZOUR, Rofia</text>
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                <text>عماري , خيرة</text>
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                <text>2022-04-17</text>
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                <text>Cet article vise à comprendre le concept du Cluster dans le monde, ainsi que son évolution spatio-temporelle, actuellement il représente un terme séduisant qui devient au fil des années de plus en plus en vogue. Face à une compétition croissante entre les pays, les régions, et voire même les territoires&amp;nbsp;; ce positionnement oblige ces derniers à s’adapter à une mondialisation croissante, envahissante et surtout porteuse d’opportunités et d’incertitudes. Les études sur les clusters ont démontrés qu’ils recouvrent une réalité hétérogène, que ce soit par rapport à leurs éléments constructifs, ou par rapport à la concrétisation de leurs objectifs. Considéré comme un élément phare de la compétitivité des régions ils se généralisent comme un nouveau mode d’action publique, afin de réunir dans un même réseau des Entreprises, des Centres de Recherche ainsi que des Universités, et mettre les nécessaires infrastructures à leurs services.</text>
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                <text>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;يتناول هذا المقال موضوع &amp;nbsp;آلية قراءة أعمال الفيلسوف&amp;nbsp; نيتشه التي&amp;nbsp; تعيدنا إلى سؤال&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; البدء كيف كان يكتب نيتشه ؟ أين تتجاوز الكتابة حدودها اللغوية اللسانية الأدبية التواصلية&amp;nbsp; لتصبح الشذرات &amp;nbsp;فعل حيوي&amp;nbsp; ينبض بكل ما تنبض به الحياة : ألم قلق&amp;nbsp; موت فرح حب غضب &amp;nbsp;....
تستدعي هذه النقلة الحيوية لفعل لكتابة &amp;nbsp;عند نيتشه &amp;nbsp;نقلة حيوية أخرى تتِّم على مستوى القارئ لأعماله&amp;nbsp; الذي لا ينتظر أن يطّلع على متن مكتوب بقدر ما هو مطالب بأن ينخرط في لعبة الحياة التي ينبض بها النص النيتشوي&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;This article deals with the subject of the mechanism of reading the works of the philosopher Nietzsche, which brings us back to the starting question: How did Nietzsche write? Where does writing transcend its linguistic, linguistic, literary, and communicative limits, so that fragments become a vital act that beats with everything that life beats: pain, anxiety, death, joy, love, anger....
This vital shift of Nietzsche's writing act calls for another vital shift that takes place at the level of the reader of his works, who does not expect to be acquainted with a written board as much as he is required to engage in the game of life in which the Nietzsche an text beats.</text>
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                <text>http://ajpsdz.org/rv/index.php/uab/article/view/23</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26305">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 URBAN ART BIO</text>
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                <text>URBAN ART BIO; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): Premier numéro "Varia", Revue académique, Urban Art Bio ; 45-55</text>
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                <text>URBAN ART BIO; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): Premier numéro "Varia", Revue académique, Urban Art Bio ; 45-55</text>
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                <text>مجلة المعيار; مجلد 27 عدد 1 (2023): v27i12023; 93-108</text>
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                <text>Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 27 No. 1 (2023): v27i12023; 93-108</text>
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                <text>Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 27 No 1 (2023): v27i12023; 93-108</text>
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                <text>Cluster</text>
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                <text>compétitivité</text>
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                <text>réseau</text>
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                <text>نيتشه</text>
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                <text>الكتابة</text>
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                <text>الأسلوب</text>
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                <text>القراءة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156905">
                <text>الشذرات</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156906">
                <text>الحياة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156907">
                <text>Nietzsche</text>
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                <text>writing</text>
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                <text>style</text>
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                <text>reading</text>
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                <text>nuggets</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156912">
                <text>life</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26316">
                <text>LE CLUSTER DANS TOUS SES ÉTATS.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156913">
                <text>كيف نَقرأ نيتشه؟ أوكيف يَكتب  نيتشه؟</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156914">
                <text>How do we read Nietzsche?  Or  How does Nietzsche write?</text>
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                <text>Articles</text>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text> Journal of Arts and Humanities</text>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26270">
                <text>FOURA/ NAIMI, Sarra</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156857">
                <text>حوباد , أحمد</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2022-04-17</text>
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                <text>2023-01-15</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Dans les années 1990, des notions phares ont vu le jour en France et dans la majorité des pays Européens, telles que le projet urbain qui a fait couler beaucoup d’encre à travers d’innombrables études, recherches et publications, mais aussi par sa concrétisation ainsi que les principes qu’il prône dans beaucoup de grandes villes, et bien que le projet urbain ait grandement participé à leur essor, l’engouement dont il a fait l’objet n’a pas fait long feu.
L’autre notion majeure, c’est le «&amp;nbsp;développement durable&amp;nbsp;», dont l’ampleur est beaucoup plus large et dont les enjeux sont plus importants car il véhicule des préoccupations inhérentes à l’environnement, et à l’avenir de la planète et des générations futures.
L’enthousiasme autour de cette notion est tel qu’il en a généré une multitude de dérivées.&amp;nbsp; En outre, en quelques années, du projet urbain et développement durable et de l’urbanisme durable on est passé à la ville durable et au quartier durable, à l’éco urbanisme, à l’éco quartier, à l’éco architecture, à l’écodéveloppement, à l’éco construction,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; et aujourd’hui on parle même d’éco techniques, écolabels, éco budgets, éco profits etc.
Aujourd’hui avec la suprématie des NTIC (Nouvelles technologies d’information et de communication) dans les pays développés mais aussi en voie de développement,&amp;nbsp; c’est au tour de la « smart city » de prendre la tête des réflexions urbanistiques.&amp;nbsp; Écologique, connectée, adaptée au fort développement urbain : cette nouvelle utopie de la ville du futur est pleine de promesses ! On fantasme sur la « Smart City », « ville intelligente » qui consiste globalement en l’optimisation des coûts, de l’organisation, du bien-être des habitants et de leurs modes de vie, de la mobilité, de la gouvernance…
Cependant qu’en est-il dans nos pays africains et plus particulièrement en Algérie ? Peut-on appliquer les critères de ces notions, adaptables dans un des contextes urbains où l’urbanisation en Europe est presque achevée, alors qu’elle est galopante dans les pays du Sud, ce qui réclame et réclamera un grand effort dans la construction de logements, d'équipements collectifs et diverses infrastructures dans les villes pour satisfaire cette population urbaine croissante ? Peut-on appliquer ces solutions utopiques là où l’urgence de la quantité prime sur la qualité et où la périurbanisation continue à entraîner l'étalement urbain et l'absence d'une politique d'urbanisme volontariste créant davantage des problèmes de prolifération de l'habitat illicite et spontané ?
En effet, étant donné que les concepts de projet urbain et de développement durable peinent à trouver une place au sein de politiques urbaines centrées et basées sur des instruments dépassés et caduques. , il est difficile d’aborder la&amp;nbsp; « Smart City » là où son fondement même que sont les NTIC, ne sont pas complétement assimilés ni bien installés. Effectivement bien qu’en Algérie ces nouvelles technologies soient en pleine expansion, il reste que leur élément le plus fort qu’est l’e-payement en est toujours à un timide début.
Notre communication portera sur la mise en évidence du contexte urbanistique Algérien, à fin d’établir les obstacles à la faisabilité d’une smart city algérienne, et les éventuelles possibilités de concrétisation de ses critères fondamentaux à travers des recommandations.&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156859">
                <text>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;استطاعت الحركات العالمية الحديثة التأثير على تشريعات الدول المسلمة من خلال اتفاقيات (سيداو أنموذجا) تحمل معاني فضفاضة &amp;nbsp;لقيم كالمساواة والعدل، ساهمت في تردي المجتمعات عوض النهوض بها، نتيجة قيامها على قيم ومبادئ غربية عن القيم والمبادئ الإسلامية.
فما الفرق بين المساواة في الإسلام، والمساواة التي تتبناها الحركات العالمية الحديثة؟ وما مدى تأثير تلك الاتفاقيات على تشريعات الدول المسلمة من خلال تلك المفاهيم؟
وتكمن أهمية البحث في تسليطه الضوء على حتمية ضبط المفاهيم، وأثر تطبيق المفاهيم الغربية (المساواة أنموذجا) على بعض تشريعات الدول الإسلامية.
وخلص الباحث إلى أن الحركات العالمية الحديثة استطاعت التأثير على بعض التشريعات من خلال الاتفاقيات، إلا أنها جآءت دخيلة على المجتمع الجزائري، نتيجة التباين في ضبط المفاهيم.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156860">
                <text>&amp;nbsp;Modern global movements were able to influence the legislation of Muslim States through agreements holding grandiloquent meanings for values&amp;nbsp; such as equality and jestice&amp;nbsp; which have contributed to deteriorating societies instead of advancing them. This was due to the fact that they carried western values and principles that are totally different fom the Islamic ones.
What is the difference between equality in islam and the equality espoused by modern global movements? and what is the extent of the impact of those agreements on the legislation of muslim countries?
The importance of the research lies in shedding light on the inevitability of controlling concepts, and the impact of the application of Western concepts (equality as a model) on some legislations of Islamic countries.
The researcher concluded that the modern global movements were able to influence some legislations through agreements, but they were foreign to Algerian society, as a result of the discrepancy in controlling concepts.</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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                <text>http://ajpsdz.org/rv/index.php/uab/article/view/22</text>
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                <text>10.35788/uab.v1i1.22</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156861">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/365</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156862">
                <text>10.37138/almieyar.v27i1.365</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26276">
                <text>eng</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156863">
                <text>ara</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26277">
                <text>AJPS  Publications Algeria</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156864">
                <text>جامعة الامير عبدالقادر للعلوم الاسلامية قسنطينة</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26278">
                <text>http://ajpsdz.org/rv/index.php/uab/article/view/22/7</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156865">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/365/236</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26279">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 URBAN ART BIO</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="26280">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156866">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26281">
                <text>URBAN ART BIO; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): Premier numéro "Varia", Revue académique, Urban Art Bio ; 33-44</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="26282">
                <text>URBAN ART BIO; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): Premier numéro "Varia", Revue académique, Urban Art Bio ; 33-44</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="26283">
                <text>2830-9618</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="26284">
                <text>10.35788/uab.v1i1</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156867">
                <text>مجلة المعيار; مجلد 27 عدد 1 (2023): v27i12023; 75-92</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156868">
                <text>Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 27 No. 1 (2023): v27i12023; 75-92</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156869">
                <text>Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 27 No 1 (2023): v27i12023; 75-92</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156870">
                <text>2588-2384</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156871">
                <text>1112-4377</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156872">
                <text>10.37138/mieyar.v27i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26285">
                <text>Smart city</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="26286">
                <text>ville intelligente</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="26287">
                <text>développement durable</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="26288">
                <text>NTIC</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="26289">
                <text>contexte urbanistique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="26290">
                <text>projet urbain</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156873">
                <text>CEDAW</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156874">
                <text>The fair equality</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156875">
                <text>Absolute</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156876">
                <text>Legislation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156877">
                <text>سيداو</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156878">
                <text>المساواة العادلة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156879">
                <text>المطلقة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156880">
                <text>التشريعات</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26291">
                <text>LA « SMART CITY » : RÉALITE OU UTOPIE DANS L’AMÉLIORATION DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT URBAIN DES VILLES ALGÉRIENNES ?</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156881">
                <text>المساواة العادلة والمساواة المطلقة : تأثيرات معاهدة 'سيداو' أنموذجا</text>
              </elementText>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26292">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="26293">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26294">
                <text>Articles</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="26295">
                <text>Articles</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156882">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156883">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10272">
                  <text> Journal of Arts and Humanities</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="155819">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26243">
                <text>HAMDANI, Aziz</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="26244">
                <text>ABADA  ARZOUR, Rofia</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156825">
                <text>شماخي, موسى إسماعيل</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26245">
                <text>2022-04-17</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156826">
                <text>2023-01-15</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26246">
                <text>L’avènement et l’essor de la géomatique ou le SIG, comme outil d’aide à la décision, ont promu considérablement et rendu plus pertinente la conception des projets urbanistiques mais aussi ont rendu plus cohérent le processus conceptuel et décisionnel. C’est grâce à la possibilité offerte par la géomatique, appliquée à toutes les géosciences et les sciences géographique, qu’il est devenu facile de &amp;nbsp;réunir simultanément et pratiquement de façon intégrée, tous les éléments se rapportant à un territoire géographique. Les nouvelles techniques se proposent au moment où les territoires sont confrontés à
des problèmes majeurs notamment d’ordres environnementaux et économiques, mais aussi d’ordres sociétaux.
Dans le présent article, nous avons présenté les aspects avantageux de la mise en œuvre du SIG dans les études des projets d’urbanisme et leurs impacts environnementaux, d’autre part, nous avons montré dans quel stade du processus conceptuel et décisionnel il est sollicité. Il est clairement conclu que le SIG s’affirme de plus en en plus comme solution incontournable pour la réussite d’un projet d’aménagement du territoire dans son intégrité et en urbanisme particulièrement.
Un exemple illustratif est présenté dans ce travail montrant les possibilités de la géomatique, il porte sur un bassin versant qui fait, aujourd’hui, l’une des meilleures illustrations d’un territoire affecté par une urbanisation non maîtrisée de tout le territoire d’Algérie, il s’agit du bassin versant de Oued Agrioun dans la région de Kherrata (Algérie tellienne).</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156827">
                <text>لقد حاولت من خلال دراستي البسيطة هاته، تسليط الضوء على ممارسات الأفراد كأنساق وأجزاء من جماعات متعددة، وقد حاولت التركيز على&amp;nbsp; بعض الجماعات التي حددها نزولي الإمبريقي، واتضح لي بأنها تساهم بشكل كبير في سقل تصورات الأفراد وممارساتهم، وقد لاحظت أن كثيرا من الانتماءات والولاءات تؤدي إلى السلوك المنحرف وغير السوي، فيسيئ بذلك الجزء إلى الكل ويخدش سمعته، وقد توصلت دراستي إلى ترتيب هاته الولاءات وما ينجر عنها من ممارسات إلى ثلاث مستويات:
- أن انتماءنا للقبيلة والعرش إذا انحرف عن العقل والحكمة، فسيسيئ لا محالة إلى عرش الانتماء.
- أن انتماءنا إلى المناطق المختلفة من جزائرنا الشاسعة لا يحقق التنوع المنشود، إذا كان منطلقه الجهوية واحتقار الآخر الغريب ونعته بالنعوت والأوصاف غير اللائقة.
- أن انتماءنا للطائفة الدينية سيزيغ عن الحق وعما جاءت به الشريعة المحمدية، إذا خرج عن حدود الاختلاف المحمود إلى دائرة الخلاف المذموم.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156828">
                <text>I have tried, through this simple study, to shed light on the practices of individuals as systems and parts of multiple groups, and i have dealt on some of the groups identified by field research, and it became clear to me that it contributes to the shaping, and building of individuals' perceptions and practices, and i have noticed that many affiliations and loyalties lead this leads to deviant and abnormal behavior, my study has identified three levels of group affiliation:
- The deviation of affiliation to the tribe and the throne from reason and wisdom, get hurt the individual and the group.
- Our belonging to the different regions of our vast Algeria does not achieve the desired diversity, if it is based on regionalism.
-&amp;nbsp; will deviate belonging religious about the muhammadan sharia brought, if it goes beyond the limit of praiseworthy difference, to the circle of passive disagreement.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 URBAN ART BIO</text>
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                <text>URBAN ART BIO; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): Premier numéro "Varia", Revue académique, Urban Art Bio ; 23-32</text>
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                <text>Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 27 No. 1 (2023): v27i12023; 64-74</text>
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                <text>Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 27 No 1 (2023): v27i12023; 64-74</text>
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                <text>Géomatique</text>
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                <text>géosciences</text>
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                <text>LA GEOMATIQUE POUR AIDER DANS LE SUIVI ET L’ANALYSE DES PROJETS URBANISTIQUES ET LEURS IMPACTS SUR L’ENVIRONNEMENT, APPLICATION SUR LE BASSIN VERSANT D’IGHIL EMDA (ALGERIE)</text>
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                <text>الولاء للجماعة وانعكاساته السلبية على سلوك الأفراد في مجتمعنا الجزائري:  نظرة أنثروبولوجية</text>
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                  <text> Journal of Arts and Humanities</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26214">
                <text>FOURA, Mohamed</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156794">
                <text>حقـاين, جمعـــــة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26215">
                <text>2022-04-17</text>
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                <text>2023-01-15</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26216">
                <text>Cet essai est une modeste contribution qui a pour objectif de lier l’urbanistique à l’économique. &amp;nbsp;Théoriquement, le développement local est un concept qui doit conduire à la création par les collectivités locales de leurs propres richesses. Partant du constat que chaque région dispose de spécificités et d’atouts, il est désormais recommandé aux municipalités de chercher des alternatives pour remplir les caisses de leurs communes. Les domaines traditionnels concernés par le développement local sont l’agriculture, l’industrie locale, l’artisanat, le commerce, le tourisme local et d’autres.
Un autre domaine qui a la capacité d’impulser le développement local, c’est la prise en considération d’une gestion pragmatique de l’urbanisme, du foncier, de l’immobilier et du renouvellement urbain. Dans certains pays, les projets urbains réalisés dans le cadre d’un renouvellement urbain ou autre ont contribués à dynamiser l’économie locale loin de la dépendance de l’État central et de la situation de rente. En effet, une prise en charge par la collectivité elle-même du développement urbain peut offrir une multitude d’opportunités dans les zones situées dans les centres urbains. De ce fait, le renouvellement urbain peut constituer une dynamique économique considérable. En effet, le renouvellement urbain peut être considéré comme un des piliers du développement local dans l’optique de reconstruire le tissu urbain tout en gardant l’initiative sur par exemple l’urbanisme commercial dans les centres urbains qui tend à être contrôlé par les acteurs de l’informel.
&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; يتفق الجميع أن نصوص أركون تحمل نقودا لاذعة للمنظومة الاستشراقية وهو يروم من خلالها نقد العقل&amp;nbsp; الإسلامي وفق منهجية جديدة، تتجاوز نواقص من سبقه، وبذلك يفتح أركون أمام الباحث العربي، أفقا انتظاريا أوسع بكثير مما صنعته المصادرات الاستشراقية خلال العهود السابقة.
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; وعليه تسعى هذه الورقة البحثية إلى معالجة موقف أركون من الاستشراق والبحث في مدى نجاحه في بناء رؤيا إسلامية ومنهج موضوعي يناقش الاستشراق بشكل علمي هادئ، بعيدا عن أي تشنج أو تحيز، بتقديم نقد مزدوج لكل من الممارسة التاريخية الإسلامية السلبية في كثير من مواقفها التاريخية، وكذلك الاستشراق الذي تبنى موقفا مسبقا من الحضارة الإسلامية والشرق عموما مستقا من المرجعيات السابقة.</text>
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                <text>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Everyone agrees that Arkoun’s texts bear sharp criticism of the Orientalist system, through which he aims to criticize the Islamic mind according to a new methodology that transcends the shortcomings of those who preceded him.
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Accordingly, this research paper seeks to address Arkoun’s position on Orientalism and research the extent of his success in building an Islamic vision and an objective approach that discusses Orientalism in a calm scientific manner, away from any tension or prejudice, by presenting a double criticism of each of the negative Islamic historical practice in many of its historical positions, as well as Orientalism, which adopted a prior position on Islamic civilization and the East in general, was drawn from previous references.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>http://ajpsdz.org/rv/index.php/uab/article/view/20</text>
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                <text>10.35788/uab.v1i1.20</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/363</text>
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                <text>10.37138/almieyar.v27i1.363</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26220">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156800">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26221">
                <text>AJPS  Publications Algeria</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156801">
                <text>جامعة الامير عبدالقادر للعلوم الاسلامية قسنطينة</text>
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                <text>http://ajpsdz.org/rv/index.php/uab/article/view/20/5</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/363/234</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26223">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 URBAN ART BIO</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26224">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26225">
                <text>URBAN ART BIO; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): Premier numéro "Varia", Revue académique, Urban Art Bio ; 7-22</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26226">
                <text>URBAN ART BIO; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): Premier numéro "Varia", Revue académique, Urban Art Bio ; 7-22</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26227">
                <text>2830-9618</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26228">
                <text>10.35788/uab.v1i1</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156804">
                <text>مجلة المعيار; مجلد 27 عدد 1 (2023): v27i12023; 51-63</text>
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                <text>Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 27 No. 1 (2023): v27i12023; 51-63</text>
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                <text>Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 27 No 1 (2023): v27i12023; 51-63</text>
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                <text>2588-2384</text>
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                <text>10.37138/mieyar.v27i1</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26229">
                <text>Renouvellement urbain</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26230">
                <text>développement local</text>
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                <text>projet urbain</text>
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                <text>foncier</text>
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                <text>instruments d'urbanisme</text>
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                <text>reconstruction</text>
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                <text>revitalisation</text>
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                <text>patrimoine</text>
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                <text>recyclage</text>
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                <text>Orientalism</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156811">
                <text>applied Islamism</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156812">
                <text>integration</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156813">
                <text>ideology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156814">
                <text>dogmatism</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156815">
                <text>الاستشراق</text>
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                <text>الإسلاميات التطبيقية</text>
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                <text>الاندماج</text>
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                <text>الأيديولوجيا</text>
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                <text>الدوغمائية</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>PERSPECTIVES ET ENJEUX DE L’URBANISME DANS LE DEVELOPPEMENT LOCAL ; ATOUTS DU FONCIER, DE L’IMMOBILIER, ET DU RENOUVELLEMENT URBAIN.</text>
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                <text>الوعي الاستشراقي عند أركون  مقاربة تفكيكية</text>
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                <text>Arkoun's Orientalist Consciousness: A Deconstructive Approach</text>
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                <text>Articles</text>
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                <text>Articles</text>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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                  <text> Journal of Arts and Humanities</text>
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                <text>PAQUOT, Thierry</text>
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                <text>شاوش, العيدي</text>
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                <text>Nous avons eu honneur de recevoir cet article de Thierry PAQUOT (2021), «&amp;nbsp;Ménager le ménagement&amp;nbsp;», publication originale dans&amp;nbsp;Topophile, l’ami·e des lieux – La revue des espaces heureux&amp;nbsp;[revue électronique et libre d’accès], le 13 juin 2021 :&amp;nbsp;https://topophile.net/savoir/menager-le-menagement/
Nous sommes heureux et ravie d’avoir eu l’acceptation et l’autorisation de la part de l’auteur Thierry PAQUOT, et du responsable de la revue TOPOPHILE Martin PAQUOT pour republier cet article&amp;nbsp; dans notre revue académique Urban Art Bio.</text>
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                <text>&amp;nbsp; الكيل والوزن معايير لضبط الحقوق والواجبات وبناء الحضارة الإنسانية ، اعتنى الشرع بهما عناية خاصة ، لأن الكون كله ، والحياة بأجمعها قائمة على الميزان ، ولكن الناس لغلبة الجهل عليهم وعدم تقدير العواقب المترتبة على التلاعب بالمكيال والميزان راحوا يطففون ويبخسون ويخسرون في شتى المجالات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والعلمية والسياسية والخدماتية ...، فهلكت بسبب ذلك أقوام وأمم ، فكانوا عبرة لمن يعتبر، &amp;nbsp;ولما كانت سنّة الله واحدة في الناس أجمعين، وكان القدر الأعلى لهم بالمرصاد في الحال أو المآل، وفي الدنيا كما في الآخرة. فكان لزاما معرفة بعض الأمور الهامة المتعلقة بنظرية المكيال والميزان في ضوء المفاهيم الشرعية ، والقيم التي تحكمهما وبيان عاقبة التلاعب بهذه المعايير ، وهو مضمون هذا المقال.</text>
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                <text>Measure and weight are criteria for controlling rights and duties and building human civilization, which Sharia took special care of, because the whole universe, and all life is based on the scale, but people because ignorance prevails over them and the lack of appreciation of the consequences of manipulating the measure and the balance have been floating, underestimating and losing in various economic, social, scientific, political and service fields... Because of that, people and nations perished, and they were an example to those who are considered, and since the Sunnah of Allah is one in all people, and the highest destiny was for them in the spot or in the future, and in this world as in the hereafter. It was necessary to know some important matters related to the theory of measure and balance in the light of the legal concepts, the values that govern them and the statement of the consequence of manipulating these standards, which is the content of this article.</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2022 URBAN ART BIO</text>
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                <text>URBAN ART BIO; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): Premier numéro "Varia", Revue académique, Urban Art Bio ; 1-6</text>
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                <text>ménager</text>
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                <text>management</text>
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                <text>ville</text>
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                <text>territoire</text>
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                <text>المكيال</text>
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                <text>الميزان</text>
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                <text>الإسلام</text>
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                <text>التطفيف</text>
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                <text>الإيفاء</text>
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                <text>Measure</text>
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                <text>Libra</text>
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                <text>Islam</text>
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                <text>Minimalism</text>
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                <text>Fulfillment</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>MÉNAGER LE MÉNAGEMENT...</text>
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                <text>نظام الكيل والميزان في في ضوء المفاهيم  والقيم الإسلامية</text>
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                <text>The system of measure and balance in the light of Islamic concepts and values</text>
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                  <text> Journal of Arts and Humanities</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26161">
                <text>Meddouh, Kaouthar</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26162">
                <text>Kahoul, A.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26163">
                <text>Daoudi, S.</text>
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                <text>Sampaio, J.M.</text>
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                <text>Marques, J.P.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26166">
                <text>Parente, F.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26167">
                <text>Hamidani, A.</text>
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                <text>Aylikci, N.Kup</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26169">
                <text>Aylikci, V.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26170">
                <text>Kasri, Y.</text>
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                <text>شويط, سلمى</text>
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                <text>سناني, عبد الكريم</text>
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                <text>The lanthanides comprise the largest naturally occurring group in theperiodic table, the &amp;amp;quot;rare earth elements&amp;amp;quot; which group the fourteenelements from 58Ce to 71Lu, which are also electropositive andreactive metals, except for yttrium. The researchers used theseelements and calculated the yield of fluorescence (ω L1 ) by theoretical,experimental and analytical methods due to the large number of theirapplications in various fields of physical chemistry and medical
research. In the present work, all the experimental L 1 sub-shellfluorescence yields taken from distinctive sources are studied. Adetailed analysis of these data, and a table with weighted average values(ω L1W ) of these parameters are presented. New recommended values (ω WR ) areobtained dividing the experimental ratios (ω exp ) by the weighted ratios(ω W ) and removing out-of-range values (less than 0.8 or greater than1.2). At that point, new values of average fluorescence yields werededuced using an interpolation that involves the well-known analyticalfunction as function of the atomic number Z, and then semi-empiricaldata were deduced by fitting the ratio , for the three shells. Acomparison was made with other theoretical, experimental, andempirical values reported in the literature. An evident correlation wasobserved between our result and other works.
&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>تحاول هذه المداخلة الكشف عن مواطن الالتقاء أو التداخل أو حتى التقاطع المعرفي بين علم التداولية الذي ظهر في العصر الحديث و الذي يُعنى بدراسة اللغة أثناء الاستعمال، وعلم الكلام الذي يضرب بجذوره في التراث العربي الإسلامي ويمثل أحد أهم العلوم العقلية التي فرضت وجودها في ساحة الفكر-عموما-وذلك من خلال التعرض لنموذج "المناظرة" الذي تجسد حديثا في الدرس التداولي بوصفه شكلا من أشكال الحوار الحجاجي، كما كان هذا النموذج الأمثل و الأهم في علم الكلام لأنه يُعَدُ أهم الوسائل التي يُدافع من خلالها عن المسائل الدينية والعقدية، كما يروم هذا الطرح إلى ذلك النوع من التكامل المعرفي الذي تتأسس عليه علوم عدة سواء من حيث الآليات أو من المناهج أم حيث الدراسة.</text>
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                <text>This study attempts to reveal the points of convergence, overlap or even the intersection of knowledge between the deliberative science that emerged in the modern era, which deals with the study of language in use, and the theology, which is rooted in the Arab-Islamic heritage and represents one of the most important mental sciences that have been imposed in the arena of thought. Generally, through exposure to the model of "debate", which was recently embodied in the deliberative lesson as a form of pilgrim dialogue, and was the ideal and most important model in the science of speech because it is the most important means through which to defend religious and doctrinal issues, as this proposition To that kind N integration of knowledge, which is based upon the number of science, both in terms of mechanisms or approaches, or where the study</text>
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                <text>Laboratory of Materials Physics, Radiation and Nanostructures (LPMRN), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi Bordj-Bou-Arreridj, Algeria.</text>
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                <text>Journal of Physical &amp; Chemical Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): v2i22023; 50-56</text>
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                <text>2830-8085</text>
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                <text>مجلة المعيار; مجلد 25 عدد 1 (2021): v25i12021; 214-227</text>
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                <text>Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 25 No 1 (2021): v25i12021; 214-227</text>
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                <text>X-rays, atomic fundamental parameters fluorescence yields, recommended weighted average values, semi-empirical calculation.</text>
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                <text>علم الكلام</text>
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                <text>التداولية</text>
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                <text>المناظرة</text>
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                <text>L 1 sub-shell fluorescence yield for lanthanide elements with 58≤ Z≤ 71</text>
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                <text>التقاطع المعرفي بين التداولية و المناظرة في علم الكلام. بعد تأصيلي للبعد التداولي في الدرس الكلامي.</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="10272">
                  <text> Journal of Arts and Humanities</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26140">
                <text>Maifi, Lyes</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26141">
                <text>Agroui, Kamel</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26142">
                <text>Hioual, Ouided</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26143">
                <text>Abdelhamid, Chari</text>
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                <text>ربيج, دليلة</text>
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                <text>2021-01-15</text>
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                <text>Thermal insulation is one of the major problems of building comfort. Oneof the solutions proposed is the use of the latent heat of phase changematerials to evacuate the external heat in order to keep it at an adequatetemperature in the chamber. In this work, we use the latent heat of a MCPtype C 25 H 52 pure and doped with two types of dopant In 2 O 3 and AlCl 3 forthe climatic application. We study the effect of dopant nature and dopingrate on phase change time, latent heat and mass loss. To improve this timewe doped our material with In 2 O 3 , and AlCl 3 . The study consists inmonitoring the evolution of the phase change time, the flow of the latentheat and the loss of the mass according to the nature of the dopant and thedoping rate. A study of the DSC, ATG, FTIR and PL characterization ispresented. The study showed that the best dopant for solar insulation isAlCl 3 doping.
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156712">
                <text>يتناول هذا المقال بالدراسة مسألة خصائص أمهات المؤمنين رضي الله عنهن، فقد خصّهن الله عز وجل ببعض الخطابات، فتناولت في الفرع الأول تأصيل المسألة التي هي فرع الخلافية الأصولية هل الأصل في خطاب الشارع العموم لجميع المكلفين أم هو خاص بمن وجه إليه الخطاب، فبينت أقوال العلماء وأدلتهم مع مناقشتها لأصل إلى ترجيح القول بعموم خطاب الشارع لسائر المكلفين إلا ما دلّ الدليل على خصوصيته، فالخطاب الموجه لأمهات المؤمنين كذلك، فإن ظهر عدم شمول خطابهن للرجال فيبقى عاما لسائر نساء المسلمين، ثمّ تطرقت لبيان خصائص أمهات المؤمنين من الأحكام الشرعية التي دلّت عليها الأدلة.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156713">
                <text>This article deals with the issue of their wives Allah bless properties, has kept them Allah (some letters, addressed in section I rooting issue controversial branch of fundamentalism is one letter from universal nation or is a special, Bennett, scholarly and their evidence with its discussion of reach tipping Say a single letter of Pan other nation except del directory on his privacy, the letter addressed to the mothers of the believers, the men can do not cover remains of other Muslim women, turning the statement of alahakam legitimacy of believers ' mothers properties which showed her evidence</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.univ-bba.dz/index.php/jpcr/article/view/167</text>
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                <text>10.58452/jpcr.v2i2.167</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/258</text>
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                <text>10.37138/almieyar.v25i1.258</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26150">
                <text>Laboratory of Materials Physics, Radiation and Nanostructures (LPMRN), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi Bordj-Bou-Arreridj, Algeria.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156716">
                <text>جامعة الامير عبدالقادر للعلوم الاسلامية قسنطينة</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.univ-bba.dz/index.php/jpcr/article/view/167/83</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26152">
                <text>Journal of Physical &amp; Chemical Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): v2i22023; 92-100</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26153">
                <text>2830-8085</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26154">
                <text>2830-8085</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="26155">
                <text>10.58452/jpcr.v2i2</text>
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                <text>مجلة المعيار; مجلد 25 عدد 1 (2021): v25i12021; 193-213</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156719">
                <text>Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 25 No. 1 (2021): v25i12021; 193-213</text>
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                <text>Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 25 No 1 (2021): v25i12021; 193-213</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156721">
                <text>2588-2384</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156722">
                <text>1112-4377</text>
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                <text>10.37138/mieyar.v25i12021</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26156">
                <text>MCP, AlCl 3 , PL, FTIR, DSC.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156724">
                <text>الخصائص ;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156725">
                <text>قضايا الأعيان ;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156726">
                <text>أمهات المؤمنين ;</text>
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                <text>أزواج النبي</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26157">
                <text>Thermal/optical study and characterization of a MCP doped with In2O3 and AlCl3 for solar use</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156728">
                <text>الأحكام الشرعية الخاصة بأمهات المؤمنين رضي الله عنهن</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156717">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="10272">
                  <text> Journal of Arts and Humanities</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26122">
                <text>Alrbaihat, Mohammad</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156678">
                <text>صالح عومار</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156679">
                <text>بوقفة, ليلى</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26123">
                <text>2023-12-01</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156680">
                <text>2021-01-15</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26124">
                <text>A superabsorbent polymer (SAP) can absorb large quantities of water. Hydrophilic materials areknown as superabsorbent materials because they can absorb large amounts of aqueous fluid anddesorb it under stress. One of the most critical parameters that limit the usefulness of SAP is itsabsorption capacity. Superabsorbent polymers can be used for water management and to renewarid and desert environments. This review demonstrates that superabsorbent materials can bebeneficial to agriculture and the environment by reducing irrigation water consumption,improving fertilizer retention time in soil, decreasing plant mortality, and increasing plantgrowth. Nanotechnology could play a role in preparing superabsorbent nanocomposite materialsby employing superabsorbent polymers. This article introduces superabsorbent/claynanocomposites and the mechanochemical synthesis approach which are convenient and usefultypes of superabsorbent nanocomposites.
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156681">
                <text>يتناول هذا المقال مسألة علمية متعلقة باختلاف نقاد الحديث في الحكم على الرواة، وأثر ذلك في دقة منهجهم النقدي وعلميته، وقد درست ذلك من خلال ضبط معنى الاختلاف، ثم بيان أهم الأسباب التي تؤدي إلى اختلاف نقاد الحديث في الحكم على الراوي، سواء كانت متعلقة بطبيعة المنهج أو الناقد أو الراوي، مع بيان أثر هذا الاختلاف على المنهج النقدي الحديثي، حيث إنه اختلاف علمي طبيعي لا يطعن في قواعد النقد الحديثي وأصوله، ولا يعبر عن تناقض مبادئه وأحكامه، بل هو دليل أمانة وعدل وموضوعية، ودقة نقاد الحديث في البحث والحكم على الرواة جرحا وتعديلا.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156682">
                <text>&amp;nbsp;The difference in the Judgment of the narrators on the accuracy Of the critical approach to The “Mohdithine”. Summary This article deals with a scientific issue related to the difference of Hadith’s Critics in the Judgment to of the narrators and the impact on the accuracy and scientific. Critical approach of the Hadith. I studied this by controlling the meaning of the difference and the most important reasons that lead to the difference between Hadith Critics in judging the narrators whet her it is related to the approach itself as it is the Critic, or to the narrators. This shows the impact on the Critical approach (Method) of the “Hadith” Since it is a natural scientific difference which does not reflect the contradiction of the principals and rules of the Hadith Critics but an evidence to fairness, probity and objectivity besides the precision or the exactness of “ El hadith” Critics in the search and judgment for and or the narrators and adjustment or adaptation or amendment.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26125">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26126">
                <text>https://ojs.univ-bba.dz/index.php/jpcr/article/view/166</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="26127">
                <text>10.58452/jpcr.v2i2.166</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156683">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/254</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156684">
                <text>10.37138/almieyar.v25i1.254</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26128">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26129">
                <text>Laboratory of Materials Physics, Radiation and Nanostructures (LPMRN), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi Bordj-Bou-Arreridj, Algeria.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156685">
                <text>جامعة الامير عبدالقادر للعلوم الاسلامية قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26130">
                <text>https://ojs.univ-bba.dz/index.php/jpcr/article/view/166/82</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26131">
                <text>Journal of Physical &amp; Chemical Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): v2i22023; 77-91</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="26132">
                <text>2830-8085</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="26133">
                <text>2830-8085</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="26134">
                <text>10.58452/jpcr.v2i2</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156687">
                <text>مجلة المعيار; مجلد 25 عدد 1 (2021): v25i12021; 177-192</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156688">
                <text>Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 25 No. 1 (2021): v25i12021; 177-192</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156689">
                <text>Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 25 No 1 (2021): v25i12021; 177-192</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156690">
                <text>2588-2384</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156691">
                <text>1112-4377</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156692">
                <text>10.37138/mieyar.v25i12021</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26135">
                <text>Mechanochemical, Superabsorbent polymers, Nanotechnology, Agricultural, Nanocomposites, Nano clay.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156693">
                <text>الاختلاف،</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156694">
                <text>الحكم،</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156695">
                <text>الرواة،</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156696">
                <text>المنهج النقدي،</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156697">
                <text>الجرح والتعديل،</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156698">
                <text>نقاد الحديث</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156699">
                <text>; the Judgment</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156700">
                <text>The difference</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156701">
                <text>Hadith’s</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156702">
                <text>adaptation or amendment -</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156703">
                <text>; the critical approach -</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156704">
                <text>; the narrators</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156705">
                <text>Critics</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26136">
                <text>Agricultural Applications of Nanocomposites Superabsorbent Polymers: A  Review</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156706">
                <text>الاختلاف في الحكم على الرواة، وأثره في دقة المنهج النقدي عند المحدثين</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="156686">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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                  <text> Journal of Arts and Humanities</text>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26104">
                <text>Mebarkia, Ishak</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156655">
                <text>بنيرد, حاج</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2023-12-01</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156656">
                <text>2021-01-15</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26106">
                <text>This work deals with a theoretical investigation of structural, electronic,and optical properties of alkali metal tetrafluoridobromates materials thatcrystallize in tetragonal structure (NaBrF 4 , KBrF 4 , and RbBrF 4 ) using theDensity Functional Theory (DFT) within the pseudo-potential plane-waveapproach as implemented in Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package(CASTEP) code. The structural parameters are in good agreementcompared to the experimental values stated in the literature. Thecalculated electronic properties indicate that these ternary compounds arewide bandgap semiconductor materials. NaBrF 4 is a semiconductorcompound with a direct band gap, whereas, KBrF 4 and RbBrF 4 aresemiconductors compounds together with an indirect band gap. The mainoptical parameters are studied in detail. The large optical absorption rangein the ultraviolet (UV) region suggests that these semiconductor materialscould be helpful for specific implementations in UV optoelectronicdevices; therefore, this theoretical investigation is probable to motivatefuture experimental works.
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156657">
                <text>البحث هو دراسة بيبليوغرافية في الفهارس والبرامج والأعلام في الغرب الإسلاميّ في القرن السّابع والثّامن الهجريّين، وتحديدا كتاب (برنامج ابن جابر الوادي آشي) المتوفّى سنة 749هـ، والبحث عن مصادر الكتاب ودراسة مادّته وتحليلها، ورصد جميع المؤلّفات والمسموعات والإفادات والإنشادات الّتي جاءت فيه، والتّركيز على المصنّفات الّتي ألّفها شيوخه وذكرها هو في (برنامجه)، وكانت من مقرّرات مجالس العلم يتدارسونها ويشرحونها ويتملّكونها، وخصّصت هذه الدّراسة لكتب الحديث والبرامج والمشيخات، وبحثت عن المطبوع اليوم والمتداول، وعن المخطوط منها ونسخه وأماكن تواجدها، وأيضا ما نجزم بأنّه مفقود منها وذكر المؤلّف يفيد ذلك بأنّه لم يقف عليه أو لم يجده، أو ما هو في حكم المفقود كان في زمان المؤلّف ولكنّه لم يصلنا</text>
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                <text>The research is a bibliographic study in the indexes, programs and media in the Islamic West in the seventh and eighth century AH, specifically the book (Ibn Jaber Al-wadi Ashi), who died in 749 AH, and search for the sources of the book and study its material and analysis, and monitor all the writings and audios and statements and statements The study focused on the works written by his elders and mentioned in his (program), and was one of the decisions of science councils studying, explaining and possessing, and this study was devoted to Hadith books, programs and elders, and searched for the publication today and circulation, and the manuscript and copies and The author stated that he did not stand on him or did not find him, or what is in the rule of the missing was in the author's time but he did not reach us.</text>
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                <text>https://ojs.univ-bba.dz/index.php/jpcr/article/view/165</text>
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                <text>10.58452/jpcr.v2i2.165</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/Mieyar/article/view/251</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156660">
                <text>10.37138/almieyar.v25i1.251</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26111">
                <text>Laboratory of Materials Physics, Radiation and Nanostructures (LPMRN), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi Bordj-Bou-Arreridj, Algeria.</text>
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                <text>جامعة الامير عبدالقادر للعلوم الاسلامية قسنطينة</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26112">
                <text>https://ojs.univ-bba.dz/index.php/jpcr/article/view/165/81</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26113">
                <text>Journal of Physical &amp; Chemical Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): v2i22023; 41-49</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26114">
                <text>2830-8085</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26115">
                <text>2830-8085</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26116">
                <text>10.58452/jpcr.v2i2</text>
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                <text>مجلة المعيار; مجلد 25 عدد 1 (2021): v25i12021; 159-176</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156664">
                <text>Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 25 No. 1 (2021): v25i12021; 159-176</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156665">
                <text>Al-Mieyar Journal; Vol. 25 No 1 (2021): v25i12021; 159-176</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156666">
                <text>2588-2384</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156667">
                <text>1112-4377</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156668">
                <text>10.37138/mieyar.v25i12021</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26117">
                <text>ABrF 4 , alkali metal tetrafluoridobromates, DFT, electronic properties, optical properties, semiconductor materials.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156669">
                <text>بيبلوغرافيا،</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="156670">
                <text>فهارس،</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156671">
                <text>تراجم،</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156672">
                <text>القرن السّابع،</text>
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                <text>برنامج ابن جابر</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26118">
                <text>DFT study of the electronic and optical properties of ternary alkali metal tetrafluoridobromates materials ABrF 4 (A=Na, K and Rb)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156674">
                <text>مؤلّفات القَرن السّابع الهجريّ من خلال برنامج ابن جابر الوادي آشي (كتب الحديث والبرامج والمشيخات) -دراسة بيبليوغرافية-</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156662">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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