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var str = 'Constructing Identities and Modeling Leaderships in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies (1954): A Primitive-Civilized Binary Contex';
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var str = 'طه حسين والأسئلة الصعبة';
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أدب]]>
سؤال]]>
جواب]]>
نشر]]>
نقد]]>
literature]]>
question]]>
answer]]>
publishing]]>
critical]]>
To this day, William Golding’s Lord of the Flies has never ceased to surprise critics and researchers alike with the profundity, richness and novelty of its ideas and concepts. A huge body of studies and research papers have addressed a wide array of concepts ranging from primitiveness, civilization, symbolism of characters, power; alienation from culture and civilization, to the subversion and loss of faith in humanity and the vulnerability and decline of civilization in the face of savagery. Some studies have touched upon the concepts of leadership and identity, but slightly and as peripheral ideas. However, no study—to the researcher’s best knowledge—has treated the concepts of identity construction and leadership modeling as its key concern, or individually addressed them from a similar perspective. Hence, the current research paper investigates the concepts of identity constructs and leadership models together, and not only within the context of the primitive-civilized binary opposition, but also within a common and comprehensive frame of reference. Besides, it detects and analyzes various values, beliefs, and attitudes germane to the concepts under study, and the overall mechanism within which they operate as a unified whole to construct identities, model leaderships and become characteristically defining factors. ]]>
السؤال له أهميته القصوى في القراءات الفلسفية الحديثة والمعاصرة ، لأجل ذلك حاولنا من خلال هذه الدراسة أن نتوقف لدى المحاور الكبرى في التجربة الفكرية والأدبية لعميد الأدب الدكتور طه حسين ، حيث اتضح أن العمود الفقري لتجربته سيكون ممثلا أساسا في تلك الأسئلة التي طرحها على التراث ، والأدب ، ومصير الأمة الذي يشكل الأدب والثقافة أحد أوجهه...لأن السؤال مهم جدا في الحياة الأدبية لأجل ذلك فإن الإجابة تظل متاحة أمام الجميع ليسهم فيها . ]]>
Questions have always been o a great importance in the contemporaneous and recent philosophical readings. This motivates us to try through this study to rethink the main axis of the intellectual and literary experience of Taha Hussein considered as the dean of the Arabic literature. It has been confirmed that the essence of his experience will be constituted of those questions he had asked about heritage, literature and the destiny of the nation which some of its aspects are represented by culture and literature. Because question I very important in our life, thus answer may be given by any one in order to contribute in founding a pertinent one.]]>
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var str = 'al-Hiba, Mohammed';
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var str = 'مدور, مدني';
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Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; مجلد 1 عدد 3 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 18-28]]>
Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; Vol. 1 No. 3 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 18-28]]>
2959-037X]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i3]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية Review of Letters and Human Sciences; مجلد 14 عدد 2 (2021); 55-72]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021); 55-72]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No 2 (2021); 55-72]]>
2588-218X]]>
2335-1667]]>
10.59791/rlhs.v14i2]]>
Manar Elsharq for Studies and Research]]>
University of Batna1]]>
2023-11-04]]>
2021-12-27]]>
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Mohammed al-Hiba]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/445/485]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1280/1050]]>
application/pdf]]>
eng]]>
ara]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/445]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i3.445]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1280]]>
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var str = 'The Role of Perseverance and Determination in Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea';
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var str = 'حضور النكتة والاغنية الشعبية في مسرح ونوس';
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تراث]]>
شعبي]]>
نكتة]]>
أغنية]]>
شعبية]]>
heritage]]>
folk]]>
joke]]>
folk song]]>
Ernest Hemingway's novella, The Old Man and the Sea, has captivated readers for decades with its profound exploration of human resilience and the indomitable spirit of perseverance. This research paper examines the central themes of perseverance and determination in Hemingway's work and their significance in the protagonist's journey. The study employs a close reading approach, analyzing key passages and character interactions to unravel the multi-layered narrative of Santiago, an aging Cuban fisherman. Through his relentless pursuit of the marlin, a formidable opponent, the novella delves into themes of endurance, determination, and the human spirit's ability to overcome adversity. The paper investigates how Santiago's unwavering determination to capture the marlin serves as a metaphor for the human struggle against life's challenges. It explores the psychological and emotional dimensions of Santiago's character, highlighting his unwavering resolve and unyielding spirit in the face of physical exhaustion, isolation, and the relentless forces of nature. Additionally, this research paper examines the symbolism of the sea as a metaphor for life's unpredictable and unforgiving nature. It analyzes the character's interactions with the sea and the transformative effect it has on his mindset and perception of the world. The paper also explores the role of Santiago's relationship with the young boy, Manolin, as a source of emotional support and reinforcement of his determination. By examining the themes of perseverance and determination, this research paper sheds light on the broader existential questions raised by Hemingway's work. It explores the significance of individual willpower, the pursuit of personal goals, and the inherent struggle between man and nature. Through an in-depth analysis of The Old Man and the Sea, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the human condition and the timeless relevance of Hemingway's literary masterpiece.]]>
بدأ المسرح لمجموعة من العوامل السياسية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية ساعدت كلها على صناعة الوعي القومي لدى الكتاب فوجدوا في التراث خير معبر عما يختلج في صدورهم من مشاعر الألم والحزن لمصير الأمة العربية ، وأيقنوا أن توظيف التراث الشعبي عن طريق ما يشتمل عليه من معتقدات شّعبية وقصص وحكايات وأغان ونُكت تجري على ألسنة العامة ،يحقق لهم التواصل بين الماضي والحاضر كما أنه يقربهم من وجدان الجماهير لما يحمله هذا الأخير من مكانة في ذاكرة العربي تراثيا ولا يزال التراث سمته الأساسية لتأكيد طبيعته العربية ،ولذلك فقد حاول أغلب الكتاب المسرحيين العرب الاستفادة من الأشكال والظواهر التراثية الشعبية على صعيد الشكل والمضمون في سعيهم لتأصيل مسرح عربي .فكانت العودة إلى التراث الشعبي نتيجة الشعوب و وجدان الأمم. وعليه تأتي هذه الدراسة لتسلط الضوء على مدى حضور النكتة والأغنية الشعبية في مسرح ونوس.]]>
The Arabe theater began as a heritage, and the heritage is still its basic feature toconfirm its Arab nature. Therefore, most Arab playwrights tried to take advantageof the popular heritage forms and phenomena in terms of form and content in theirendeavor to establish Arab theater The return to the folklore was a result of a setof political, social and economic factors that all helped On creating nationalawareness among the writers, they found in the heritage the best expression of thefeelings of pain and sadness in their chests for the fate of the Arab nation, and theyrealized that employing the folklore through what it contained in popular beliefs,stories, stories, songs and jokes that were taking place on public tongues would bring them communication between the past. And the present also brings themcloser to the conscience of the masses because the latter holds a place in the memory of peoples and the conscience of nations]]>
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var str = 'Mocbil, Dr. Ahmed Saeed Ahmed';
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var str = 'تيايبية, عبدالوهاب';
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Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; مجلد 1 عدد 3 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 35-41]]>
Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; Vol. 1 No. 3 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 35-41]]>
2959-037X]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i3]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية Review of Letters and Human Sciences; مجلد 14 عدد 2 (2021); 73-92]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021); 73-92]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No 2 (2021); 73-92]]>
2588-218X]]>
2335-1667]]>
10.59791/rlhs.v14i2]]>
Manar Elsharq for Studies and Research]]>
University of Batna1]]>
2023-11-06]]>
2021-12-27]]>
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Ahmed Saeed Ahmed Mocbil]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/448/487]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1282/1052]]>
application/pdf]]>
eng]]>
ara]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/448]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i3.448]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1282]]>
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var str = 'A Pragmatic Study of Diminutives in Ahmad Shawqi’s Plays';
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var str = 'توظيف تقنية المزدوج في الرواية النسوية الجزائرية المعاصرة وفق منظور ميخائيل باختين -رواية (لعاب المحبرة) لسارة حيدر نموذجا';
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var str = 'Employing the dual technique in the contemporary Algerian feminist novel according to Mikhail Bakhtin’s perspective-The novel (The saliva of the inkwell) by Sarah Haidar as a model';
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Diminutive, communicative functions]]>
مزدوج]]>
تعددية لغوية]]>
حوارية]]>
سارة حيدر]]>
تفكك وعي]]>
Dual]]>
multilingualism]]>
dialogue]]>
Sarah Haidar]]>
deconstruction of consciousness]]>
The present research delves into a pragmatic analysis of diminutives within Shawqi’s plays, aiming to explore the multifaceted linguistic and cultural dimensions they bring to his dramatic discourse. Diminutives, linguistic constructions that denote smallness, affection, or endearment, have long been a significant element in the Arabic language and culture, serving various communicative functions. This research aims at investigating how diminutives are strategically employed by Shawqi to convey different meanings, evoke emotional responses, and shape character interactions. The present research uses extracts taken from selected plays as data. These plays are Antra, Majnoon Layla, Qhambeez, Ameerat Al-Andalus, and Ali Bey Al-Kabir. Drawing upon the framework of pragmatics, this research analyzes diminutives in selected plays by Ahmad Shawqi. The analysis involves a qualitative approach where diminutives in Ahmad Shawqi's plays are identified through character speeches, marked on pages, documented, and categorized by the researcher using content analysis following a systematic data collection process. It examines their contextual usage, communicative effects, and cultural connotations. Through a comprehensive examination of diminutives, their forms, and their roles in dialogue, characterization, and plot development, this research seeks to derive patterns and themes that illuminate Shawqi’s unique stylistic choices and the socio-cultural factor in which his works were crafted. By approaching Ahmad Shawqi’s plays from a pragmatic perspective, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate interplay between language, culture, and dramatic artistry. The textual analysis reveals that Diminutives in Shawqi’s plays serve as strategic tools, especially in romantic situations, enhancing emotional expression and character connections. They can convey both positive and negative emotions. Diminutives enrich literary works, reflecting cultural context and societal norms. They depict social hierarchies and relationships, adding depth to character portrayals. In essence, diminutives in Shawqi’s plays are context-dependent, contributing to a deeper understanding of characters and emotions. Ultimately, this study enriches our appreciation of Shawqi’s enduring contributions to Arabic literature and his mastery of linguistic devices in shaping the theatrical experience.]]>
يأتي المقال للكشف عن العلاقة الحوارية للحديث الذاتي للشخصية في رواية (لعاب المحبرة) للكاتبة الجزائرية "سارة حيدر"، وتبيان كيف تجلى المونولوج كآلية حوارية، وهذا ما اصطلح عليه "ميخائيل باختين"(MIKHAIL BAKHTINE) بالمزدوج، وهو تقنية سردية تعبر عن الوجود الموضوعي للصوت الثاني داخل المنظور الشخصي في الرواية، ومن خلاله يتولد التفاعل اللفظي الذي يحدث في شكل تبادل بين التلفظات الحوارية بين الشخصية كصوت أول و ذاتها / المزدوج كصوت ثاني، وبهذه الطريقة تتخلق التعددية اللغوية في الرواية، وقد تم مناقشتها في الرواية المنتخبة من خلال تجاوزها للبناء التقليدي و أيضا من خلال تعدد الذوات و تفكك الوعي فيها.]]>
The article comes to reveal the conversational relationship of the character's self-talk in the novel (The Saliva of the Mahbara) by the Algerian writer "Sarah Haidar", and to show how the monologue appeared as a dialogue mechanism. The second voice is within the personal perspective in the novel, and through it the verbal interaction is generated that takes place in the form of an exchange between the dialogue pronunciations between the character as the first voice and the self / double as the second voice, and in this way multilingualism is created in the novel. Disintegration of consciousness in it.]]>
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var str = 'Kamal Hazim Hussien';
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var str = 'بوعبد الله, صونيا';
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Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; مجلد 1 عدد 3 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 1-12]]>
Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; Vol. 1 No. 3 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 1-12]]>
2959-037X]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i3]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية Review of Letters and Human Sciences; مجلد 14 عدد 2 (2021); 93-106]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021); 93-106]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No 2 (2021); 93-106]]>
2588-218X]]>
2335-1667]]>
10.59791/rlhs.v14i2]]>
Manar Elsharq for Studies and Research]]>
University of Batna1]]>
2023-10-31]]>
2021-12-27]]>
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Noura Muhammad Saleem Saeed, Kamal Hazim Hussien]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/490/483]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1283/1053]]>
application/pdf]]>
eng]]>
ara]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/490]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i3.490]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1283]]>
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var str = 'The Absurdity of Life in Arthur Miller's Death of A Salesman: A Psychological Perspective';
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var str = 'الموت حديث النهايات وإيقاع حياة مقاربة تأويلية لنص: " الموت" لياسين بوذراع نوري';
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var str = 'Death is the talk of the ends and the rhythm of life: an Interpretive Approach to the Text of "Death" by the Poet Yacine Boudraa Nouri';
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Absurdity of life, social issue, psychological damage]]>
المجابهة التأملية]]>
إيقاع الأنسنة]]>
مرايا الذات]]>
البعد الدرامي]]>
الكائن المفهومي الإشكالي.]]>
contemplative confrontation]]>
the rhythm of humanism]]>
mirrors of the self]]>
the dramatic dimension]]>
the conceptual object]]>
The research paper deals with Arthur Asher Miller's treatment of a very significant social issue during and after one of the worst epochs in the America's history when lower class such as workers suffer a lot as they are neglected and no longer respected which leads to the absurdity of life for the individuals of this important and destitute slice of the U.S. community and almost culminates in dangerous psychological damages to them. In his play, entitled Death of a Salesman (1949), Miller presents the tragic character (Willy Loman) who exerts not only his strenuous efforts but also his entire life in boosting the company where he works but finally he has been frustrated as he has been tossed like a peel of a banana outside the company without even a pension due to his old age. In his masterpiece, Miller (1915-2005) relies heavily on the art of Expressionism when he exploits memories, dreams, flash-back as well as symbols and exaggeration to reveal the emotions, pains and discomfort not only of Willy but also of some of other characters.]]>
يشكل الشعر أحد الفنون التي استطاعت أن تنفذ إلى أعماق الوجود الإنساني لمقاربة حالات الروح والغيب، بما فيها عالم الموت، بما يمتلكه من مقدرة تخييلية على تجسيد المجرد والغيبي، وهي الطاقة التي تخرج به من عالم الغامض والمجهول، لتؤنسنه، وهذا ما يتمظهر بشكل واضح في نص " الموت" للشاعر ياسين بوذراع نوري ؛ الشاعر والفنان التشكيلي .تأتي هذه الدراسة كمقاربة تأويلية لنص "الموت "، عبر رصد العلاقة التي تجمع الموت بالفن كمدخل نظري للموضوع، يتتبع البعد الفلسفي الجمالي للموت عن طريق الفن، و تأتي دراسة دلائلية العنوان وتداعياتها على النص كعتبة الدخول إليه، ثم البحث في كتابة الموت وأنسنة المجرد، ثم تتبع بناء الدلالة وهندسة التشكيل الشعري في هذا النص، والتي تبدي الصور والمشاهد والاستعارات التي استطاعت بعمق وذكاء فني فلسفي جمالي أن تخرج الموت من عالم المجهول المرعب الغامض، إلى عالم الكائن المؤنس.]]>
Poetry is an art that has been able to delve into the depths of human existence to approach both the states of the soul and the unseen, including the world of death. The latter has an imaginative ability to embody the abstract and the unseen. This ability is the energy that takes it out of the world of the mysterious and the unknown, to be humanized. This is clearly evident in the text of “Death” by the poet Yacine Boudraa Nouri, the poet and figurative artist. The following study is an interpretive approach to the text "death", by observing the relationship between death and art as a theoretical introduction to the topic through tracing the aesthetic philosophical dimension of death through art. As an entry point, the semantics of the title and its implications for the text are studied, which is followed by an examination of the writings of death and the humanization of the abstract, and then with the study of semantics and the geometry of poetic formation in this text. This study shows the images, scenes and metaphors that managed with a profound artistic, philosophical and aesthetic intelligence to bring death out of the terrifying and mysterious unknown world, to the world of humanism.]]>
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var str = 'مسعودي, سليمة';
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Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; مجلد 1 عدد 3 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 13-17]]>
Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; Vol. 1 No. 3 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 13-17]]>
2959-037X]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i3]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية Review of Letters and Human Sciences; مجلد 14 عدد 2 (2021); 107-128]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021); 107-128]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No 2 (2021); 107-128]]>
2588-218X]]>
2335-1667]]>
10.59791/rlhs.v14i2]]>
Manar Elsharq for Studies and Research]]>
University of Batna1]]>
2023-10-31]]>
2021-12-27]]>
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Ghassan Awad Ibrahim]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/491/484]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1284/1054]]>
application/pdf]]>
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ara]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/491]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i3.491]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1284]]>
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var str = 'The Concept of Marriage in Different Cultures: A Comparative Study';
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Marriage, patriarchal, feminism, Simone De Beauvoir, the other.]]>
مجتمع]]>
أنثى]]>
رجل]]>
مركز]]>
هامش]]>
Community]]>
female]]>
man]]>
center]]>
fringe]]>
This paper aims to study the concept of marriage in the works of three authors, Charlotte Bronte, Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, and Vikram Seth. The study focuses on the role of female characters towards and within marriage, and the influence of marriage on their lives. The attempt is to depict how women in different times and parts of the world confront inappropriate social conventions. In other words, some women in different parts of the world have no right to choose their partners in patriarchal societies. Jane Eyre is the protagonist of Bronte’s novel, Lata the protagonist of Vikram Seth’s novel, and the two protagonists in Divakaruni,s short stories; “The Bats” and “Clothes” are introduced. Marriage for the protagonists of these three literary works is like a one-way journey, a point with no return. It alters their lives and brings them either happiness or misery. Throughout the current paper, the different attitudes towards marriage will be viewed to show the positive and negative aspects of marriage. A feminist perspective will be employed in analyzing the three literary works. ]]>
تعد الرواية النسوية الجزائرية من أهم الأجناس الأدبية التي استطاعت مسايرة مختلف الأوضاع الاجتماعية والثقافية والسياسية، والتي مر بها المجتمع وخاصة في مرحلة التسعينيات –العشرية السوداء- فرغم صعوبة الظروف وحساسية المواقف، إلا أن الأديبة الجزائرية فضيلة الفاروق استطاعت في روايتها تاء الخجل تسليط الضوء على مجموعة من القضايا الحساسة التي كانت في وقت مضى تعد خطوطا حمراء لا يمكن تجاوزها والإفصاح عنها في المجتمع الجزائري منها مسالة الذكورة الأنوثة الهامش، المركزي، الأنا والأخر، حيث ساهمت هذه الثنائيات في طرح الكثير من الإشكاليات المتعلقة بعلاقة الأنا الأنثوية بالآخر المفرد (الرجل) أو الجماعة (المجتمع). لتبرز لنا في النهاية مدى انكسار تشظي الذات الأنثوية نتيجة توافق وتكامل منظومة من العلاقات الفردية والجماعية والتي دعمتها الخلقية الثقافية.]]>
The Algerian feminist novel is one of the most important literary races that has been able to keep pace with the various social, cultural and political conditions that society went through, especially in the 1990s- the black decade. Despite the difficult circumstances and sensitivity of the situations, Algerian writer Fadhila Al-Faruq was able in her novel T.J. Shyness to highlight a range of sensitive issues that were once considered red lines that could not be crossed and revealed in Algerian society, including the issue of masculinity, femininity, the margin, the ego and the other, as these dualities contributed to many problems related to the relationship of the female ego to the singular (man) or community (society). To finally show us the extent to which the fragmentation of the female self is broken as a result of the compatibility and integration of a system of individual and collective relationships supported by cultural morality]]>
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var str = 'Asmaa Mohanad Saad';
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var str = 'Muntaha Abdul Sahib';
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var str = 'بعيرة, عقيلة';
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Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; مجلد 1 عدد 3 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 29-34]]>
Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; Vol. 1 No. 3 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 29-34]]>
2959-037X]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i3]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية Review of Letters and Human Sciences; مجلد 14 عدد 2 (2021); 129-144]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021); 129-144]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No 2 (2021); 129-144]]>
2588-218X]]>
2335-1667]]>
10.59791/rlhs.v14i2]]>
Manar Elsharq for Studies and Research]]>
University of Batna1]]>
2023-11-06]]>
2021-12-27]]>
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Mayada Rahim Eesa , Asmaa Mohanad Saad, Muntaha Abdul Sahib]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/495/486]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1324/1088]]>
application/pdf]]>
eng]]>
ara]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/495]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i3.495]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1324]]>
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var str = 'Teaching Ecological Awareness Through Literature: A Case Study of Ghassan Kanafani’s Returning to Haifa';
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Ecocriticism, Ecological awareness, Ghassan Kanfani, Environmental crises]]>
تراث]]>
منهج]]>
شك]]>
نقد]]>
فعالية]]>
heritage]]>
Method]]>
Doubt]]>
Critic]]>
effectiveness]]>
Theories like Feminism, Marxism and Post-colonialism work on the contextualization of literature. Exponents of these theories promote the employment of such approaches in the field of education in order to raise the students’ awareness towards social and political issues, and help them inculcate and develop the skill of critical reading of literary texts. In the 1990s, a new approach evolved in the domain of literary studies that called for the same task but from a different perspective, i.e. Ecocriticism. Hence, taking Ecocriticism as a theoretical framework, the paper in hand has discussed Ghassan Kanafani’s novella Returning to Haifa with a special focus on the use of nature and environment with their various meanings and connotations in the novella. The paper’s main objective is to contribute in the promotion of Ecocriticism as a tool for critical reading. It also aimed at raising students’ awareness of environmental crises, particularly those caused by conflicts and wars. The paper has postulated that Ecological awareness would help students to gain better understanding of the consequences of conflicts and to be more cautious in their treatment of the environment around them. After the analysis of Kanafani’s novella, the researcher found that the author attempted to convey messages to the readers through his treatment of nature. Most of these messages lament the loss of the natural elements as well as the human intuitive nature due to wars and conflicts that result in displacement of people and hence the destruction of environment and imbalance in the ecosystem.]]>
يعد كتاب"في الشعر الجاهلي" لـــ "طه حسين" واحدا من الكتب النقدية التي لقيت جدلا واسعا في الساحتين الأدبية والنقدية بسبب ما أثاره من قضايا يراها كثير من النقاد خطيرة تشكك في صحة المصدر الأول للتراث الشعري العربي، مصطنعا في ذلك منهج الشك الديكارتي، حيث تناول في دراسته نماذج لأهم الشعراء الجاهليين وأشعارهم، ونحن في هذا المقال حاولنا تتبع هذه التجربة النقدية والوقوف على ما كان يرمي إليه "طه حسين" في دراسته هذه، حيث طرحنا مجموعة من الإشكاليات التي تمس صميم هذا الموضوع وتحيط بأطرافه، ولتناوله بطريقة مناسبة وظفنا المنهجين: التاريخي والتحليلي.]]>
A book on pre-Islamic poetry« fi chir el jahili » by Taha Hussein is considered one of the critical books that has met with widespread controversy in the literary and critical arenas because of the issues it raised, which many critics see as dangerous questioning the validity of the first source of Arab poetic heritage. His study of examples of the most important pre-Islamic poets and their poems, using the method of Cartesian doubt and in this article we tried to trace this critical experiment and stand on what Taha Hussein was aiming for in his study, where we presented some of questions that touch the depth of this topic and surround its edges, to address it in an appropriate way, we employed the two approaches: historical and analytical.]]>
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Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; مجلد 1 عدد 1 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies (MEJLLS) ; 1-5]]>
Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies (MEJLLS) ; 1-5]]>
2959-037X]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i1]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية Review of Letters and Human Sciences; مجلد 14 عدد 2 (2021); 145-180]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021); 145-180]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No 2 (2021); 145-180]]>
2588-218X]]>
2335-1667]]>
10.59791/rlhs.v14i2]]>
Manar Elsharq for Studies and Research]]>
University of Batna1]]>
2023-02-22]]>
2021-12-27]]>
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Abdulkader M. H. Onin]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/336/354]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i1.336.g354]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1326/1089]]>
application/pdf]]>
eng]]>
ara]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/336]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i1.336]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1326]]>
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var str = '“Black or White” : Cultural Separation in August Wilson’s Two Trains Running';
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var str = 'السخرية: بین المدلول اللغوي والتوظيف الاجتماعي والسياسي.';
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August Wilson, African American, Memphis, racism, the Whites.]]>
سخرية]]>
كوميديا]]>
نكتة]]>
تهكم]]>
فكاهة]]>
Irony]]>
Comedy]]>
Joke]]>
Sarcasm]]>
Humor]]>
Being the winner of two Pulitzer Prizes, August Wilson is an African American dramatist who mingles African American culture and heritage in his play “Two Trains Running” that was published in 1990. The play concentrates on the feelings of African American individuals in a time when those people start to stand against the inequality and justice in society. This paper focused on how Wilson separates between the two cultures; Black and White, and the struggle between the two cultures in society. The paper also studied how the character of Hambone suffers until death in order to understand the struggle of his ancestors in the past. The paper proves that Wilson’s play is a bridge between the Civil Rights movement and Black Power through the depiction of tensions between the characters who suffer the trauma of white exploitation and racism. The paper concludes that because of racism black individual should have a double consciousness in order to live peacefully in America.]]>
تعتبر السخرية من الفنون الأكثر فعالية وقوة، حيث تمتلك القدرة على تسليط الضوء على أوجه القصور في بعض السلوكيات البشرية، ونقد القضايا الاجتماعية بطريقة مسلية وممتعة، وبالتالي يصل هذا النوع من الفنون وينتشر بين قاعدة جماهيرية عريضة، لأنه يعتمد على المعنى الضمني اللاذع، دون التصريح العلني، وبالتالي يعتبر من الأدوات الفعالة والقوية، ووسيلة للتنفيس خلال الفترات القمعية العصيبة بلغة ساخرة ملؤها الضحك والمزاح. السخرية لا تعني الضحك من أجل الضحك فهذا يسمى تهريجا، إنما هي كوميديا سوداء تعكس أوجاع المواطن السياسية والاجتماعية، ويقدمها بقالب ساخر يرسم البسمة على الوجه، ويضع خنجرا في القلب، باستخدام أدوات مثل النكتة، الهجاء، التهكم وغيرها.]]>
Irony is one of the most effective and powerful arts, with the ability to highlight the shortcomings of certain human behaviors and to criticize social issues in an entertaining and pleasant way. Thus, this kind of art connects and spreads between a broad mass base, because it depends on the illustrious meaning, without public statement, and is thus an effective and powerful tool, and a means of venting during difficult oppressive periods in satire. Irony doesn't mean laughing. It's called joking. It's a black comedy that reflects a citizen's political and social agony, using tools like joke, sarcasm, etc.]]>
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Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; مجلد 1 عدد 1 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies (MEJLLS) ; 6-15]]>
Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies (MEJLLS) ; 6-15]]>
2959-037X]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i1]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية Review of Letters and Human Sciences; مجلد 14 عدد 2 (2021); 181-200]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021); 181-200]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No 2 (2021); 181-200]]>
2588-218X]]>
2335-1667]]>
10.59791/rlhs.v14i2]]>
Manar Elsharq for Studies and Research]]>
University of Batna1]]>
2023-02-22]]>
2021-12-27]]>
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Sami Abed Hassan]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/337/347]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i1.337.g347]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1328/1091]]>
application/pdf]]>
eng]]>
ara]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/337]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i1.337]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1328]]>
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var str = 'السارد في رحلة التجاني';
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Renaissance, Doctor Faustus, Christopher Marlowe, Colonialism, Reformation, Geographical Exploration.]]>
رحلة]]>
سارد]]>
صوت]]>
رؤية]]>
وظائف]]>
journey]]>
Narrator]]>
voice]]>
Vision]]>
Functions]]>
The paper assumes that the character of Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus represents most of the characteristics of the Renaissance. After a short introduction, the paper starts reviewing some features of the Renaissance which are applicable to the character of Doctor Faustus, just like the revolt against religion and medieval standards; then, the researcher shifts to other essential features of Renaissance which are: spirit of adventure, geographical exploration and colonialism. Later, he continues exploring other properties of the Renaissance man which can be applied to the character of Faustus such as the lust for knowledge, the interest of Classic culture and the appearance of the earlier thoughts of nationalism and individualism.]]>
سنصرف اهتمامنا في هذه الدراسة إلى استجلاء تمظهرات السارد في رحلة التجاني (670 أو 675ه / 717ه)، والوجه في ذلك أن التبئير يقع على الذات المتكلمة في الرحلة؛ فهو مطابق للمؤلف / الرحالة وكل هذه العناصر تحيل إلى السارد القائم بسرد الحكاية الناهض باستثمار المحكي الذاتي كآلية للإخبار والعرض متحكم في بناء سردية النص الرحلي. موجه لمساره بما ينجزه من أقوال. إن البحث في مسألة السارد في هذه الرحلة من شأنه أن يمكننا من آليات جديدة نكشف بها أغوار هذا النص الأدبي الذي ما يزال محتفظا بألقه الفني وطاقته الأدبية العالية. رغم ما كتب عنه من دراسات حاولت استكشاف تلك الأدبية ومقوماتها الفنية. لذلك سنعمل على رصد صورة السارد المتفرد في صياغته وقدرته على تنويع صور الخطاب والتلفظ. في هذا النص المتميز بارتهانه لبنية السفر كمرتكز سردي تهيمن فيه الرؤية المتنوعة للذات اللافظة لإعادة إنتاج تجربة الرحالة في محكي أساسه السرد وقاعدته الوصف، علنا نظفر ببعض المقومات السردية الخاصة بالرحلة.]]>
In this study, we will focus our attention on clarifying the manifestations of the Narrator in the journey of a al-Tijani (670 or 675 ah, 717 ah). The reason for this is that the predicate is on the speaking self in the journey; it is identical to the author / the traveler, and all of these elements refer to the narrator who narrates the tale who rises with the investment of the self-narrator as a mechanism for telling and presenting, controlling the Construction of the narrative of the nomadic text. Researching the issue of the narration in this journey would enable us to find new mechanisms by which we uncover the depths of this literary text, which still retains its artistics strength and high literary energy, I have tried through this studyto explore those literary and artistic components as well as diversifing the forms of speech and pronunciation. In this text which is distinguished by its dependence on the structure of travel as a narrative anchor, in which the diverse vision of the verbal self dominates to reproduce the experience of the traveler in a narrative whose basis is narration and whose base in description in public, we gain of thenarrative elements of the traveler]]>
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Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; مجلد 1 عدد 1 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies (MEJLLS) ; 16-25]]>
Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies (MEJLLS) ; 16-25]]>
2959-037X]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i1]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية Review of Letters and Human Sciences; مجلد 14 عدد 2 (2021); 201-220]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021); 201-220]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No 2 (2021); 201-220]]>
2588-218X]]>
2335-1667]]>
10.59791/rlhs.v14i2]]>
Manar Elsharq for Studies and Research]]>
University of Batna1]]>
2023-02-22]]>
2021-12-27]]>
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Mahmood Faiz Gaddawi]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/338/346]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i1.338.g346]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1333/1094]]>
application/pdf]]>
eng]]>
ara]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/338]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i1.338]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1333]]>
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var str = 'A Study of the Variation of Register in Arabic Discourse';
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var str = 'الذاتية بين فن السيرة والرواية السير ذاتية';
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var str = 'Autobiography between the art of biography and the autobiographical novel';
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]]>
Variation of register, hypothesis, theatrical overview]]>
ذاتية]]>
ذات]]>
سيرة]]>
تجربة روائية]]>
autobiography]]>
self]]>
biography]]>
Narrative experience]]>
This study reviews the development of research on register variation (RV) in the course of the only remaining century to the present, underscoring the impact of corpus investigations on its most noteworthy advances and furthermore on its significant shortcomings and ambiguities. Looking for viable and valuable techniques to break down language registers, in the second piece of the paper, the creators sketch an alternate way to deal with RV which has been utilized in the course of the most recent ten years in language instructing at college level and expert correspondence preparing.]]>
تروم هذه الدراسة كشف تجربة الذات في الكتابة الروائية كونها أكثر الأنواع الأدبية تجاوبا مع معطيات الوعي الإنساني عموما، وبوح الذات في علاقتها بهذا الوعي وتساؤلاته حول الوجود، والواقع... بشكل خاص، ولعل هذه التجربة تستدعي خطابا ذاتيا يمتزج فيه سرد السيرة الذاتية وسرد الرواية، فينتج سرد روائي سير ذاتي يحمل خصوصية بوح واعترافات صاحب السيرة، وتلميح صاحب الرواية، ويجتمع فيه الواقع بالمتخيل، ضمن ما يسمى بالرواية السير ذاتية. تبعا لهذا التصور نبحث في إشكالية التجنيس والتعالق بين الرواية والسيرة الذاتية. ]]>
This study aims to reveal the experience of the self in fictional writing as it is the most responsive literary genre to the data of human consciousness in general, and the self-disclosure in its relationship to this awareness and its questions about existence, and reality... in particular. This experience might call for a subjective discourse in which the biographical narration and the narration of the novel are mixed, resulting in an autobiographical narrative that bears the privacy of the revelation and confessions of the author of the biography, and the author’s suggestions, in which reality meets the imagined, within the so-called biographical novel. According to this perception, we wonder about the feasibility of the novelist’s text, “A Migrant Waiting for the Supporters,” celebrating the writer’s identity, revealing her worlds that stretch between the real and the imaginary, and we discuss the problem of naturalization and the relationship between the novel and the biography.]]>
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var str = 'بوصبع, شهيناز';
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var str = 'منصوري, نجوى';
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Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; مجلد 1 عدد 1 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies (MEJLLS) ; 26-34]]>
Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies (MEJLLS) ; 26-34]]>
2959-037X]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i1]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية Review of Letters and Human Sciences; مجلد 14 عدد 2 (2021); 221-240]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021); 221-240]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No 2 (2021); 221-240]]>
2588-218X]]>
2335-1667]]>
10.59791/rlhs.v14i2]]>
Manar Elsharq for Studies and Research]]>
University of Batna1]]>
2023-02-22]]>
2021-12-27]]>
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Ahlam Mohsin Maree Al-Tai]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/339/345]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i1.339.g345]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1337/1096]]>
application/pdf]]>
eng]]>
ara]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/339]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i1.339]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1337]]>
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var str = 'الدراسات البينية: نحو إستراتيجية بديلة في البحث العلمي';
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var str = 'Interdisciplinary studies: towards an alternative strategy in scientific';
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Indirectness, Gender, cultural influence.]]>
دراسات بينية]]>
بحث علمي]]>
تخصصات أحادية]]>
إستراتيجية]]>
Interdisciplinary studies]]>
scientific research]]>
mono disciplines]]>
Strategy]]>
This study explores the use of indirectness in female conversations, specifically examining the differences in indirectness when interacting with females and males. The hypothesis posits that females employ indirectness differently based on the gender of their interlocutors and that politeness serves as the main motivation for using indirect communication. The research aims to investigate the patterns of indirectness in informal everyday conversations. Data were collected from Mosuli Arabic participants, aged 30-50, with similar social backgrounds but varying educational levels. The study adopts Holtgraves' speech act theory (2002) and Grice's cooperative principle (1975) as the theoretical framework for data analysis. The analysis focuses on 12 selected extracts from smartphone recordings of family, friends, and relative gatherings. Findings reveal that females employ indirectness in distinct ways when interacting with females and males. Politeness, particularly positive politeness, emerges as a primary motivation for using indirect communication in both contexts. In female-female interactions, the nature of the relationship between interlocutors plays a significant role, leading to indirectness being used for intensity, politeness, or even shaming. Cultural factors influence the occurrence of impolite and shaming messages among Arab females. Findings also reveal that in interactions with males, politeness remains prominent, but indirectness is also employed for criticism and defending others. The use of indirectness with males appears to be less influenced by the relationship or age between interlocutors. These findings highlight the complex nature of indirect communication, which is influenced by factors like politeness, dynamics within relationships, and cultural influences.]]>
تسعى هذه الورقة البحثية إلى بيان أهمية الدراسات البينية في راهن البحث العلمي؛ لما أثبتته من مقدرة على تجاوز عدد من الإشكالات العالقة في ميادين العلم أحادية التخصص، ما استدعى التوجه إلى الحقل العابر للتخصصات كإستراتيجية بديلة أحسنت ربط العلوم المختلفة وأعطتها قدرة الانفتاح فيما بينها، مولدة بذلك حقلا معرفيا ينطلق من فكرة التفاعل بين مختلف التخصصات وغايته تحقيق التكامل ما أمكن. وقد تسلح البحث في هذا الطرح بآليات المنهج التحليلي لبيان ماهية الدراسات البينية وإشكالية منظومتها الاصطلاحية، مشيرا إلى أهم خصائصها وأبرز مجالاتها،مؤكدين في الأخير إلى المكانة القيمية لهذا النوع من الدراسات في البحث العلمي إن على المستوى المفاهيمي أو على المستوى المنهجي أين ستنبثق رؤية عابرة للتخصصات تعمل على كسر حواجز المنع بين مجالات العلم.]]>
This research paper seeks to illustrate the importance of inter-studies in the current research topic. Because of its ability to transcend a number of outstanding problems in the unified fields, what necessitated heading to the trans-field of disciplines as an alternative strategy that improved the linking of different sciences . The research armed in this discourse with the mechanisms of the analytical approach to show what interfacial studies are and the problematic of their idiomatic system, pointing to the most important characteristics, stressing at the end to the value position of this type of studies in scientific research. where a transient vision of disciplines will emerge It works to break the barriers of prevention between the fields of science.]]>
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var str = 'Hussein, Kamal Hazim';
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var str = 'خميس, نادية';
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Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; مجلد 1 عدد 2 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 1-10]]>
Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 1-10]]>
2959-037X]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i2]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية Review of Letters and Human Sciences; مجلد 14 عدد 2 (2021); 241-260]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021); 241-260]]>
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No 2 (2021); 241-260]]>
2588-218X]]>
2335-1667]]>
10.59791/rlhs.v14i2]]>
Manar Elsharq for Studies and Research]]>
University of Batna1]]>
2023-07-26]]>
2021-12-27]]>
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Safa Ayham Abdulqader, Kamal Hazim Hussein]]>
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/424/424]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1339/1098]]>
application/pdf]]>
eng]]>
ara]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/article]]>
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion]]>
مؤلَّف محكَّم]]>
http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/424]]>
10.56961/mejlls.v1i2.424]]>
https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1339]]>