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    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[<script>
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				var str = 'Les TIC catalyseurs de littératies';
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Technologies">Technologies</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=interactivity">interactivity</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=literacy">literacy</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=literacies">literacies</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=translation">translation</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=multilingual+communication">multilingual communication</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=information">information</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Technologies">Technologies</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=interactivity">interactivity</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=literacy">literacy</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=literacies">literacies</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=translation">translation</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=multilingual+communication">multilingual communication</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=information">information</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=ICT+as+catalysts+for+literacies%0AJust+open+the+book+and+put+the+head+of+the+pen+on+each+word+you+don%E2%80%99t+know+how+to+pronounce+it.+So%2C+it+helps+a+lot+for+any+who+want+to+learn+a+new+language.Now%2C+technology+is+the+best+mean+of+people+to+be+just+as+the+evolution+in+the+world.+It+helps+people+to+have+the+capacity+of+reading+and+understand+and+to+use+information+in+everyday+life.+Information+is+transmitted+through+phone+mobile%2C+Internet%2C+TV%2C+where+the+user+is+free+to+choose+the+language+which+he+masters.ICTs+have+invaded+the+lives+of+all+Algerians+in+all+areas.+This+phenomenon+has+become+so+important+that+it+has+become+impossible+not+to+take+it+into+account+in+the+study+of+human+activity.+Communication+situations+have+continued+to+diversify+and+evolve.+But+the+new+element+in+this+communication+is+translation%2C+which+has+become+an+integral+part+of+the+global+information+society.+It+is+a+translation+that+has+made+it+possible+to+iron+out+difficulties+between+speakers+belonging+to+distant+cultures+and+to+facilitate+access+to+information+and+knowledge+in+different+languages.+Also%2C+the+translation+of+WEB+sites+has+contributed+to+a+better+understanding+of+world+cultures.+Also%2C+internet+has+given+people+to+develop+literacy.+But%2C+in+our+research%2C+we+interrogate+the+way+literacy+affects+the+web+and+the+way+translation+serves+professional+ends.Finding+its+fundamental+purpose+in+commercial+strategies%2C+translation+at+the+level+of+websites+perfected+it+may+be+at+the+level+of+its+development.+It+has+become+a+means+of+contributing+to+the+achievement+of+objectives+superior+to+those+which+it+was+pursuing+itself.+At+the+communication+level%2C+it+fulfills+a+specific+function+at+the+economic+level+and+it+has+also+a+preponderant+function+at+the+level+of+the+reconstruction+of+the+social+architecture.%0A%26nbsp%3B">ICT as catalysts for literacies<br />
Just open the book and put the head of the pen on each word you don’t know how to pronounce it. So, it helps a lot for any who want to learn a new language.Now, technology is the best mean of people to be just as the evolution in the world. It helps people to have the capacity of reading and understand and to use information in everyday life. Information is transmitted through phone mobile, Internet, TV, where the user is free to choose the language which he masters.ICTs have invaded the lives of all Algerians in all areas. This phenomenon has become so important that it has become impossible not to take it into account in the study of human activity. Communication situations have continued to diversify and evolve. But the new element in this communication is translation, which has become an integral part of the global information society. It is a translation that has made it possible to iron out difficulties between speakers belonging to distant cultures and to facilitate access to information and knowledge in different languages. Also, the translation of WEB sites has contributed to a better understanding of world cultures. Also, internet has given people to develop literacy. But, in our research, we interrogate the way literacy affects the web and the way translation serves professional ends.Finding its fundamental purpose in commercial strategies, translation at the level of websites perfected it may be at the level of its development. It has become a means of contributing to the achievement of objectives superior to those which it was pursuing itself. At the communication level, it fulfills a specific function at the economic level and it has also a preponderant function at the level of the reconstruction of the social architecture.<br />
&amp;nbsp;</a>]]></dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Traduction+et+Langues%3B+Vol+10+No+1+%282011%29%3A+Traduction+et+Langues+Volume+10%3A+Num%C3%A9ro%3A+1%2FAo%C3%BBt+2011%3B+81-93">Traduction et Langues; Vol 10 No 1 (2011): Traduction et Langues Volume 10: Numéro: 1/Août 2011; 81-93</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2600-6235">2600-6235</a>]]></dcterms:source>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=10.52919%2Ftranslang.v10i1">10.52919/translang.v10i1</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=University+of+Oran+2+Mohamed+Ben+Ahmed">University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</a>]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2011-08-31">2011-08-31</a>]]></dcterms:date>
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    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=10.52919%2Ftranslang.v10i1.490">10.52919/translang.v10i1.490</a>]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://www.ajpsdz.org/dx/items/show/7358">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[<script>
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				var str = 'L’écriture autobiographique à l’école et son impact sur l’enseignement du FLE';
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Autobiographical+narratives">Autobiographical narratives</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=teaching+literature">teaching literature</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=reading+skill">reading skill</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=writing+skill">writing skill</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Autobiographical+narratives">Autobiographical narratives</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Teaching+literature">Teaching literature</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reading+skill">Reading skill</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Writing+skill">Writing skill</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Autobiographical+writing+at+school+and+its+impact+on+the+teaching+of+French+as+a+foreign+language%0AThe+focus+of+this+article+is+on+didactics+and+aims+to+set+up+a+secondary-level+FLE+scheme+to+help+FLE+teachers+in+Algeria+who+find+it+difficult+to+improve+their+practices+and+for+students+to+take+better+ownership+of+FLE.In+this+article%2C+after+a+presentation+of+some+didactic+axes+related+to+our+problematic%2C+we+first+address+the+autobiographical+narrative+and+the+teaching+of+literature+in+FLE%3B+trying+to+conjoin+our+research+interests+in+the+didactics+of+literary+texts+in+particular+and+in+FLE+in+general%2C+the+autobiographical+narrative+as+a+literary+genre+has+challenged+us%2C+especially+because+of+the+routes+in+all+directions+of+the+space+and+the+time+that+it+proposes.+Then+we+treat+autobiography+and+the+competence+of+reading+in+FLE+by+an+approach+that+gives+an+active+role+to+the+reader+producing+meaning+since+it+considers+the+involvement+of+the+subject+reader+as+a+functional+necessity+of+literary+reading%2C+the+only+way+to+enable+him+to+overcome+his+difficulties+in+reading%2C+often+related+to+his+training%2C+his+representations+or+his+socio-cultural+environment.+We+then+move+on+to+autobiography+and+the+competence+of+writing+in+FLE+as+self-expression%2C+writing+is+first+a+certain+way+of+saying+and+revealing+oneself.+We+end+with+some+suggestions+of+writing+instructions%3B+we+propose+some+instructions+that+we+have+already+experienced+with+a+group+of+students+in+the+second+year+of+secondary+school+Ben+Othmane+in+Oran.">Autobiographical writing at school and its impact on the teaching of French as a foreign language<br />
The focus of this article is on didactics and aims to set up a secondary-level FLE scheme to help FLE teachers in Algeria who find it difficult to improve their practices and for students to take better ownership of FLE.In this article, after a presentation of some didactic axes related to our problematic, we first address the autobiographical narrative and the teaching of literature in FLE; trying to conjoin our research interests in the didactics of literary texts in particular and in FLE in general, the autobiographical narrative as a literary genre has challenged us, especially because of the routes in all directions of the space and the time that it proposes. Then we treat autobiography and the competence of reading in FLE by an approach that gives an active role to the reader producing meaning since it considers the involvement of the subject reader as a functional necessity of literary reading, the only way to enable him to overcome his difficulties in reading, often related to his training, his representations or his socio-cultural environment. We then move on to autobiography and the competence of writing in FLE as self-expression, writing is first a certain way of saying and revealing oneself. We end with some suggestions of writing instructions; we propose some instructions that we have already experienced with a group of students in the second year of secondary school Ben Othmane in Oran.</a>]]></dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Traduction+et+Langues%3B+Vol+10+No+1+%282011%29%3A+Traduction+et+Langues+Volume+10%3A+Num%C3%A9ro%3A+1%2FAo%C3%BBt+2011%3B+71-80">Traduction et Langues; Vol 10 No 1 (2011): Traduction et Langues Volume 10: Numéro: 1/Août 2011; 71-80</a>]]></dcterms:source>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=10.52919%2Ftranslang.v10i1">10.52919/translang.v10i1</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=University+of+Oran+2+Mohamed+Ben+Ahmed">University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</a>]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2011-08-31">2011-08-31</a>]]></dcterms:date>
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    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=10.52919%2Ftranslang.v10i1.488">10.52919/translang.v10i1.488</a>]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://www.ajpsdz.org/dx/items/show/7357">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[<script>
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Theater+pedagogy">Theater pedagogy</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Algerian+training+program">Algerian training program</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Theater+pedagogy">Theater pedagogy</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Algerian+training+program">Algerian training program</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Algerian+University">Algerian University</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Theatre+pedagogy+in+Deutsch+teaching%2Flearning+at+the+Algerian+university%3A+experience+and+experiments%0AIt%27s+easy+to+get+the+impression+that+you%27re+playing+theatre.+Rather%2C+it+is+the+performance+of+a+%22cultural+product%22+that+is+the+actual+goal+of+theater+work.+If+that+were+really+the+case%2C+the+type+of+theater+work+and+professional+theater+could+only+be+distinguished+from+one+another+in+terms+of+quality%2C+not+in+terms+of+their+goals.Although+the+result+of+all+theater+education+work+is+a+public+performance%2C+which+is+an+incentive+for+foreign+language+learners+that+should+not+be+underestimated%2C+the+educational+focus+is+on+the+process+of+playful+development+and+practice%2C+the+trial+action+of+specific+social+partners.+This+process+opens+up+the+possibility+of+promoting+the+overall+personality+of+the+learner%2C+their+ability+to+cooperate%2C+trying+out+new+social+roles+and+enjoying+play.+However%2C+this+process+requires+new+methodological%2C+socio-pedagogical+qualities+and+personal+experience+on+the+part+of+the+pedagogue%2C+both+of+which+have+hardly+been+available+in+teacher+training+courses+so+far.%0AMy+experiences+in+foreign+language+teacher+training+and+in+the+educational+system+within+the+framework+of+Waldorf+pedagogy+have+given+me+the+courage+to+choose+artistic+ways+to+learn+the+foreign+language+more+easily+instead+of+the+traditional+methods+and+to+design+the+rigid+foreign+language+lessons+in+such+a+way+that+the+learner+has+fun%2C+joy+and+developed+a+love+for+the+foreign+language.+In+addition%2C+the+cultural+contribution%2C+namely+the+literary+and+cultural+aspects%2C+should+not+be+underestimated.The+article+discusses+how+theatre+can+support+language+learning+at+the+university+level+and+how+it+helps+learners+acquiring+professional+competences.+In+the+first+part%2C+the+article+will+briefly+outline+forms+of+drama+in+language+teaching.">Theatre pedagogy in Deutsch teaching/learning at the Algerian university: experience and experiments<br />
It&#039;s easy to get the impression that you&#039;re playing theatre. Rather, it is the performance of a &quot;cultural product&quot; that is the actual goal of theater work. If that were really the case, the type of theater work and professional theater could only be distinguished from one another in terms of quality, not in terms of their goals.Although the result of all theater education work is a public performance, which is an incentive for foreign language learners that should not be underestimated, the educational focus is on the process of playful development and practice, the trial action of specific social partners. This process opens up the possibility of promoting the overall personality of the learner, their ability to cooperate, trying out new social roles and enjoying play. However, this process requires new methodological, socio-pedagogical qualities and personal experience on the part of the pedagogue, both of which have hardly been available in teacher training courses so far.<br />
My experiences in foreign language teacher training and in the educational system within the framework of Waldorf pedagogy have given me the courage to choose artistic ways to learn the foreign language more easily instead of the traditional methods and to design the rigid foreign language lessons in such a way that the learner has fun, joy and developed a love for the foreign language. In addition, the cultural contribution, namely the literary and cultural aspects, should not be underestimated.The article discusses how theatre can support language learning at the university level and how it helps learners acquiring professional competences. In the first part, the article will briefly outline forms of drama in language teaching.</a>]]></dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Traduction+et+Langues%3B+Vol+10+No+1+%282011%29%3A+Traduction+et+Langues+Volume+10%3A+Num%C3%A9ro%3A+1%2FAo%C3%BBt+2011%3B+62-70">Traduction et Langues; Vol 10 No 1 (2011): Traduction et Langues Volume 10: Numéro: 1/Août 2011; 62-70</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2600-6235">2600-6235</a>]]></dcterms:source>
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    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2011-08-31">2011-08-31</a>]]></dcterms:date>
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Language">Language</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=management">management</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=marketing">marketing</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=human+resources">human resources</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=linguistic+auditing">linguistic auditing</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=This+article+deals+with+language+issues+from+both+a+management+and+a+marketing+perspective.+If+management+focuses+on+human+resource+management+and+linguistic+auditing%2C+marketing+puts+stress+on+the+strategic+efforts+to+attract+and+persuade+bottom-top+agents+to+be+concerned+about+bringing+language+policy+implementation+to+satisfaction.+This+can+only+happen+if+top-bottom+authorities+invest+in+their+human+resources%2C+that+is%2C+language+users+of+language%2C+to+overcome+their+deficiency+needs+and+engage+in+growth+needs%2C+as+defined+by+Abraham+Maslow%27s+hierarchy+of+needs+%281943%29.+Human+resource+management+and+linguistic+auditing+activities+stem+from+the+fact+that+language+status+is+threatened+by+an+uncertainty+problem%2C+which+is+a+function+of+social%2C+economic%2C+and+political+and+international+variables+that+influence+the+scaling+of+languages%2C+while+marketing+arises+from+the+need+to+sustain+the+language+promotion+activities.+First%2C+the+term+management+is+introduced+to+move+then+to+language+management+and+what+domains+of+practice+need+to+be+given+priority+in+terms+of+management+activities%2C+and+finally+marketing+as+a+term+and+a+concept+used+for+language+policy+purposes.">This article deals with language issues from both a management and a marketing perspective. If management focuses on human resource management and linguistic auditing, marketing puts stress on the strategic efforts to attract and persuade bottom-top agents to be concerned about bringing language policy implementation to satisfaction. This can only happen if top-bottom authorities invest in their human resources, that is, language users of language, to overcome their deficiency needs and engage in growth needs, as defined by Abraham Maslow&#039;s hierarchy of needs (1943). Human resource management and linguistic auditing activities stem from the fact that language status is threatened by an uncertainty problem, which is a function of social, economic, and political and international variables that influence the scaling of languages, while marketing arises from the need to sustain the language promotion activities. First, the term management is introduced to move then to language management and what domains of practice need to be given priority in terms of management activities, and finally marketing as a term and a concept used for language policy purposes.</a>]]></dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Traduction+et+Langues%3B+Vol+10+No+1+%282011%29%3A+Traduction+et+Langues+Volume+10%3A+Num%C3%A9ro%3A+1%2FAo%C3%BBt+2011%3B+50-61">Traduction et Langues; Vol 10 No 1 (2011): Traduction et Langues Volume 10: Numéro: 1/Août 2011; 50-61</a>]]></dcterms:source>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=10.52919%2Ftranslang.v10i1">10.52919/translang.v10i1</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=University+of+Oran+2+Mohamed+Ben+Ahmed">University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</a>]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2011-08-31">2011-08-31</a>]]></dcterms:date>
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    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=10.52919%2Ftranslang.v10i1.486">10.52919/translang.v10i1.486</a>]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://www.ajpsdz.org/dx/items/show/7355">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[<script>
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Woman">Woman</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Resistance">Resistance</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Society">Society</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Image">Image</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Oppression">Oppression</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Stratagem">Stratagem</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Woman">Woman</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Resistance">Resistance</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Society">Society</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Image">Image</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Oppression">Oppression</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Stratagem">Stratagem</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=The+image+of+women+in+the+Family+of+Pascual+Duarte+by+Camilo+Jos%C3%A9+Cela+and+the+Casa+Grande+by+Mohammed+Dib%0AThe+title+of+this+article+is+the+image+of+the+woman+in+The+Family+of+Pascual+Duarte+by+Camilo+Jos%C3%A9+Cela+and+the+Big+House+of+Mohammed+Dib.+It+is+a+comparative+study+that+analyzes+the+image+of+women+in+two+works%2C+one+Spanish+and+the+other+Algerian%2C+but+each+considers+itself+in+its+country+as+the+first+step+of+twentieth-century+realism.+Both+Algerian+and+Spanish+texts+have+a+social+character+and+let+out+a+feminine+voice+that+denounces+oppression+and+at+the+same+time+plays+an+important+role+in+teaching+the+girl+humility+and+submission+to+the+virility+of+the+man+since+having+undergone+the+male+power+in+his+youth+of+which+he+is+the+ideal+reproducer.This+work+aims+to+reveal+this+female+character+apparently+placed+in+the+position+of+the+passive+object+is+no+less+felt+as+a+cunning%2C+evil+power.+The+seemingly+victorious+masculine%2C+admits+his+relentlessness+even+against+the+other%2C+the+feminine%2C+admits+that+he+is+threatened+by+an+asymmetrical%2C+irrational%2C+cunning+and+uncontrollable+power.">The image of women in the Family of Pascual Duarte by Camilo José Cela and the Casa Grande by Mohammed Dib<br />
The title of this article is the image of the woman in The Family of Pascual Duarte by Camilo José Cela and the Big House of Mohammed Dib. It is a comparative study that analyzes the image of women in two works, one Spanish and the other Algerian, but each considers itself in its country as the first step of twentieth-century realism. Both Algerian and Spanish texts have a social character and let out a feminine voice that denounces oppression and at the same time plays an important role in teaching the girl humility and submission to the virility of the man since having undergone the male power in his youth of which he is the ideal reproducer.This work aims to reveal this female character apparently placed in the position of the passive object is no less felt as a cunning, evil power. The seemingly victorious masculine, admits his relentlessness even against the other, the feminine, admits that he is threatened by an asymmetrical, irrational, cunning and uncontrollable power.</a>]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[<script>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Traduction+et+Langues%3B+Vol+10+No+1+%282011%29%3A+Traduction+et+Langues+Volume+10%3A+Num%C3%A9ro%3A+1%2FAo%C3%BBt+2011%3B+41-49">Traduction et Langues; Vol 10 No 1 (2011): Traduction et Langues Volume 10: Numéro: 1/Août 2011; 41-49</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2600-6235">2600-6235</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1112-3974">1112-3974</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=10.52919%2Ftranslang.v10i1">10.52919/translang.v10i1</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=University+of+Oran+2+Mohamed+Ben+Ahmed">University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</a>]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2011-08-31">2011-08-31</a>]]></dcterms:date>
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    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=application%2Fpdf">application/pdf</a>]]></dcterms:format>
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    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=info%3Aeu-repo%2Fsemantics%2Farticle">info:eu-repo/semantics/article</a>]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=info%3Aeu-repo%2Fsemantics%2FpublishedVersion">info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</a>]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Peer-reviewed+Article">Peer-reviewed Article</a>]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=https%3A%2F%2Frevue.univ-oran2.dz%2Frevuetranslang%2Findex.php%2Ftranslang%2Farticle%2Fview%2F485">https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/485</a>]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=10.52919%2Ftranslang.v10i1.485">10.52919/translang.v10i1.485</a>]]></dcterms:identifier>
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    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[<script>
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				var str = 'Interpreting Community in Algeria';
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Interpreting">Interpreting</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Analytical+skills">Analytical skills</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Cultural+knowledge">Cultural knowledge</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Subject+knowledge">Subject knowledge</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=In+recent+decades%2C+considerable+steps+have+been+taken+in+various+countries+to+develop+the+supply+and+quality+of+interpreting+and+other+services+that+enable+citizens%2C+business-man+and+expatriates+with+limited+proficiency+in+the+local+official+language%28s%29+to+access+public+services+such+as+health+care%2C+education%2C+legal+recourse%2C+the+police%2C+and+social+benefits.+These+improvements+in+the+provision+of+%27community%27+or+%27public+service%27+interpreting+have+coincided+with+an+increase+in+the+training+and+research+conducted+in+this+field.+Courses%2C+postgraduate+programs+and+systems+of+accreditation+in+community+interpreting+or+its+subfields+have+been+launched+across+the+world%2C+and+ever+more+research+into+interpreting+in+settings+such+as+courtrooms%2C+hospitals+and+police+stations.+In+Algeria%2C+however%2C+the+situation+is+rather+different.+Although+certain+Algerian+laws%2C+bylaws+and+regulations+do+prescribe+and+detail+the+use+of+%28spoken+and+signed%29+interpreting+in+legal+and+other+settings%2C+in+reality%2C+alternative+to+ad+hoc+solutions+and+untrained+interpreters+is+very+common.+Only+a+handful+of+university+teachers+Interpreting+scholars+and+trainers%2C+medical%2C+legal+and+other+professionals+have+attempted+to+set+the+provision+of+community+interpreting+on+a+stronger+institutional+footing.+Given+this%2C+the+paper+aims+to+take+stock+of+the+state+of+community+interpreting+in+Algeria%2C+in+terms+of+needs%2C+legal+and+political+framework%2C+provision+and+training%2C+and+the+actual+experiences+of+interpreters+%28professional+or+informal%29+and+those+who+rely+on+them.">In recent decades, considerable steps have been taken in various countries to develop the supply and quality of interpreting and other services that enable citizens, business-man and expatriates with limited proficiency in the local official language(s) to access public services such as health care, education, legal recourse, the police, and social benefits. These improvements in the provision of &#039;community&#039; or &#039;public service&#039; interpreting have coincided with an increase in the training and research conducted in this field. Courses, postgraduate programs and systems of accreditation in community interpreting or its subfields have been launched across the world, and ever more research into interpreting in settings such as courtrooms, hospitals and police stations. In Algeria, however, the situation is rather different. Although certain Algerian laws, bylaws and regulations do prescribe and detail the use of (spoken and signed) interpreting in legal and other settings, in reality, alternative to ad hoc solutions and untrained interpreters is very common. Only a handful of university teachers Interpreting scholars and trainers, medical, legal and other professionals have attempted to set the provision of community interpreting on a stronger institutional footing. Given this, the paper aims to take stock of the state of community interpreting in Algeria, in terms of needs, legal and political framework, provision and training, and the actual experiences of interpreters (professional or informal) and those who rely on them.</a>]]></dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Traduction+et+Langues%3B+Vol+10+No+1+%282011%29%3A+Traduction+et+Langues+Volume+10%3A+Num%C3%A9ro%3A+1%2FAo%C3%BBt+2011%3B+34-40">Traduction et Langues; Vol 10 No 1 (2011): Traduction et Langues Volume 10: Numéro: 1/Août 2011; 34-40</a>]]></dcterms:source>
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    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[<script>
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Translation">Translation</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=communication">communication</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=intra-linguistic+translation">intra-linguistic translation</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=lexicon">lexicon</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=communication">communication</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Scalable+concepts">Scalable concepts</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Emergence+of+a+new+paradigm+Systems+applied+to+translation+scalable+concepts%0AThis+paper+discusses+the+notional+and+conceptual+translation+and+the+issues+it+raises.+For+this+purpose%2C+examples+will+be+provided+concerning+two+types+of+translation%3A+sustainable+development%2C+which+illustrates+an+inter-linguistic+translation+and+virtue%2C+which+is+intra-linguistic.+The+new+paradigm+that+is+proposed+in+this+article+is+that+of+the+sciences+of+complexity+and%2C+in+particular%2C+an+application+of+the+need+for+a+synergy+of+forms+of+knowledge.+A+reflection+on+both+the+syntagmatic+and+paradigmatic+use+of+a+word+and+its+evolution+will+refine+research+and+will+clarify+the+usage+of+a+term+in+a+language+for+specific+purposes.Some+concluding+remarks+have+been+drawn+from+this+research.+While+the+classical+analytical+rationalist+approach+obviously+tended+towards+reductionism+based+on+causality+and+linear+reasoning+which+gives+rise+to+exhaustiveness%2C+the+systemic+approach+sets+out+on+the+path+of+relevance%2C+interaction%2C+and+globalism%2C+particularly+in+relation+to+the+environment+of+the+system.%0AThe+systemic+approach+is+teleological+%E2%80%9Cin+search+of+the+behavior+of+the+conceptual+system%E2%80%9D.+The+latter+is+an+approach+that+responds+to+aggregation+or+%E2%80%9Cmodeling+for+simplifying+representation%E2%80%9D.+It+consequently+adheres+to+the+concept+of+interaction+between+the+components+and+the+concepts%2C+of+which+the+feedback+%22the+feedback%22+which+is+a+form+of+it.The+complexity+-+far+from+being+a+complication+-+can+be+inherent+in+the+very+composition+of+the+system+essentially+based+on+reticular+relations+also+depending+on+the+uncertainty+of+the+environment+of+the+system+in+question.The+concept+is+a+complex+entity%2C+even+hypercomplex%2C+whether+it+is+intrinsically+superordinate%2C+subordinate+or+coordinated%2C+the+latter+cannot+be+approached+in+a+reductionist+way.+He+must+resort+to+systemics%2C+the+approach+of+which+consequently+lends+itself+to+a+conceptual+exercise+in+the+reconstruction+of+knowledge+and+consequently+of+the+concept%3A+A+reconstruction+which+aims+to+be+faithful%2C+adequate+and+almost+absolute%2C+eliminating+the+risk+of+falling+into+the+anarchy+of+designations+and+incomprehension+due+to+the+fact+that+complex+thought+is+%E2%80%9Canimated+by+a+permanent+tension+between+the+aspiration+for+a+non-parcel%2C+non-partitioned+knowledge+and+the+incompleteness+of+all+knowledge%E2%80%9D.+The+elasticity+of+the+concept+inevitably+appearing+insofar+as+it+is+transversal+and+moves+from+one+discipline+to+another+and+from+one+theory+to+another.">Emergence of a new paradigm Systems applied to translation scalable concepts<br />
This paper discusses the notional and conceptual translation and the issues it raises. For this purpose, examples will be provided concerning two types of translation: sustainable development, which illustrates an inter-linguistic translation and virtue, which is intra-linguistic. The new paradigm that is proposed in this article is that of the sciences of complexity and, in particular, an application of the need for a synergy of forms of knowledge. A reflection on both the syntagmatic and paradigmatic use of a word and its evolution will refine research and will clarify the usage of a term in a language for specific purposes.Some concluding remarks have been drawn from this research. While the classical analytical rationalist approach obviously tended towards reductionism based on causality and linear reasoning which gives rise to exhaustiveness, the systemic approach sets out on the path of relevance, interaction, and globalism, particularly in relation to the environment of the system.<br />
The systemic approach is teleological “in search of the behavior of the conceptual system”. The latter is an approach that responds to aggregation or “modeling for simplifying representation”. It consequently adheres to the concept of interaction between the components and the concepts, of which the feedback &quot;the feedback&quot; which is a form of it.The complexity - far from being a complication - can be inherent in the very composition of the system essentially based on reticular relations also depending on the uncertainty of the environment of the system in question.The concept is a complex entity, even hypercomplex, whether it is intrinsically superordinate, subordinate or coordinated, the latter cannot be approached in a reductionist way. He must resort to systemics, the approach of which consequently lends itself to a conceptual exercise in the reconstruction of knowledge and consequently of the concept: A reconstruction which aims to be faithful, adequate and almost absolute, eliminating the risk of falling into the anarchy of designations and incomprehension due to the fact that complex thought is “animated by a permanent tension between the aspiration for a non-parcel, non-partitioned knowledge and the incompleteness of all knowledge”. The elasticity of the concept inevitably appearing insofar as it is transversal and moves from one discipline to another and from one theory to another.</a>]]></dcterms:description>
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				var str = 'L’intérêt de l’approche paysagiste pour la didactique des langues étrangères L’apprentissage de la composante phonique du Français en contexte Algérien';
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Arabic+phonological+system">Arabic phonological system</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=French+sounds">French sounds</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Soundscape">Soundscape</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=active+listening">active listening</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=perceptual+expectations">perceptual expectations</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=listening+strategies">listening strategies</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Arabic+phonological+system">Arabic phonological system</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=French+sounds">French sounds</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=The+interest+of+the+soundscape+approach+for+teaching+foreign+languages%3A+Learning+the+phonic+component+of+French+in+the+Algerian+context%0AThis+paper+proposes+to+highlight+the+importance+of+a+phonetic+approach+that+considers+languages+as+essentially+sound+objects+and+examines+its+didactic+implications.+Lhote+tried+to+demonstrate+the+effectiveness+of+such+a+so-called+simplistic+approach.+The+research+paper+discusses+the+precepts+of+this+approach+in+relation+to+particular+situations+drawn+from+an+Algerian+context.+Every+time+a+concept+is+introduced%2C+it+will+be+followed+by+an+illustration.+The+results+of+this+research+paper+revealed+that+the+soundscape+approach+is+a+framework+built+on+active+listening+that+is+based+on+triggering%2C+anchoring+and+identification.+The+triggering+of+comprehension+occurs+when+the+words+are+picked+up%3A+a+contrastive+phonetic+analysis+makes+it+possible+to+filter+the+specific+properties+of+the+two+coexisting+phonic+systems+and+to+highlight+the+differences.+In+fact%2C+Lhote+aims+for+a+pedagogy+of+listening%2C+and+the+application+of+his+approach+will+allow+us+to+identify+the+nodes+of+the+phonic-perceptual+crossing%2C+to+explain+the+differences+between+the+sound+properties+of+Arabic+and+French.+The+mother+tongue+L1+%28Algerian+Arabic%29+and+Standard+Arabic%2C+two+genetically+related+languages%2C+play+the+role+of+mediator+and+facilitator+in+the+learning+process+of+the+French+phonological+system.+Algerian+Arabic%2C+more+open+to+intrinsic+changes+%28routine+adaptations+of+French%2C+Spanish%2C+Turkish+borrowings%2C+neologisms%2C+etc.%29%2C+has+a+richer+vowel+system+than+that+of+standard+Arabic+and+therefore+offers+better+appropriation+of+French+vocalism.+On+the+other+hand%2C+Standard+Arabic+characterized+by+a+rich+and+fixed+consonant+system+facilitates+the+acquisition+of+the+phonetic+system+of+several+other+languages+such+as+English+and+Spanish.This+approach+will+also+allow+Algerian+learners+to+develop+orientation+strategies+in+the+French+language+L2.+These+active+listening+strategies+%28performed+listening+where+the+learner+acquires+the+model+of+French+words%2C+sentences%2C+and+speech+with+efficiency%29+make+comprehension+and+oral+expression+tasks+less+difficult.">The interest of the soundscape approach for teaching foreign languages: Learning the phonic component of French in the Algerian context<br />
This paper proposes to highlight the importance of a phonetic approach that considers languages as essentially sound objects and examines its didactic implications. Lhote tried to demonstrate the effectiveness of such a so-called simplistic approach. The research paper discusses the precepts of this approach in relation to particular situations drawn from an Algerian context. Every time a concept is introduced, it will be followed by an illustration. The results of this research paper revealed that the soundscape approach is a framework built on active listening that is based on triggering, anchoring and identification. The triggering of comprehension occurs when the words are picked up: a contrastive phonetic analysis makes it possible to filter the specific properties of the two coexisting phonic systems and to highlight the differences. In fact, Lhote aims for a pedagogy of listening, and the application of his approach will allow us to identify the nodes of the phonic-perceptual crossing, to explain the differences between the sound properties of Arabic and French. The mother tongue L1 (Algerian Arabic) and Standard Arabic, two genetically related languages, play the role of mediator and facilitator in the learning process of the French phonological system. Algerian Arabic, more open to intrinsic changes (routine adaptations of French, Spanish, Turkish borrowings, neologisms, etc.), has a richer vowel system than that of standard Arabic and therefore offers better appropriation of French vocalism. On the other hand, Standard Arabic characterized by a rich and fixed consonant system facilitates the acquisition of the phonetic system of several other languages such as English and Spanish.This approach will also allow Algerian learners to develop orientation strategies in the French language L2. These active listening strategies (performed listening where the learner acquires the model of French words, sentences, and speech with efficiency) make comprehension and oral expression tasks less difficult.</a>]]></dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Traduction+et+Langues%3B+Vol+10+No+1+%282011%29%3A+Traduction+et+Langues+Volume+10%3A+Num%C3%A9ro%3A+1%2FAo%C3%BBt+2011%3B+6-20">Traduction et Langues; Vol 10 No 1 (2011): Traduction et Langues Volume 10: Numéro: 1/Août 2011; 6-20</a>]]></dcterms:source>
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    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=University+of+Oran+2+Mohamed+Ben+Ahmed">University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</a>]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2011-08-31">2011-08-31</a>]]></dcterms:date>
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</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://www.ajpsdz.org/dx/items/show/7351">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[<script>
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Phonetic+beams">Phonetic beams</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=spectral+analysis">spectral analysis</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Arabic+pronunciation">Arabic pronunciation</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Phonetic+beams">Phonetic beams</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=spectral+analysis">spectral analysis</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Arabic+pronunciation">Arabic pronunciation</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=analytical+levels">analytical levels</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Arabic+voice.">Arabic voice.</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Phonetic+beams+and+their+role+in+the+spectral+analysis+of+the+Arabic+pronunciation%0AThe+basis+of+every+linguistic+normative%2C+was+its+pronunciation%2C+and+its+vocal+performance+and+acoustic+studies+became+an+important+basis+upon+which+linguistic+research+is+based%2C+morphological%2C+grammatical%2C+lexical+and+semantic%2C+and+it+was+natural+to+derive+the+premises+of+research+from+the+applied+means+available+on+the+phonetic+lessons%2C+whether+they+were+anatomical+means+or+physical+or+by+making+use+of+modern+technical+data.+Moreover%2C+the+Arabic+linguistic+phoneme+constitutes+a+composition+of+the+basic+units+upon+which+the+linguistic+levels+are+based%2C+but+the+distinction+between+consonants+and+vowels+remains+of+great+theoretical+and+scientific+importance%2C+from+the+phonetic+side+and+at+all+analytical+levels.+Between+the+consonant+and+the+vowel%2C+rather+it+attempts+to+analyze+the+elements+of+the+linguistic+sound+and+divide+it+abstractly%3B+So+that+we+have+done+the+process+of+construction+and+installation+to+clear+the+picture+of+the+linguistic+sound+in+both+parts.">Phonetic beams and their role in the spectral analysis of the Arabic pronunciation<br />
The basis of every linguistic normative, was its pronunciation, and its vocal performance and acoustic studies became an important basis upon which linguistic research is based, morphological, grammatical, lexical and semantic, and it was natural to derive the premises of research from the applied means available on the phonetic lessons, whether they were anatomical means or physical or by making use of modern technical data. Moreover, the Arabic linguistic phoneme constitutes a composition of the basic units upon which the linguistic levels are based, but the distinction between consonants and vowels remains of great theoretical and scientific importance, from the phonetic side and at all analytical levels. Between the consonant and the vowel, rather it attempts to analyze the elements of the linguistic sound and divide it abstractly; So that we have done the process of construction and installation to clear the picture of the linguistic sound in both parts.</a>]]></dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2010-12-31">2010-12-31</a>]]></dcterms:date>
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    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Peer-reviewed+Article">Peer-reviewed Article</a>]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=https%3A%2F%2Frevue.univ-oran2.dz%2Frevuetranslang%2Findex.php%2Ftranslang%2Farticle%2Fview%2F481">https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/481</a>]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=10.52919%2Ftranslang.v9i2.481">10.52919/translang.v9i2.481</a>]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://www.ajpsdz.org/dx/items/show/7350">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[<script>
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				var str = 'الأمن الفكري المغاربي بين ثقافة التغيير وتغيير الثقافة';
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    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Intellectual+security">Intellectual security</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=culture+of+change">culture of change</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=human+commonality">human commonality</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=cultural+dialogue">cultural dialogue</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=cultural+project">cultural project</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Intellectual+security">Intellectual security</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=culture+of+change">culture of change</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=human+commonality">human commonality</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=cultural+dialogue">cultural dialogue</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=cultural+project.">cultural project.</a>]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Maghreb+intellectual+security+between+a+culture+of+change+and+a+change+of+culture%0AThe+research+in+the+circle+of+the+human+common%2C+when+rooting+the+idea%2C+of+everything+that+is+human+inclusive+between+human+beings+may+be+purposeful+and+more+useful%2C+away+from+the+artificial+divisions+between+different+races+and+religions+across+time+and+place.+Hence%2C+the+possibility+of+the+cultural+common+hypothesis+may+turn+into+a+reality+and+experience%2C+and+the+problem+lies+in+the+possession+of+a+set+of+mechanisms+and+efforts+to+possess+a+societal+culture+in+line+with+the+current+urban+propositions+and+the+future+rhythm.+Finally%2C+the+researcher+concluded+that+it+is+imperative+that+university+should+exert+its+efforts+to+consolidate+the+concepts+of+dialogue+and+democracy+in+the+nation%E2%80%99s+memory+and+educate+young+people+to+express+opinion%2C+debate%2C+and+thinking%2C+just+as+university+can+envisage+everything+that+is+disgraceful+to+human+thought.">Maghreb intellectual security between a culture of change and a change of culture<br />
The research in the circle of the human common, when rooting the idea, of everything that is human inclusive between human beings may be purposeful and more useful, away from the artificial divisions between different races and religions across time and place. Hence, the possibility of the cultural common hypothesis may turn into a reality and experience, and the problem lies in the possession of a set of mechanisms and efforts to possess a societal culture in line with the current urban propositions and the future rhythm. Finally, the researcher concluded that it is imperative that university should exert its efforts to consolidate the concepts of dialogue and democracy in the nation’s memory and educate young people to express opinion, debate, and thinking, just as university can envisage everything that is disgraceful to human thought.</a>]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[<script>
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    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Traduction+et+Langues%3B+Vol+9+No+2+%282010%29%3A+Traduction+et+Langues+Volume+9%3A+Num%C3%A9ro%3A+2%2F+D%C3%A9cembre+2010+%3B+99-107">Traduction et Langues; Vol 9 No 2 (2010): Traduction et Langues Volume 9: Numéro: 2/ Décembre 2010 ; 99-107</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2600-6235">2600-6235</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1112-3974">1112-3974</a>]]></dcterms:source>
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    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=University+of+Oran+2+Mohamed+Ben+Ahmed">University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</a>]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[<a href="/dx/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2010-12-31">2010-12-31</a>]]></dcterms:date>
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