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                  <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/oai</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350313">
                <text>SAID LHADJ , Dihia</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350314">
                <text>BENZIDANE, Rachid</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350315">
                <text>SALAH, Boualem</text>
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                <text>2023-01-19</text>
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                <text>In the field of engineering the matrices reinforced by synthetic fibers have become widely used in view of the high specific stiffness and resistance they offer. The main objective of this work is to simulate and analyze the mechanical behavior of a multilayer composite pipe for different fiber orientation angle. A finite element numerical model (MEF) under ANSYS has been developed to determine the displacement fields for a multilayer pipe under internal pressure. Subsequently, a parametric study was carried out to enhance the effect of the mechanical and geometrical characteristics of the materials constituting the multi-layer pipe. From the results obtained, it was found that the displacement fields are clearly influenced by the orientations of the composite layers.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350318">
                <text>Dans le domaine de l'ingénierie, les matrices renforcées par des fibres synthétiques sont devenues largement utilisées en raison de la rigidité et de la résistance spécifiques élevées qu'elles offrent. L'objectif principal de ce travail est de simuler et d'analyser le comportement mécanique d'un tuyau composite multicouche pour différents angles d'orientation des fibres. Un modèle numérique par éléments finis (MEF) sous ANSYS a été développé pour déterminer les champs de déplacement d'un tuyau multicouche sous pression interne. Par la suite, une étude paramétrique a été réalisée pour mettre en évidence l'effet des caractéristiques mécaniques et géométriques des matériaux constituant le tuyau multicouche. D'après les résultats obtenus, il a été constaté que les champs de déplacement sont clairement influencés par les orientations des couches composites.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/132</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef</text>
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                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/132/99</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350324">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 10 No. 01 (2018); 77-82</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350325">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 10 No 01 (2018); 77-82</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350326">
                <text>2437-0312</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350327">
                <text>1112-9778</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350328">
                <text>Multilayer composite pipe</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350329">
                <text>MEF</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350330">
                <text>Internal pressure</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350331">
                <text>Constraint</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350332">
                <text>Layers</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350333">
                <text>Multilayer composite pipe</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350334">
                <text>Tuyau composite multicouche</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350335">
                <text>MEF</text>
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                <text>Pression interne</text>
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                <text>Contrainte</text>
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                <text>Couches</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350339">
                <text>Tuyau composite multicouche</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350340">
                <text>Influence of fiber orientation on the behavior of composite pipes subject to internal pressures</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350341">
                <text>Influence de l'orientation des fibres sur le comportement des tuyaux composites soumis à des pressions internes</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350345">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/oai</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350281">
                <text>OUZERIAT, Ali</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350282">
                <text>OUD OUALI , Mohand</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350283">
                <text>ZEROUK, Merzak</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350284">
                <text>2023-01-19</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The Contact between two surfaces with normal and tangential force involve friction dissipation phenomenon .Thefriction phenomenon can be formulated as a constitutive relation in a similar form to that of the elasto-plasticconstitutive equation of materials, the present paper studies of sliding and slip rules of elastic frictional contact by using theformalism of plasticity, for regularized passage from stick to sliding in contact of solids. It purpose is to present newapproach for regularized constitutive model for interface contact elastic with friction, this model is implemented infiniteelement code ABAQUS by user subroutine Vfric.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350286">
                <text>Le contact entre deux surfaces avec une force normale et tangentielle implique un phénomène de dissipation par frottement. Le phénomène de frottement peut être formulé comme une relation constitutive sous une forme similaire à celle de l'équation constitutive élasto-plastique des matériaux. Le présent article étudie les règles de glissement et de frottement d'un contact élastique par friction du contact élastique par frottement en utilisant le formalisme de la plasticité, pour le passage régularisé du collage au glissement dans le contact des solides. L'objectif est de présenter une nouvelle Le but est de présenter une nouvelle approche pour le modèle constitutif régularisé pour le contact d'interface élastique avec friction, ce modèle est implémenté dans le code d'éléments infinis ABAQUS par la sous-routine utilisateur Vfric.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350287">
                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/130</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350288">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350289">
                <text>Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350290">
                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/130/98</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350291">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2018 Revue Nature et Technologie</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350292">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350293">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 10 No. 01 (2018); 71-76</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350294">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 10 No 01 (2018); 71-76</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350295">
                <text>2437-0312</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350296">
                <text>1112-9778</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350297">
                <text>Slip rules</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350298">
                <text>Frictional contact</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350299">
                <text>Sub-loading friction model</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350300">
                <text>Multi-surface plasticity</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350301">
                <text>Friction dissipation phenomenon</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350302">
                <text>Règles de glissement</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350303">
                <text>Contact par frottement</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350304">
                <text>Modèle de frottement par sous-charge</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350305">
                <text>Plasticité multi-surface</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350306">
                <text>Phénomène de dissipation par frottement</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350307">
                <text>Numerical Modeling of an Elastic Spherical Contact under Combined Normal and Tangential Loading</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350308">
                <text>Modélisation numérique d'un contact élastique sphérique soumis à des charges combinées normales et tangentielles</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350312">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="348099">
                  <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/oai</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350248">
                <text>DAHAMNI, Salim</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350249">
                <text>BENAROUS, Abdallah</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2023-01-19</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>diative and conduction heat transfers are considered within the clothing with a focus on the first skin layer. The protective clothing ismodelled as a 1D solid medium, featuring three layers of tissues, separated by several air-gaps. A parametric analysis is performed in the aim to predict the effect of conductive and radiative tissue properties fluctuation on the first skin's layer temperature.The obtained results using the finite element software COMSOL Multiphysicsare compared with stationary 2-D calculations, and faced to unsteady simulations based on the finite volume method. A relative reduction of 50% in the absorptivity of the e skin, (in the case of wearing a fine knitted fabric).makes it possible to reduce the temperature of the first skin’s layer to a tolerable value.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350252">
                <text>Dans ce papier, une modélisation 1D instationnaire est utilisée pour la caractérisation d’une tenue de protection pour sapeur pompier, sujette à des transferts conductifs-radiatifs. Des conditions aux limites de type convection-rayonnement sont adoptées pour la face exposée à l’air externe, mais aussi pour le coté peau-organisme. La tenue de protection est modélisée comme un milieu solide comportant trois couches de tissus, séparées par des lames d’air. Une analyse paramétrique est conduite afin d’évaluer les effets de variation des propriétés conductives et radiatives des tissus, sur le niveau de température en première couche de peau. Les calculs sont entrepris en formulation éléments finis par le biais du solveur COMSOL Multiphysics® . Les résultats obtenus sont confrontés à des calculs stationnaires 2D, et comparés à des simulations instationnaires, basées sur la méthode des volumes finis. Une diminution relative de 50% de l’absorptivité de la peau traduisant un port de tricot fin, permet de ramener la température en première couche de peau à une valeur tolérable.&amp;nbsp;</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350253">
                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/129</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350254">
                <text>fra</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350255">
                <text>Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350256">
                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/129/97</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350257">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2018 Nature &amp; Technology Journal</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350258">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350259">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 10 No. 01 (2018); 64-70</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350260">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 10 No 01 (2018); 64-70</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350261">
                <text>2437-0312</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350262">
                <text>1112-9778</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350263">
                <text>Firefighter garment</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350264">
                <text>Fire</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350265">
                <text>Heat transfer</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350266">
                <text>Finite elements</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350267">
                <text>COMSOL</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350268">
                <text>Protection for firefighters</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350269">
                <text>Tenue de pompier</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350270">
                <text>Incendie</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350271">
                <text>Transfert thermique</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350272">
                <text>Eléments finis</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350273">
                <text>COMSOL</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350274">
                <text>Protection des sapeurs pompiers</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350275">
                <text>Towards the thermal characterization of a protective suit for firefighters</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350276">
                <text>Vers la caractérisation thermique d’une tenue de protection pour sapeurpompier</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350277">
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/oai</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350214">
                <text>MENTOURI, Zoheir</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350215">
                <text>MOUSSAOUI, Abdelkrim</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350216">
                <text>BOUDJEHEM, Djalil</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350217">
                <text>BOUDIAF, Adel</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350218">
                <text>ZIANI, Slimane</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350219">
                <text>2023-01-19</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350220">
                <text>In steel manufacturing process, flat products are greatly concerned with the surface quality and the possibilities of its on-lineinspection. The visual control is obviously unable to continuously check the surface of the moving product, and the control at the ending stage remains not suitable although, it may provide information about process trends and parameters history. So, strip surface defects that are not detected yield to product downgrading or to costly rework operations for producer and/or end users. With such needed quality level, steel surface inspection systems are more and more implemented for detecting defects and allowing correction at appropriate time. Based on Computer vision, these applications make a use of detection and classification algorithms to identify these arising defects. The present work is related to a Project of a scientific and economic impact: The Development of an on-line inspection system for strip surface defects identification during the thermo-mechanical treatment in hot rolling process. We asses, in this work, some approaches in labeling each of the defects belonging to a database created for this aim. This Dataset is compound of five, among the most frequent, surface defect types and with 108 variants of each one. Obtained results shown the importance of the choice of a relevant image features extractor.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350221">
                <text>Dans le processus de fabrication de l'acier, les pièces plates sont très affectées par la qualité de leur surface et les possibilités de contrôle en ligne. Le contrôle visuel est évidemment insuffisant pour vérifier en permanence la surface du produit en mouvement, et le contrôle à la fin de la production n'est pas adapté, même s'il peut fournir des informations sur les tendances du processus et l'historique des paramètres. Ainsi, les défauts de surface de la bande qui ne sont pas détectés entraînent un dévalorisation du produit ou des opérations de reprise coûteuses pour le producteur et/ou les utilisateurs finaux. Avec un tel niveau de qualité requis, les systèmes d'inspection de la surface de l'acier sont de plus en plus utilisés pour détecter les défauts et permettre leur correction au moment opportun. Basées sur la vision par ordinateur, ces applications font appel à des algorithmes de détection et de classification pour identifier ces défauts. Le présent travail travail est lié à un projet d'un impact scientifique et économique : Le développement d'un système d'inspection en ligne pour l'identification des défauts de surface des bandes pendant le traitement thermo-mécanique dans le processus de laminage à chaud. Nous évaluons, dans ce travail, quelques approches dans l'étiquetage de chacun des défauts appartenant à une base de données créée dans ce but. Ce jeu de données est composé de cinq types de défauts de surface, parmi les plus fréquents et de 108 variantes de chacun d'entre eux. Les résultats obtenus ont montré l'importance du choix d'un extracteur de caractéristiques d'image pertinent.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350222">
                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/127</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350223">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350225">
                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/127/96</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350226">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2018 Nature &amp; Technology Journal</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350227">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350228">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 10 No. 01 (2018); 58-63</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350229">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 10 No 01 (2018); 58-63</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350230">
                <text>2437-0312</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350231">
                <text>1112-9778</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350232">
                <text>Computer vision</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350233">
                <text>Detection &amp; Classification</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350234">
                <text>Rolling process</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350235">
                <text>Quality &amp; Surface defects</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350236">
                <text>Industrial engineering</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350237">
                <text>Vision par ordinateur</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350238">
                <text>Détection &amp; Classification</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350239">
                <text>Processus de laminage</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350240">
                <text>Qualité &amp; Défauts de surface</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350241">
                <text>Ingénierie industrielle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350242">
                <text>Identification approaches for steel strip surface defects in hot rolling Process</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350243">
                <text>Méthodes d'identification des défauts de surface des barres d'acier lors du laminage à chaud Procédé</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350244">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350245">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350246">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350247">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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  <item itemId="8536" public="1" featured="1">
    <collection collectionId="75">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="348099">
                  <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/oai</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350181">
                <text>FARES, Redouane</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350182">
                <text>AISSA, Abderrahmane</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350183">
                <text>MEDDEBER, Mohamed Amine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350184">
                <text>AID, Abdekrim</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350185">
                <text>2023-01-19</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350186">
                <text>In this study, the steady state behavior of natural convection transport on a nanofluid in square enclosure was studied. The modelequations were solved using Comsol Multiphysics; a solver for partial differential Navier–Stokes equations based on a two-dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM) over a range of Rayleigh numbers (103-106). Impact of the Rayleigh Number, the Darcy Number, the porosity, the solid fraction volume of porous medium and the nanoparticle concentration on natural convection are depicted. Obtained Results reveal that convection mode increases with rise of Rayleigh number. The simulated results were compared with other numerical data from the literature, which indicate that good agreement is founded.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350187">
                <text>Dans cette étude, le comportement en régime permanent du transport par convection naturelle d'un nanofluide dans une enceinte carrée a été étudié. Les équations du modèle Les équations du modèle ont été résolues à l'aide de Comsol Multiphysics, un solveur pour les équations de Navier-Stokes aux dérivées partielles basé sur une méthode d'éléments finis bidimensionnelle (FEM) sur une gamme de nombres de Rayleigh (10E3-10E6). L'impact du nombre de Rayleigh, du nombre de Darcy, de la porosité, du volume de la fraction solide du milieu poreux et de la concentration en nanoparticules sur la convection naturelle est décrit. Les résultats obtenus révèlent que le mode de convection augmente avec l'augmentation du nombre de Rayleigh. Les résultats simulés ont été comparés avec d'autres données numériques de la littérature, ce qui indique un bon accord.</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350188">
                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/126</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350189">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350190">
                <text>Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350191">
                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/126/95</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350192">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2018 Revue Nature et Technologie</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350193">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350194">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 10 No. 01 (2018); 54-57</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350195">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 10 No 01 (2018); 54-57</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350196">
                <text>2437-0312</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350197">
                <text>1112-9778</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350198">
                <text>Free convection</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350199">
                <text>Hartmann number</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350200">
                <text>Volume fraction</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350201">
                <text>Nusselt number</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350202">
                <text>Flow in a porous enclosure</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350203">
                <text>Convection libre</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350204">
                <text>Nombre de Hartmann</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350205">
                <text>Fraction volumique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350206">
                <text>Nombre de Nusselt</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350207">
                <text>Ecoulement dans une enceinte poreuse</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350208">
                <text>Numerical investigation of hydrodynamic nanofluid convective flow in a porous enclosure</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350209">
                <text>Étude numérique de l'écoulement hydrodynamique convectif d'un nanofluide dans une enceinte poreuse.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350210">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350211">
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              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350212">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350213">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="348099">
                  <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/oai</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350149">
                <text>CHAOUI, Salah</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350150">
                <text>2023-01-19</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350151">
                <text>The management of Solid Waste is at the center of national and international debates because the urban environment in particularundergoes, in recent decades, a regression due to the technological advances and the change in lifestyle. The development achieved is accompanied by a continuous increase in the Urban Sustainable Residues generated by human activities. In this regard, the environment is nowadays a major concern of the public authorities through the establishment of panoply of regulatory texts and the creation of institutions with the aim of preserving public health and sustainable urban development. In Annaba, a city in Northeastern of Algeria, demographic and urban growth has generated varied solid residues in quantity and quality potentially harmful that must be taken care of. The latter affect not only the environmental indicators (water, air and soil) but also the living conditions in the city. This paper explores the production, composition and management system of the Solid Waste in the city of Annaba. There treatment seems inefficient and requires a continuous improvement via a local strategy based on awareness, training and greater involvement of the citizen and stakeholders. The method of treating Solid Urban Residues through composting and recycling remains a shortfall.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350152">
                <text>La gestion des Résidus Solides est au centre de débats nationaux et internationaux car l’environnement notamment urbain (RSU) subit, ces dernières décennies, une régression due aux avancées technologiques et au changement de modes de vie. Le développement réalisé est accompagné d’une augmentation continue des RSU générés par les activités anthropiques. A cet effet, L’environnement présente, de nos jours, une préoccupation majeure des pouvoirs publics à travers la mise en place d’une panoplie de textes réglementaires et la création d’institutions dans le but de préserver la santé publique et pour un Développement Urbain Durable. À Annaba, ville au nord-est de l’Algérie, la croissance démographique et urbaine a généré des Résidus Solides variés en quantité et en qualité potentiellement dommageables qu’il y a lieu de prendre en charge. Ces derniers, affectent non seulement les indicateurs environnementaux (eau, air et sol) mais aussi, les conditions de vie en ville. Cet article explore sur terrain la production, la composition et le système de gestion des RSU dans la ville d’Annaba. Le traitement de RSU en cours, parait inefficient et nécessite une sans cesse amélioration via une stratégie locale en se basant sur la sensibilisation, la formation et l’implication davantage du citoyen et des acteurs concernés. La méthode de traitement des Résidus Solides Urbains (RSU) par compostage et recyclage reste un manque à gagner.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/125</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350154">
                <text>fra</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350155">
                <text>Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef</text>
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          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350156">
                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/125/94</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350157">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2018 Revue Nature et Technologie</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350158">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350159">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 10 No. 01 (2018); 43-53</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350160">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 10 No 01 (2018); 43-53</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350161">
                <text>2437-0312</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350162">
                <text>1112-9778</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350163">
                <text>Health</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350164">
                <text>Environmentx</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350165">
                <text>Environment</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350166">
                <text>Sustainable development</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350167">
                <text>Annaba</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350168">
                <text>Management of Solid Waste</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350169">
                <text>Santé</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350170">
                <text>Environnement</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350171">
                <text>Gestion durable</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350172">
                <text>RSU</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350173">
                <text>Annaba</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350174">
                <text>Gestion des Résidus Solides</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350175">
                <text>The management of Urban Solid Waste in Algeria: Which treatment methods? Case of the city of Annaba</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350176">
                <text>La gestion des Résidus Solides Urbains en Algérie : Quelles méthodes de traitement ? Cas de la ville d’Annaba</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350180">
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  <item itemId="8534" public="1" featured="1">
    <collection collectionId="75">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="348099">
                  <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/oai</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350114">
                <text>MANSOURI, Ouarda</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350115">
                <text>BOURBIA, Fatiha</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350116">
                <text>BELARBI, Rafik</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350117">
                <text>2022-01-30</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350118">
                <text>In the urban environment, the nature of the materials that cover urban surfaces (sidewalks, facades and roofs) greatly affects the energy consumption and the thermal environment outside and inside the building, depending on the climate. The fraction of the incident solar energy reflected by the exterior elements of a structure significantly affects the overall heat gain or loss of the structure. In the building that is considered the world's largest energy-consuming sector, a judicious choice of coatings covering its external surfaces, particularly from the point of view of solar reflectivity, may be an adequate solution for saving energy by ensuring Level of thermal comfort with reduced energy consumption. This article presents a study aimed at assessing the effect of reflective coatings on reducing the building's energy requirements and improving indoor thermal comfort. In the town of Skikda, located in northeastern Algeria, characterized by the Mediterranean climate, a parametric study was carried out on a reference building, varying the solar reflectivity of its walls and roof, as well as others Such as its orientation, the thermal mass and the insulation of its envelope. The results show that a high solar reflectivity combined with thermal insulation defines an acceptable level of comfort and reduces the energy loads and that these effects are more significant for the roof than for the walls.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350119">
                <text>Dans le milieu urbain, la nature des matériaux qui couvrent les surfaces urbaines (trottoirs, façades et toitures) influe considérablement sur la consommation énergétique et l’ambiance thermique à l’extérieur et à l’intérieur du bâtiment dépendamment du climat. La fraction de l'énergie solaire incidente réfléchie par les éléments extérieurs d'une structure affecte de manière significative le gain ou la perte de chaleur globale de la structure. Dans le bâtiment, qui est considéré comme le plus grand secteur consommateur d’énergie dans le monde, un choix judicieux des revêtements qui couvrent ses surfaces externes notamment du point de vue réflectivité solaire pourra être une solution adéquate pour économiser de l’énergie en assurant un niveau de confort thermique avec une consommation énergétique réduite. Cet article présente une étude ayant pour objectif l’évaluation de l'effet des revêtements réfléchissants sur la réduction des besoins énergétiques du bâtiment ainsi que l’amélioration du confort thermique intérieur. Dans la ville de Skikda, située au Nord-Est algérien et caractérisée par un climat méditerranéen, une étude paramétrique a été réalisée sur un bâtiment générique en faisant varier la réflectivité solaire de ses murs et&amp;nbsp; de son toit ainsi que d’autres paramètres tel que son orientation, la masse thermique et l'isolation de son enveloppe. Les résultats montrent qu’une haute réflectivité solaire combinée avec l'isolation thermique définissent un niveau de confort acceptable et diminuent les charges d'énergie, et que ces effets sont plus significatifs pour la toiture que pour les murs.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350120">
                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/124</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350121">
                <text>fra</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350122">
                <text>Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350123">
                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/124/93</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350124">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350125">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 11 No. 01 (2019); 33-42</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350126">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 11 No 01 (2019); 33-42</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350127">
                <text>2437-0312</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350128">
                <text>1112-9778</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350129">
                <text>Albedo</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350130">
                <text>Energy requirements</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350131">
                <text>Orientation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350132">
                <text>Thermal mass</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350133">
                <text>Thermal comfort</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350134">
                <text>TRNSYS</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350135">
                <text>Thermal comfort in buildings</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350136">
                <text>Albédo</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350137">
                <text>Charges énergétiques</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350138">
                <text>Orientation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350139">
                <text>Masse thermique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350140">
                <text>Confort thermique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350141">
                <text>TRNSYS</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350142">
                <text>Confort thermique dans les bâtiments</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350143">
                <text>Influence of the reflectivity of the envelope on the energy demand of buildings and on thermal comfort</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350144">
                <text>Influence de la réflectivité de l’enveloppe sur la demande énergétique des bâtiments et sur le confort thermique</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350146">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350148">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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  <item itemId="8533" public="1" featured="1">
    <collection collectionId="75">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="348099">
                  <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/oai</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350083">
                <text>BADECHE , Mounira</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350084">
                <text>BOUCHAHM, Yasmina</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350085">
                <text>2023-01-19</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350086">
                <text>In recent years glazed envelop has gained popularity in modern building practice throughout the world. The need to energyconservation and sustainable development in buildings is causing a new interest towards such typical envelop building. The construction of appropriate windows is important for reducing the energy use for heating, cooling and lighting in building, especially in office ones whereinternal gains may exceed the transmission losses. In this paper, existing studies on the topic of window opening are highlighted. A general process driving to the effects of the window on energy consumptions is identified, based on studies presented in literature. This approach is used to highlight how fenestration system affects energy consumption, thermal and visual comfort in office buildings. Authors pinpointed the lack of researches on the performance of glazed facades in hot-summer and cold winter zones. Whereas, some studies elaborated in other climates reveal no similarities; therefore it is necessary to find a significant tool to help direct future research.&amp;nbsp;</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350087">
                <text>Ces dernières années, l'enveloppe vitrée a gagné en popularité dans la pratique de la construction moderne à travers le monde. Le besoin d'économie d'énergie et de développement durable dans les bâtiments suscite un nouvel intérêt pour ces enveloppes typiques. La construction de fenêtres appropriées est importante pour réduire la consommation d'énergie pour le chauffage, le refroidissement et l'éclairage dans les bâtiments, en particulier dans les bureaux où les gains internes peuvent dépasser les pertes de transmission. Dans cet article, les études existantes sur le sujet de l'ouverture des fenêtres sont mises en évidence. Un processus général conduisant aux effets de la fenêtre sur les consommations d'énergie est identifié, sur la base des études présentées dans la littérature. Cette approche est utilisée pour mettre en évidence la façon dont le système de fenêtrage affecte la consommation d'énergie, le confort thermique et visuel dans les immeubles de bureaux. Les auteurs ont souligné le manque de recherches sur la performance des façades vitrées dans les zones chaudes et froides de l'été et de l'hiver. Alors que certaines études élaborées dans d'autres climats ne révèlent aucune similitude, il est nécessaire de trouver un outil significatif pour aider à orienter les recherches futures.&amp;nbsp;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350088">
                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/123</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350089">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350090">
                <text>Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350091">
                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/123/92</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350092">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2018 Nature &amp; Technology Journal</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350093">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350094">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 10 No. 01 (2018); 27-32</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350095">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 10 No 01 (2018); 27-32</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350096">
                <text>2437-0312</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350097">
                <text>1112-9778</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350098">
                <text>Fenestration system</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350099">
                <text>Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350100">
                <text>Glazing</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350101">
                <text>Energy efficiency</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350102">
                <text>effects of the window on energy consumptions</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350103">
                <text>Système de fenêtrage</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350104">
                <text>Rapport fenêtre/mur (WWR)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350105">
                <text>Vitrage</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350106">
                <text>Efficacité énergétique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350107">
                <text>effets de la fenêtre sur les consommations d'énergie</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350108">
                <text>The energy savings potential of windows in the office buildings sector: State of the art</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350109">
                <text>Le potentiel d'économie d'énergie des fenêtres dans le secteur des immeubles de bureaux : État de l'art</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <element elementId="50">
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/oai</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350047">
                <text>TALEB, Omar</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350048">
                <text>GHOMARI, Fouad</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350049">
                <text>BOUKLI HACENE, Mohamed Amine</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="350050">
                <text>KADRI, El-Hadj</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350051">
                <text>SOUALHI, Hamza</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350052">
                <text>2023-01-19</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350053">
                <text>The use of superplasticizers in self-consolidating concretes (SCC) is essential to ensure the desired fluidity. Through this experimental work, we aim to study the effect of the superplasticizer dosage on the characteristics of SCC. The rheological properties of the mixtures are studied by means of a high torque rheometer with couette geometry. In addition, tests of EN NF 206 / CN standard were achieved to make a comparison with rheometer tests. The results showed that superplasticizers improve the workability of SCC by significantly decreasing the static and dynamic shear thresholds. However, their effect on the plastic viscosity depends strongly on the dosage used. Moreover, the increase in the superplasticizer dosage is always accompanied by a decrease in the stability of the mixture, which can lead to losses in mechanical strength.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350054">
                <text>L’utilisation des superplastifiants dans les bétons autoplaçants (BAP) est indispensable pour garantir la fluidité recherchée. A travers ce travail expérimental, nous visons à étudier l’effet du dosage en superplastifiant sur les caractéristiques des bétons autoplaçants (BAP). Les propriétés rhéologiques des mélanges sont étudiées au moyen d’un rhéomètre de forte capacité de couple muni d’une géométrie couette. En complément, les essais de la norme NF 206/CN ont été réalisés afin d’établir une comparaison avec les essais sur rhéomètre. Les résultats ont montré que les superplastifiants améliorent l’ouvrabilité des BAP en diminuant significativement les seuils de cisaillement statiques et dynamiques. Cependant, leur effet sur la viscosité plastique dépend fortement du dosage utilisé. Par ailleurs l’augmentation du dosage en superplastifiant s’accompagne toujours par une diminution de la stabilité du mélange, ce qui peut engendrer des pertes dans la résistance mécanique.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350055">
                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/122</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350056">
                <text>fra</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350057">
                <text>Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350058">
                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/122/91</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350059">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2018 Nature &amp; Technology Journal</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350060">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350061">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 10 No. 01 (2018); 17-26</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350062">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 10 No 01 (2018); 17-26</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350063">
                <text>2437-0312</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350064">
                <text>1112-9778</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350065">
                <text>Self compacting concrete</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350066">
                <text>Rheology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350067">
                <text>Superplasticizer</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350068">
                <text>Viscosity</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350069">
                <text>Yield stress</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350070">
                <text>Rheology of concretes</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350071">
                <text>Béton autoplaçants</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350072">
                <text>Rhéologie</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350073">
                <text>Superplastifiant</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350074">
                <text>viscosité</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350075">
                <text>Seuil de cisaillement</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350076">
                <text>Rhéologie des bétons</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350077">
                <text>Effect of superplasticizer dosage on the rheological characteristics of self-compacting concretes</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350078">
                <text>Effet du dosage en superplastifiant sur les caractéristiques rhéologiques des bétons autoplaçants</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350079">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350080">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350081">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350082">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="8531" public="1" featured="1">
    <collection collectionId="75">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="348099">
                  <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/oai</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350010">
                <text>HABIBI, Brahim</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350011">
                <text>MEDDI , Mohamed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350012">
                <text>2023-01-19</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350013">
                <text>Statistical analysis has become an indispensable tool for decision-making in the management of water resources. As a result, astatistical analysis of annual maximum flows has been carried out in the Middle Watershed and Cheliff Basin. The statistical estimate was made by selecting the annual maxima. The selected stations are thirteen hydrometric stations. These stations have long series of measurements over 30 years old. The choice of the law's membership class, the most appropriate for modeling annual maximum flow rates, was made by the decision support system (DSS) of the Hyfran plus software. The results obtained show that all the series of the stations belong to class D. For the choice of the best fit we used the Bayesian (BIC) and Akaike (AIC) information criteria. These two criteria make it possible to construct a classification of statistical models taking into account the principle of parsimony. The best fit, for each of the two criteria, is the lowest value of its coefficient. The main result of the statistical analyzes show that the thirteen stations studied are better adjusted to the Gamma law.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350014">
                <text>L’analyse statistique est devenue un outil indispensable d'aide à la décision en matière de bonne gestion des ressources en eaux, De ce fait, une analyse statistique des débits maximaux annuels a été réalisée dans le bassin-versant moyen et le bas de Chéliff. L’estimation statistique a été faite en sélectionnant les maxima annuels. Les stations sélectionnées sont au nombre de treize stations hydrométriques. Ces stations disposent de longues séries de mesures de plus de 30 ans. Le choix de la classe d’appartenance de la loi, la plus adéquate aux fins de modélisation des débits maximaux annuels, a été opéré par le système d’aide à la décision (SAD) du logiciel Hyfran plus. Les résultats obtenue montre que toutes les séries des stations appartiennent à la classe D. Pour le choix du meilleur ajustement nous avons utilisé les critères d’information Bayésien (BIC) et d’Akaike (AIC). Ces deux critères permettent de construire un classement des modèles statistiques tenant compte du principe de parcimonie. Le meilleur ajustement, pour chacun des deux critères, correspond à la plus faible valeur de son coefficient. Les principaux résultats des analyses statistiques montrent que les treize stations étudiées sont mieux ajustées à la loi Gamma.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350015">
                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/121</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350016">
                <text>fra</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350017">
                <text>Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350018">
                <text>https://journals.univ-chlef.dz/index.php/natec/article/view/121/90</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350019">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2018 Nature &amp; Technology Journal</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350020">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350021">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 10 No. 01 (2018); 01-16</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350022">
                <text>Revue Nature et Technologie; Vol. 10 No 01 (2018); 01-16</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350023">
                <text>2437-0312</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350024">
                <text>1112-9778</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350025">
                <text>Extreme Flow</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350026">
                <text>Statistical Analysis</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350027">
                <text>Decision Support System</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350028">
                <text>Prediction</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350029">
                <text>Hyfran Plus</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350030">
                <text>Medium Basin</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350031">
                <text>Low Cheliff and Coastal</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350032">
                <text>Gestions des ressoureces en eaux</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350033">
                <text>Débit extrême</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350034">
                <text>Analyse statistique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350035">
                <text>Système d’aide à la décision</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350036">
                <text>Prédiction</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350037">
                <text>Hyfran plus</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350038">
                <text>Bassin Moyen</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350039">
                <text>Bas Chéliff et Côtier</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350040">
                <text>Water resources management</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350041">
                <text>Statistical analysis of maximum annual flows and graphic synthesis of quantiles: Case of the basin (Middle, Lower Chéliff and Coast)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350042">
                <text>Analyse statistique des débits maximums annuels et synthèse graphique des quantiles : Cas du bassin (Moyen, Bas Chéliff et Côtière)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="350043">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350044">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350045">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="350046">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  </item>
</itemContainer>
