Investigation of the efficiency of a thermoelectric generator

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Since the beginning of the 1990s, a renewed interest for the thermoelectric appeared, due in particular to the emergence of environmental concerns regarding the gases used in refrigeration and emissions of greenhouse gases as well as the willingness to develop alternative sources of energy. The generation of current by thermoelectric effect appears as an interesting source to relieve the problems existing energy, capitalizing on the transformation of the enormous quantities of heat lost identified for example, by cars, to useful energy. The objective of the present analysis is the study and modeling of a thermoelectric generator. In the work of realization of a thermoelectric generator, a fan has been used to cool the latter during the generation of the electric current with a speed of cooling ranging from 0 to 12 m/s. The characteristic of the energy collected at the terminals of the electrical resistance as a function of temperature is a rising curve up to a maximum value of flow (Qmax = 80.4 W) and then decreasing, so we can say that the thermoelectric a non-linear effect of temperature. The maximum value of the performance is 22.55%. Therefore 22.55% of the thermal energy is transferred into electrical energy through the thermoelectric module of a length X of the order of 0.16 m.
        تكمن أهمية هذه الدراسة في كونها تسلط الضوء على أحد أهم الأحداث التاريخية التي يشهدها القرن الحادي والعشرين ألا وهي الحرب الروسية الأوكرانية والتي ألقت بظلالها على العلاقات الدولية من الناحية العملية والفكرية ، لكونها قد مست مجمل التفاعلات في النظام الدولي الحالي ، كما تجسد ولأول مرة ومنذ أوائل التسعينيات من القرن الماضي عودة صريحة لأنماط مألوفة للصراعات في تاريخ العلاقات الدولية نظرا لتوسعها على نحو ينذر باندلاع حرب كبرى تقف فيها قوى عظمى متنافسة على طرفي نقيض. وفي حين لا تزال هذه الحرب في مراحلها المبكرة التي لم تصل إلى مستوى الدمار الشامل الذي أحدثته حروب تاريخية أخرى ولا يزال من المبكر قياس الأثر الكامل لها غير أنه قد بات من الواضح أن تداعياتها متعددة الأبعاد لا تقتصر على المجال العسكري أو الميدان السياسي والاقتصادي فقط .
لقد خلصت الدراسة إلى أن الحرب قد عززت الانقسام بين الشرق والغرب وهي تمثل بداية اختبار لنفوذ القوى العظمى لتصبح قضية دولية تعنى فيها كل الفواعل بتحقيق مصالحها القومية ، وتبقى انعكاساتها على البيئة الدولية والآثار المستقبلية لها مرهونة بالتطورات الدبلوماسية والعسكرية أيضا .
The importance  of this study lies in the fact that it sheds light on one of the most important historical events in the Twenty-First century, which is The Russian-Ukrainian war which cast a shadow on international relations from a practical and theoretical sides, as it affected the overall interactions in the current system, and it represents for the first time since the early nineties of the last century an explicit return to familiar patterns of conflicts in the history of international relations  due to its expansion in a way that portends the outbreak  of a major war in which competing great powers stand on opposite sides  .While this war is still in its early stages , it hasn’t  reached the level of mass destruction caused by other historical wars, and it is still too early to measure its full impact .However , it has become clear that its multidimensional repercussions are not limited to the military or political and economic fields only.
The study concluded that the war has reinforced the division between East and West, it represents the beginning of a test for the influence of the great powers ,it’s an international issue in which all actors are concerned to achieve their national interests , well its repercussions on the international environment and its future effects depend on diplomatic and military development as well .

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