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    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[<script>
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				var str = 'Towards Functional Translation: Translation of some  Yoruba Proverbs';
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Functional+translation">Functional translation</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Yoruba+proverbs">Yoruba proverbs</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=culture">culture</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=language">language</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Communicative+action">Communicative action</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=The+case+of+culture%2C+language+and+proverb+is+like+the+junction+where+three+paths+meet.+Language+is+an+integral+part+of+a+people%E2%80%99s+culture+in+one+hand%2C+and+proverb+is+an+essential+facet+of+any+given+language.+In+some+cases%2C+understanding+a+people%E2%80%99s+perception+on+issues+becomes+a+problem+because+of+the+inability+to+decode+the+cultural+background+of+such+people.+Inadequacy+in+the+comprehension+of+people%E2%80%99s+cultural+context+is+capable+of+bringing+misinterpretation+or+misrepresentation.+This+study%2C+therefore%2C+examines+thirty+Yoruba+proverbs%3B+translated+into+English+and+French+to+demonstrate+how+proverbs+can+be+used+in+conflict+resolution%2C+give+instructions+or+warnings+and+encouragement+in+taking+well-informed+actions+among+other+things.+The+study+aimed+at+educating+people+about+the+Yoruba+people%E2%80%99s+world+view+as+regards+certain+issues+and+actions.+Field+Study+is+the+methodology+adopted+for+the+research+while+Functionalist+theory+of+translation+serves+as+the+theoretical+framework+on+which+the+study+is+premised.+This+theory+investigates+the+nature+of+translation+as+a+communicative+action+which+should+take+into+account+cultural+context.+Findings+revealed+that+proverbs+permit+people+to+communicate%2C+learn+as+well+as+allowing+them+to+express+feelings+for+their+material+and+non-material+needs.+It+is+equally+established+that+some+proverbs+have+the+capacity+to+provide+solutions+to+societal+problems.+The+paper+concludes+that+understanding+people%E2%80%99s+culture+is+important+because+it+explains+how+culture+defines+and+shapes+their+actions.+The+application+of+functionalist+theory+to+translation+will+help+to+achieve+a+better+translation+which+considers+cultural+and+linguistic+properties+all+together.">The case of culture, language and proverb is like the junction where three paths meet. Language is an integral part of a people’s culture in one hand, and proverb is an essential facet of any given language. In some cases, understanding a people’s perception on issues becomes a problem because of the inability to decode the cultural background of such people. Inadequacy in the comprehension of people’s cultural context is capable of bringing misinterpretation or misrepresentation. This study, therefore, examines thirty Yoruba proverbs; translated into English and French to demonstrate how proverbs can be used in conflict resolution, give instructions or warnings and encouragement in taking well-informed actions among other things. The study aimed at educating people about the Yoruba people’s world view as regards certain issues and actions. Field Study is the methodology adopted for the research while Functionalist theory of translation serves as the theoretical framework on which the study is premised. This theory investigates the nature of translation as a communicative action which should take into account cultural context. Findings revealed that proverbs permit people to communicate, learn as well as allowing them to express feelings for their material and non-material needs. It is equally established that some proverbs have the capacity to provide solutions to societal problems. The paper concludes that understanding people’s culture is important because it explains how culture defines and shapes their actions. The application of functionalist theory to translation will help to achieve a better translation which considers cultural and linguistic properties all together.</a>]]></dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Traduction+et+Langues%3B+Vol+15+No+1+%282016%29%3A+Traduction+et+Langues+Volume%3A+15+Num%C3%A9ro%3A+01+%2F+Ao%C3%BBt+2016%3B+20-28">Traduction et Langues; Vol 15 No 1 (2016): Traduction et Langues Volume: 15 Numéro: 01 / Août 2016; 20-28</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2600-6235">2600-6235</a>]]></dcterms:source>
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    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=University+of+Oran+2+Mohamed+Ben+Ahmed">University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</a>]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2016-08-31">2016-08-31</a>]]></dcterms:date>
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    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Peer-reviewed+Article">Peer-reviewed Article</a>]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=https%3A%2F%2Frevue.univ-oran2.dz%2Frevuetranslang%2Findex.php%2Ftranslang%2Farticle%2Fview%2F732">https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/732</a>]]></dcterms:identifier>
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</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://www.ajpsdz.org/dx/items/show/7488">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[<script>
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				var str = 'Vers l’élaboration d’un questionnaire sur les stratégies d’apprentissage de la prononciation du français';
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Learning+strategies">Learning strategies</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=perceptual+and+productive+skills">perceptual and productive skills</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=metacognition">metacognition</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=NLP">NLP</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=meta-program">meta-program</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=questionaire+validation">questionaire validation</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Learning+strategies">Learning strategies</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=perceptual+and+productive+skills">perceptual and productive skills</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=metacognition">metacognition</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=NLP">NLP</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=meta-program">meta-program</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=questionnaire+validation.">questionnaire validation.</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Towards+the+development+of+a+questionnaire+on+learning+strategies+of+French+pronunciation%0AIn+this+study%2C+we+will+discuss+the+methodology+that+we+adopted+to+develop+and+analyze+a+questionnaire+on+learning+strategies+for+the+pronunciation+of+a+foreign+language%2C+in+this+case+French.+First%2C+we+describe+the+development+of+this+questionnaire+in+order+to+interpret+the+responses+obtained.+Then%2C+we+discuss+the+validation+of+this+questionnaire.+Finally%2C+we+discuss+the+issues+relevant+to+the+question+of+the+link+between+the+use+of+strategies%2C+and+the+positive+or+negative+attitudes+towards+the+sound+system+of+the+French+language+by+the+participants+to+our+study.+In+fact%2C+we+seek+through+this+questionnaire+to+explore+the+hypothesis+stating+that+listeners%2Fspeakers+who+tend+to+frequently+use+mnemonic+and+metalinguistic+strategies+would+exhibit+more+perceptual+and+productive+skills%2Fperformances.+In+addition%2C+this+questionnaire+was+based+on+the+systemic+contrast+of+the+different+phonetic+systems%2C+in+this+case+that+of+Standard+Arabic%2C+Oran+Spoken+Arabic%2C+French%2C+and+sometimes+other+foreign+languages+such+as+English.+These+phonetico-phonological+properties+have+formed+the+premises+of+a+phonetic+practice+in+the+FFL+%28French+as+a+foreign+language%29+classroom+based+on+an+exploration+of+the+segmental+and+suprasegmental+divergences+of+the+systems+in+question.The+objective+behind+the+development+of+this+questionnaire+is+also+motivated+by+our+intention+to+change+the+learning+habits+instilled+in+students%E2%80%99+minds+regarding+the+soundscape+of+a+foreign+language+in+order+to+calibrate+their+potential+oriented+towards+a+new+type+of+phonetic+instruction.+However%2C+this+study+confirmed+our+observation+considering+that+the+instruction+received+by+Algerian+students+at+the+departments+of+French+is+of+a+traditional+and+conventional+type%2C+and+does+not+favor+strategic+teaching.+Therefore%2C+it+is+high+time+to+insist+on+the+need+for+a+training+in+phonetics+oscillating+the+two+types+of+instruction%2C+namely+the+directive+and+non-directive+methods.">Towards the development of a questionnaire on learning strategies of French pronunciation<br />
In this study, we will discuss the methodology that we adopted to develop and analyze a questionnaire on learning strategies for the pronunciation of a foreign language, in this case French. First, we describe the development of this questionnaire in order to interpret the responses obtained. Then, we discuss the validation of this questionnaire. Finally, we discuss the issues relevant to the question of the link between the use of strategies, and the positive or negative attitudes towards the sound system of the French language by the participants to our study. In fact, we seek through this questionnaire to explore the hypothesis stating that listeners/speakers who tend to frequently use mnemonic and metalinguistic strategies would exhibit more perceptual and productive skills/performances. In addition, this questionnaire was based on the systemic contrast of the different phonetic systems, in this case that of Standard Arabic, Oran Spoken Arabic, French, and sometimes other foreign languages such as English. These phonetico-phonological properties have formed the premises of a phonetic practice in the FFL (French as a foreign language) classroom based on an exploration of the segmental and suprasegmental divergences of the systems in question.The objective behind the development of this questionnaire is also motivated by our intention to change the learning habits instilled in students’ minds regarding the soundscape of a foreign language in order to calibrate their potential oriented towards a new type of phonetic instruction. However, this study confirmed our observation considering that the instruction received by Algerian students at the departments of French is of a traditional and conventional type, and does not favor strategic teaching. Therefore, it is high time to insist on the need for a training in phonetics oscillating the two types of instruction, namely the directive and non-directive methods.</a>]]></dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Traduction+et+Langues%3B+Vol+11+No+2+%282012%29%3A+Traduction+et+Langues+Volume+11%3A+Num%C3%A9ro%3A+2%2FD%C3%A9cembre+2012+%3B+153-169">Traduction et Langues; Vol 11 No 2 (2012): Traduction et Langues Volume 11: Numéro: 2/Décembre 2012 ; 153-169</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2600-6235">2600-6235</a>]]></dcterms:source>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=10.52919%2Ftranslang.v11i2">10.52919/translang.v11i2</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=University+of+Oran+2+Mohamed+Ben+Ahmed">University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</a>]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2002-12-31">2002-12-31</a>]]></dcterms:date>
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=linguistic+variety">linguistic variety</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=influence+of+source+languages">influence of source languages</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=phonetic+skills">phonetic skills</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Listening+and+Pronunciation+Instruction+in+a+Multilingual+Context%3A+Pronunciation+training+in+Algeria+as+a+case+study%0ATraining+related+to+pronunciation+in+a+multilingual+environment+is+increasingly+important+and+remains+topical.+Social+developments+and+resulting+changes+make+the+main+reason.+In+this+article%2C+multilingualism+and+training+in+the+field+of+pronunciation+are+the+main+avenues+of+exploration.+I+consider+it+important+to+emphasize+the+impact+of+phonetic+training+on+multilingualism+characterizing+Algerians+who+learn+Deutsch+as+a+foreign+language.+This+analysis+also+attempts+to+deal+with+the+aspect+related+to+the+means+likely+to+reduce+phonetic+difficulties+in+the+context+of+teaching%2Flearning+of+Deutsch+as+a+foreign+language+in+an+Algerian+context.+For+all+of+the+reasons+mentioned+in+this+article+regarding+the+influence+of+the+source+languages+on+the+pronunciation+of+Algerian+learners+of+German%2C+it+is+necessary+for+teachers+to+take+appropriate+measures+with+regard+to+the+selection+of+appropriate+pronunciation+exercises+and+other+adequately+planned+activities+for+pronunciation+instruction.+Another+basic+requirement+for+teachers+is+that+they+should+adhere+to+the+standard+pronunciation+rules+when+communicating+with+their+learners.+Competent+teachers+are+and+remain+the+best+role+models.+They+should+not+only+have+sufficient+phonetic%2C+phonological+and+prosodic+knowledge+of+German+and+speech+training+skills%2C+but+their+correct+pronunciation+should+serve+as+a+model+for+learners.+In+Algeria%2C+teachers+should+have+in-depth+knowledge+of+the+phonetic+formation+of+the+source+languages+%28Algerian%2C+Arabic%2C+French%2C+Berber%2C+English%29.+They+should+identify+their+learners%27+interference+and+difficulties+arising+from+source+and+target+phonetic+pronunciation.">Listening and Pronunciation Instruction in a Multilingual Context: Pronunciation training in Algeria as a case study<br />
Training related to pronunciation in a multilingual environment is increasingly important and remains topical. Social developments and resulting changes make the main reason. In this article, multilingualism and training in the field of pronunciation are the main avenues of exploration. I consider it important to emphasize the impact of phonetic training on multilingualism characterizing Algerians who learn Deutsch as a foreign language. This analysis also attempts to deal with the aspect related to the means likely to reduce phonetic difficulties in the context of teaching/learning of Deutsch as a foreign language in an Algerian context. For all of the reasons mentioned in this article regarding the influence of the source languages on the pronunciation of Algerian learners of German, it is necessary for teachers to take appropriate measures with regard to the selection of appropriate pronunciation exercises and other adequately planned activities for pronunciation instruction. Another basic requirement for teachers is that they should adhere to the standard pronunciation rules when communicating with their learners. Competent teachers are and remain the best role models. They should not only have sufficient phonetic, phonological and prosodic knowledge of German and speech training skills, but their correct pronunciation should serve as a model for learners. In Algeria, teachers should have in-depth knowledge of the phonetic formation of the source languages (Algerian, Arabic, French, Berber, English). They should identify their learners&#039; interference and difficulties arising from source and target phonetic pronunciation.</a>]]></dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=poetics">poetics</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=semantics.">semantics.</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Spatial+configuration+and+violence+in+Dreams+and+Assassins+of+Malika+Mokeddem%0AThis+work+is+a+reflection+on+the+poetics+of+space+in+the+novel+Des+r%C3%AAves+et+des+assassins+by+Malika+Mokeddem.+It+is+a+question+of+questioning+the+spatial+configuration%3B+its+semantics%2C+its+symbolism+and+its+functionality+in+order+to+underline+the+specificities+and+particularities+of+his+writing+linked+to+the+theme+of+violence+in+Algeria+in+the+90s.Several+notions+are+approached+in+this+analysis%3A+the+imaginary+of+space%2C+the+paradoxical+city%2C+spaces+and+affects+and+the+inside+and+the+outside.+Through+this+study%2C+we+arrived+to+many+concluding+remarks.+It+was+realized+that+the+spatial+issue+takes+on+a+political+and+ideological+dimension+in+this+novel%2C+denouncing+both+the+violence+of+the+1990s+with+its+many+forms+and+the+Algerian+feminine+condition+because+women+remained+the+target+of+Islamists+during+the+dark+decade.Through+the+city+of+Oran%2C+the+author+represents+the+Algerian+space+of+the+90s%2C+defined+by+its+cruelty%2C+its+terror+and+by+its+multiple+internal+and+external+faces+that+are+often+negative+and+derogatory+for+the+characters%3B+thus+spatiality+is+no+longer+a+simple+decor+that+adopts+a+mimetic+role+but+it+contributes+to+the+writing+and+dramatization+of+the+story+and+%E2%80%9Cbecomes+an+agent+of+fiction%E2%80%9D.The+configuration+of+space+in+Des+r%C3%AAves+et+des+assassins+is+intended+to+be+subjective+since+it+is+linked+above+all+to+the+suffering%2C+the+pain%2C+and+the+affliction+of+the+characters+who+never+arrive%2C+despite+all+the+trials+and+attempts%2C+to+resist+daily+external+and+internal+violence.">Spatial configuration and violence in Dreams and Assassins of Malika Mokeddem<br />
This work is a reflection on the poetics of space in the novel Des rêves et des assassins by Malika Mokeddem. It is a question of questioning the spatial configuration; its semantics, its symbolism and its functionality in order to underline the specificities and particularities of his writing linked to the theme of violence in Algeria in the 90s.Several notions are approached in this analysis: the imaginary of space, the paradoxical city, spaces and affects and the inside and the outside. Through this study, we arrived to many concluding remarks. It was realized that the spatial issue takes on a political and ideological dimension in this novel, denouncing both the violence of the 1990s with its many forms and the Algerian feminine condition because women remained the target of Islamists during the dark decade.Through the city of Oran, the author represents the Algerian space of the 90s, defined by its cruelty, its terror and by its multiple internal and external faces that are often negative and derogatory for the characters; thus spatiality is no longer a simple decor that adopts a mimetic role but it contributes to the writing and dramatization of the story and “becomes an agent of fiction”.The configuration of space in Des rêves et des assassins is intended to be subjective since it is linked above all to the suffering, the pain, and the affliction of the characters who never arrive, despite all the trials and attempts, to resist daily external and internal violence.</a>]]></dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Traduction+et+Langues%3B+Vol+11+No+2+%282012%29%3A+Traduction+et+Langues+Volume+11%3A+Num%C3%A9ro%3A+2%2FD%C3%A9cembre+2012+%3B+146-152">Traduction et Langues; Vol 11 No 2 (2012): Traduction et Langues Volume 11: Numéro: 2/Décembre 2012 ; 146-152</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2600-6235">2600-6235</a>]]></dcterms:source>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=10.52919%2Ftranslang.v11i2">10.52919/translang.v11i2</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=University+of+Oran+2+Mohamed+Ben+Ahmed">University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</a>]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2012-12-31">2012-12-31</a>]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Copyright+%28c%29+2012+TRANSLANG">Copyright (c) 2012 TRANSLANG</a>]]></dcterms:rights>
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    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=application%2Fpdf">application/pdf</a>]]></dcterms:format>
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    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=info%3Aeu-repo%2Fsemantics%2FpublishedVersion">info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</a>]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Peer-reviewed+Article">Peer-reviewed Article</a>]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=https%3A%2F%2Frevue.univ-oran2.dz%2Frevuetranslang%2Findex.php%2Ftranslang%2Farticle%2Fview%2F601">https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/601</a>]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=10.52919%2Ftranslang.v11i2.601">10.52919/translang.v11i2.601</a>]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://www.ajpsdz.org/dx/items/show/7485">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[<script>
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				var str = 'Pourquoi Privilégier Approche Générique des Œuvres Policières en Classe de FLE';
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Generic+approach">Generic approach</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=writing-reading+dialects">writing-reading dialects</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=detective+stories">detective stories</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Generic+approach">Generic approach</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=writing-reading+dialectics">writing-reading dialectics</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=detective+stories">detective stories</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Why+Privileging+Generic+Approach+to+Detective+Storiesin+FLE+Classes%0AThis+article+is+the+result+of+an+involved+research%2C+carried+out+during+our+doctoral+research+related+to+the+issue+of+writing+and+which+falls+within+the+framework+of+didactics+of+the+literary+text.+A+research+which+aimed+to+propose+it+in+Algerian+colleges+%28whose+teaching-learning+of+French+as+a+foreign+language+responds+exclusively+to+a+textual+typology%29+a+new+approach+in+the+teaching-learning+of+French+as+a+foreign+language+in+general%2C+and+of+writing+specifically.+It+is+a+question+of+projecting+our+views+into+a+new+dialectic+of+reading-+writing+which+favors+a+generic+approach+to+literary+works+in+the+FLE+class.+With+the+intention+of+essentially+developing+the+scriptural+competence+among+Algerian+middle+school+pupils%2C+we+have+opted+for+the+introduction+of+literature+by+genres+in+FLE+classes%2C+and+mainly%2C+the+reading+of+the+complete+literary+work.+Knowing+that+going+to+complete+works+is+one+of+the+objectives+of+middle+school+education+in+Algeria%2C+where+the+learner+is+invited+to+move+from+school+reading+to+social+reading.+This+article+is+then+to+plan+for+a+new+dialectic+reading-writing+with+a+generic+approach+wich+favors+literary+works+in+FFL+classes.+To+do+so%2C+the+romance+genre+object+of+our+proposal+in+this+article+is+the+detective+novel.">Why Privileging Generic Approach to Detective Storiesin FLE Classes<br />
This article is the result of an involved research, carried out during our doctoral research related to the issue of writing and which falls within the framework of didactics of the literary text. A research which aimed to propose it in Algerian colleges (whose teaching-learning of French as a foreign language responds exclusively to a textual typology) a new approach in the teaching-learning of French as a foreign language in general, and of writing specifically. It is a question of projecting our views into a new dialectic of reading- writing which favors a generic approach to literary works in the FLE class. With the intention of essentially developing the scriptural competence among Algerian middle school pupils, we have opted for the introduction of literature by genres in FLE classes, and mainly, the reading of the complete literary work. Knowing that going to complete works is one of the objectives of middle school education in Algeria, where the learner is invited to move from school reading to social reading. This article is then to plan for a new dialectic reading-writing with a generic approach wich favors literary works in FFL classes. To do so, the romance genre object of our proposal in this article is the detective novel.</a>]]></dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Traduction+et+Langues%3B+Vol+15+No+1+%282016%29%3A+Traduction+et+Langues+Volume%3A+15+Num%C3%A9ro%3A+01+%2F+Ao%C3%BBt+2016%3B+188-200">Traduction et Langues; Vol 15 No 1 (2016): Traduction et Langues Volume: 15 Numéro: 01 / Août 2016; 188-200</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2600-6235">2600-6235</a>]]></dcterms:source>
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    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=University+of+Oran+2+Mohamed+Ben+Ahmed">University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</a>]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2016-12-31">2016-12-31</a>]]></dcterms:date>
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    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=info%3Aeu-repo%2Fsemantics%2FpublishedVersion">info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</a>]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Peer-reviewed+Article">Peer-reviewed Article</a>]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=https%3A%2F%2Frevue.univ-oran2.dz%2Frevuetranslang%2Findex.php%2Ftranslang%2Farticle%2Fview%2F730">https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/730</a>]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=10.52919%2Ftranslang.v15i1.730">10.52919/translang.v15i1.730</a>]]></dcterms:identifier>
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    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[<script>
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Context">Context</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=meaning">meaning</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=pragmatics">pragmatics</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=semantics">semantics</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=speaker">speaker</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=utterance.">utterance.</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=The+aim+of+this+paper+is+to+highlight+the+distinction+between+what+is+said+and+what+is+meant%2C+in+a+word+the+textual+meaning+and+the+contextual+meaning.+Hence%2C+the+author+of+this+study+tries+to+put+a+line+of+demarcation+between+semantics+and+pragmatics%2C+taking+into+consideration+the+speaker%E2%80%99s+background+and+intention+as+well+as+the+hearer%E2%80%99s+understanding+of+the+same+speech+act+produced.+It+also+shows+the+difficulty+of+interpreting+utterances+in+a+real+speech+situation+as+well+as+in+speeches+in+writing.+A+good+example+from+Jane+Eyre+is+given+to+illustrate+the+hypocritical+religious+man+who+allows+for+his+own+children+what+should+definitely+be+forbidden+for+the+orphans.+Consequently%2C+his+speech+act+is+expressed+by+a+flagrant+contradiction.+Then+a+brief+literature+review+explores+Lehrer%E2%80%99s+scaling+method+about+the+similarities+and+the+differences+in+meaning+of+language+in+context.+Finally%2C+this+humble+study+argues+that+what+is+usually+presented+in+literary+texts+is+not+always+understood+through+its+semantic+meaning+because+it+is+never+explicitly+explained.+Therefore%2C+the+reader+should+be+aware+of+all+factors+even+the+interlocutors%E2%80%99+degree+of+familiarity.">The aim of this paper is to highlight the distinction between what is said and what is meant, in a word the textual meaning and the contextual meaning. Hence, the author of this study tries to put a line of demarcation between semantics and pragmatics, taking into consideration the speaker’s background and intention as well as the hearer’s understanding of the same speech act produced. It also shows the difficulty of interpreting utterances in a real speech situation as well as in speeches in writing. A good example from Jane Eyre is given to illustrate the hypocritical religious man who allows for his own children what should definitely be forbidden for the orphans. Consequently, his speech act is expressed by a flagrant contradiction. Then a brief literature review explores Lehrer’s scaling method about the similarities and the differences in meaning of language in context. Finally, this humble study argues that what is usually presented in literary texts is not always understood through its semantic meaning because it is never explicitly explained. Therefore, the reader should be aware of all factors even the interlocutors’ degree of familiarity.</a>]]></dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Traduction+et+Langues%3B+Vol+11+No+2+%282012%29%3A+Traduction+et+Langues+Volume+11%3A+Num%C3%A9ro%3A+2%2FD%C3%A9cembre+2012+%3B+141-145">Traduction et Langues; Vol 11 No 2 (2012): Traduction et Langues Volume 11: Numéro: 2/Décembre 2012 ; 141-145</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2600-6235">2600-6235</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1112-3974">1112-3974</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=10.52919%2Ftranslang.v11i2">10.52919/translang.v11i2</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=University+of+Oran+2+Mohamed+Ben+Ahmed">University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</a>]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2012-12-31">2012-12-31</a>]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Copyright+%28c%29+2012+TRANSLANG">Copyright (c) 2012 TRANSLANG</a>]]></dcterms:rights>
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    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=application%2Fpdf">application/pdf</a>]]></dcterms:format>
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    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=info%3Aeu-repo%2Fsemantics%2FpublishedVersion">info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</a>]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Peer-reviewed+Article">Peer-reviewed Article</a>]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=https%3A%2F%2Frevue.univ-oran2.dz%2Frevuetranslang%2Findex.php%2Ftranslang%2Farticle%2Fview%2F600">https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/600</a>]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=10.52919%2Ftranslang.v11i2.600">10.52919/translang.v11i2.600</a>]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://www.ajpsdz.org/dx/items/show/7483">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[<script>
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				var str = 'تصورات حول إشكالية الترجمة القانونية من الفرنسية إلى العربية';
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Legal+translation">Legal translation</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=problems+related+to+legal+translation">problems related to legal translation</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=legal+discourse">legal discourse</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=characteristics+of+legal+discourse">characteristics of legal discourse</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Legal+translation">Legal translation</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=problems+related+to+legal+translation">problems related to legal translation</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=legal+discourse">legal discourse</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=characteristics+of++legal+discourse">characteristics of  legal discourse</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Perceptions+about+Legal+Translation+Issues+from+French+into+Arabic%0AThis+study+aimed+to+deal+with+the+legal+translation+problems+and+to+discuss+its+definition+and+specificity+compared+with+translation+in+general.+It+expected+to+identify+the+main+problem+of+legal+translation+which+is+in+turn+divided+into+sub+questions.+According+to+reflections+presented+it+can+be+said+that+legal+translation+is+not+a+question+of+words%2C+but+it+is+related+to+other+issues.+The+study+chooses+to+evoke+legal+discourse+with+more+details+because+of+its+importance+both+in+law+and+translation.+Firstly%2C+some+definitions+of+legal+discourse+are+given+in+order+to+understand+it%2C+secondly+we+pointed+out+the+main+characteristics+of+legal+discourse+than+we+suggested+a+legal+discourse+typology+based+on+semantic+and+pragmatic+plan.+Finally%2C+the+study+concluded+that+a+legal+translator+should+learn+during+its+education+curriculum+theses+sub+questions+in+order+to+be+able+to+produce+equivalent+translation+both+legally+and+translationally.">Perceptions about Legal Translation Issues from French into Arabic<br />
This study aimed to deal with the legal translation problems and to discuss its definition and specificity compared with translation in general. It expected to identify the main problem of legal translation which is in turn divided into sub questions. According to reflections presented it can be said that legal translation is not a question of words, but it is related to other issues. The study chooses to evoke legal discourse with more details because of its importance both in law and translation. Firstly, some definitions of legal discourse are given in order to understand it, secondly we pointed out the main characteristics of legal discourse than we suggested a legal discourse typology based on semantic and pragmatic plan. Finally, the study concluded that a legal translator should learn during its education curriculum theses sub questions in order to be able to produce equivalent translation both legally and translationally.</a>]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[<script>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Traduction+et+Langues%3B+Vol+15+No+1+%282016%29%3A+Traduction+et+Langues+Volume%3A+15+Num%C3%A9ro%3A+01+%2F+Ao%C3%BBt+2016%3B+174-187">Traduction et Langues; Vol 15 No 1 (2016): Traduction et Langues Volume: 15 Numéro: 01 / Août 2016; 174-187</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2600-6235">2600-6235</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1112-3974">1112-3974</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=10.52919%2Ftranslang.v15i1">10.52919/translang.v15i1</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=University+of+Oran+2+Mohamed+Ben+Ahmed">University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</a>]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2016-12-31">2016-12-31</a>]]></dcterms:date>
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    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=application%2Fpdf">application/pdf</a>]]></dcterms:format>
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    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=info%3Aeu-repo%2Fsemantics%2FpublishedVersion">info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</a>]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Peer-reviewed+Article">Peer-reviewed Article</a>]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=https%3A%2F%2Frevue.univ-oran2.dz%2Frevuetranslang%2Findex.php%2Ftranslang%2Farticle%2Fview%2F729">https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/729</a>]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=10.52919%2Ftranslang.v15i1.729">10.52919/translang.v15i1.729</a>]]></dcterms:identifier>
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Translation">Translation</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Arabic+literature">Arabic literature</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=German-speaking+countries">German-speaking countries</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=reception+of+Arabic+literature.">reception of Arabic literature.</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Translation">Translation</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Arabic+literature">Arabic literature</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=German-speaking+countries">German-speaking countries</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=reception+of+Arabic+literature">reception of Arabic literature</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=On+the+translation+of+contemporary+Arabic+literature+into+Deutsch%0AIt+can+be+said+that+translation+is+the+most+important+channel+through+which+Arabic+literature+reaches+the+German-speaking+world.+Moreover%2C+the+translation+of+texts+into+other+languages+is+not+only+translation+in+the+concrete+sense+of+the+word%2C+but+also+visions+and+mentalities+of+other+peoples+are+transmitted%2C+like+the+translator+of+Arabic+literature.+This+article+discusses+the+role+of+translation+in+the+reception+of+Arabic+literature+in+German-speaking+countries.">On the translation of contemporary Arabic literature into Deutsch<br />
It can be said that translation is the most important channel through which Arabic literature reaches the German-speaking world. Moreover, the translation of texts into other languages is not only translation in the concrete sense of the word, but also visions and mentalities of other peoples are transmitted, like the translator of Arabic literature. This article discusses the role of translation in the reception of Arabic literature in German-speaking countries.</a>]]></dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Traduction+et+Langues%3B+Vol+11+No+2+%282012%29%3A+Traduction+et+Langues+Volume+11%3A+Num%C3%A9ro%3A+2%2FD%C3%A9cembre+2012+%3B+134-140">Traduction et Langues; Vol 11 No 2 (2012): Traduction et Langues Volume 11: Numéro: 2/Décembre 2012 ; 134-140</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2600-6235">2600-6235</a>]]></dcterms:source>
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    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=University+of+Oran+2+Mohamed+Ben+Ahmed">University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</a>]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2012-12-31">2012-12-31</a>]]></dcterms:date>
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    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=https%3A%2F%2Frevue.univ-oran2.dz%2Frevuetranslang%2Findex.php%2Ftranslang%2Farticle%2Fview%2F599">https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/599</a>]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=10.52919%2Ftranslang.v11i2.599">10.52919/translang.v11i2.599</a>]]></dcterms:identifier>
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    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[<script>
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				var str = 'An Investigation into the Relationship between British  Civilization Teachers’ Methodology and Students’  Learning Achievements';
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=EFL+teaching+methodologies">EFL teaching methodologies</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=British+Civilization+teachers%E2%80%99+methodology">British Civilization teachers’ methodology</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=First+year+LMD++classes">First year LMD  classes</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=The+purpose+behind+this+investigation+is+to+probe+first+year+LMD+teachers%E2%80%99+methodology+and+their+students%E2%80%99+learning+achievements+%E2%80%93+at+Blida2+University+-+in+the+subject+of+British+Civilization+in+terms+of+improving+their+English+language+proficiency+and+grasping+the+content+of+the+subject+matter+simultaneously.+Throughout+an+analytical+descriptive+study%2C+the+focus+is+made+on+revealing+the+inadequacy+of+the+prevailing+teaching+methodology+of+British+Civilization+in+terms+of+being%3A%281%29+non-convergent+with+current+EFL+teaching+methodologies%2C+which+stress+the+development+of+language+proficiency+through+interactive+communication+in+the+language+classroom%2C+and+%282%29+hindering+students%E2%80%99+achievements+in+the+subject+of+British+Civilization.+This+study+relies+on+three+research+instruments%3A+a+questionnaire+for+first+year+LMD+students%2C+a+structured+interview+for+first+year+LMD+teachers+of+British+Civilization+besides+students%E2%80%99+British+Civilization+exam+papers+analysis.+Yet%2C+on+the+basis+of+literature+reading+and+the+results+obtained+from+the+study%2C+some+recommendations+are+made+in+order+to+ameliorate+the+current+teaching+methodology+of+British+Civilization+course+in+first+year+LMD+classroom.+Thus%2C+students+are+hopefully+expected+to+improve+their+English+language+proficiency+and+attain+their+achievements+in+British+Civilization+subject.">The purpose behind this investigation is to probe first year LMD teachers’ methodology and their students’ learning achievements – at Blida2 University - in the subject of British Civilization in terms of improving their English language proficiency and grasping the content of the subject matter simultaneously. Throughout an analytical descriptive study, the focus is made on revealing the inadequacy of the prevailing teaching methodology of British Civilization in terms of being:(1) non-convergent with current EFL teaching methodologies, which stress the development of language proficiency through interactive communication in the language classroom, and (2) hindering students’ achievements in the subject of British Civilization. This study relies on three research instruments: a questionnaire for first year LMD students, a structured interview for first year LMD teachers of British Civilization besides students’ British Civilization exam papers analysis. Yet, on the basis of literature reading and the results obtained from the study, some recommendations are made in order to ameliorate the current teaching methodology of British Civilization course in first year LMD classroom. Thus, students are hopefully expected to improve their English language proficiency and attain their achievements in British Civilization subject.</a>]]></dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Traduction+et+Langues%3B+Vol+15+No+1+%282016%29%3A+Traduction+et+Langues+Volume%3A+15+Num%C3%A9ro%3A+01+%2F+Ao%C3%BBt+2016%3B+8-19">Traduction et Langues; Vol 15 No 1 (2016): Traduction et Langues Volume: 15 Numéro: 01 / Août 2016; 8-19</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2600-6235">2600-6235</a>]]></dcterms:source>
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    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=University+of+Oran+2+Mohamed+Ben+Ahmed">University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</a>]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2016-12-31">2016-12-31</a>]]></dcterms:date>
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=violence">violence</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=discourse+analysis">discourse analysis</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=sansal">sansal</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=binarism">binarism</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Discourse+Violence+in+the+Algerian+Novel%3A+The+case+of+Boulame+Sensal%E2%80%99s+%E2%80%98Darwin+Street%E2%80%99%0ADue+to+its+status+as+a+universal+theme%2C+violence+is+subject+to+thematic+variations+that+evolve+its+nature.+In+his+intention%2C+this+fictitious+novel+inspired+by+the+life+of+the+author+Boualem+Sansal%2C+as+well+as+the+history+of+his+country%2C+Algeria%2C+is+an+original+way+of+combining+the+amalgam+of+the+maghreb+which+is+a+French-speaking.+This+controversial+novel+has+distinguished+itself+by+its+content+relating+to+themes+that+are+out+of+synchronization+with+the+habits+of+Algerian+literature%2C+alluding+to+a+violence+that+appears+as+such+in+a+double+dimension.+On+one+hand%2C+it+concerns+the+taboo+subjects+covered+in+the+work+and+on+the+other+hand%2C+it+finds+its+meaning+in+the+strategies+of+writing+used+by+the+author.+Otherwise%2C+it+is+through+an+objective+study+of+the+theme+of+violence+in+the+novel+of+Sansal+%E2%80%9CRue+Darwin%E2%80%9D%2C+that+we+want+to+conduct+our+thesis.+In+other+words%2C+it+is+a+question+of+answering+the+central+question%3A+how+does+violence+appear+in+the+novel+%22Rue+Darwin%22%3F">Discourse Violence in the Algerian Novel: The case of Boulame Sensal’s ‘Darwin Street’<br />
Due to its status as a universal theme, violence is subject to thematic variations that evolve its nature. In his intention, this fictitious novel inspired by the life of the author Boualem Sansal, as well as the history of his country, Algeria, is an original way of combining the amalgam of the maghreb which is a French-speaking. This controversial novel has distinguished itself by its content relating to themes that are out of synchronization with the habits of Algerian literature, alluding to a violence that appears as such in a double dimension. On one hand, it concerns the taboo subjects covered in the work and on the other hand, it finds its meaning in the strategies of writing used by the author. Otherwise, it is through an objective study of the theme of violence in the novel of Sansal “Rue Darwin”, that we want to conduct our thesis. In other words, it is a question of answering the central question: how does violence appear in the novel &quot;Rue Darwin&quot;?</a>]]></dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Traduction+et+Langues%3B+Vol+16+No+2+%282017%29%3A+Traduction+et+Langues+Volume%3A+16+Num%C3%A9ro%3A+02+%2F+D%C3%A9cembre+2017%3B+77-90">Traduction et Langues; Vol 16 No 2 (2017): Traduction et Langues Volume: 16 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2017; 77-90</a>]]></dcterms:source>
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    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=University+of+Oran+2+Mohamed+Ben+Ahmed">University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</a>]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2017-12-31">2017-12-31</a>]]></dcterms:date>
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