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                <text>Dani, Fatiha</text>
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                <text>As a matter of fact, many educated Sudanese questioned whether there ever existed a coherent and comprehensive British policy toward the Sudan as a whole and toward its Southern Regions in particular. There was actually no room in Sudanese nationalism for continuing domination of the traditional leaders, and as Native Administration came under increasing attacks by the nationalists, so too did its resultant “Southern Policy”, with all its implications for separatism. Ten years after its promulgation, the Southern Policy was regarded by the nationalists as the very symbol of the British imperial dictum of Divide and Rule, intended to continue British control in the Sudan by perpetuating the separation of the country into two regions. Sudanese nationalists viewed the Southern Policy as part of a system which sought to search for the past not to look for the future, and to emphasize diversity not to encourage unity. Moreover, the language policy adopted in the South did not aim specifically at the exclusion of Islam and Arabic but more at the encouragement of English as a lingua franca. This created or intensified linguistic division, which still complicates North – South relations today. Sudanese nationalists continued to condemn the Southern Policy because its implementation, they considered, allowed the ultimate political arrangements of a unified Sudan to be indefinitely postponed. This section is reserved to the birth and execution of the Southern Policy, the factor most responsible for the Sudan’s present separation.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 15 No 2 (2016): Traduction et Langues Volume: 15 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2016; 191-199</text>
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                <text>Southern Policy</text>
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                <text>Colonial Sudan: The Separate Administration of  The South (1920-1933)</text>
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                <text>Arabi , Melouka</text>
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                <text>Teaching British and American literature has constituted an enormous and a sharp challenge to teachers of English as a foreign language, so far. Actually, many teachers find themselves in part obliged to teach students suffering not only the linguistic incompetence, but the cultural unfamiliarity of the literary text as well, whether the latter is a novel, a play, or a short story. Highlighting the cultural framework plays a major role in understanding the literary work. The overall aim of this paper is to show how helpful and rewarding is the combination of both the filmed and written versions of certain literary works to realize full comprehension of the literary content, mainly the cultural one.The paper has discussed the importance of integrating the cultural knowledge in EFL learning and literature classroom by having students revealed their perceptions of the target culture through the implementation of movies which are considered very motivating and culturally fruitful. As a matter of fact, the inclusion of movies in the EFL literature classroom has proved to be an effective strategy to elucidate this class and transform the boring task of literature learning into an entertaining and amusing one. This paper has shown also that the more knowledge and understanding of the target culture is enlightened and gained, the more an increase in the students’ literary knowledge and linguistic competence of the target language, which is used in the movie by its native speakers, is expected. In Last of all, gained cultural knowledge not only develops students’ language abilities for effective and appropriate communication within cultural contexts of the target language and culture, and their capacity to engage into intercultural situations, but free students’ critical minds and creative imagination to think.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2012 TRANSLANG</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 11 No 2 (2012): Traduction et Langues Volume 11: Numéro: 2/Décembre 2012 ; 6-12</text>
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                <text>Literary works</text>
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                <text>Inclusion of the filmed versions of literary works in teaching literature An effective strategy to foreign cultures’ familiarity</text>
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                <text>Falit, Rekia</text>
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                <text>Arabic Linguistics: A comparison between the Basra and Kufa Shools
Arabic linguistics developed in the medieval period, it also has its place in the historiography of linguistics. Arabs were concerned with language and grammar such as lexicology, lexicography, phonetics and phonology; Arabic linguistics was marked by great scholars like EL Farahidi, EL Douali, Sibawayh, Ibn El Djini and other linguists. There were Arabic grammar schools like Basra and Kufa which have different opinions. There have been debates and controversies concerning both schools Basra and Kufa in order to discuss their principles of Arabic Grammar. Most scholars claimed that Basra and Kufa were the two schools permanently rivaling each other. This paper is concerned with history of Arabic Linguistics through comparative insights on the approaches adopted by the Kufa and Basra schools. They do, indeed, have two differing linguistic and grammatical approaches. The school of Basra was generally more philosophical when it comes to formulating the system of Arabic grammar while the school of Kufa based its assumptions on evidence drawn from classical texts. However, though Basra school referred more to analogy does not mean that Kufa school did not also refer to linguistic corpora in classical texts. It can be concluded, then, that the differences between the two grammatical schools were terminological at best, but mostly fictitious, the essential criterion for belonging to either school was being one's background rather than the adaptation of a particular grammatical doctrine; if not even the two schools were subsequently created as a myth that could be excellently exploited for personal purposes.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 15 No 2 (2016): Traduction et Langues Volume: 15 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2016; 126-136</text>
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                <text>Die arabische Sprachwissenschaft: Ein  Vergleich zwischen den Basra und Kufa Schulen</text>
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                <text>فاسي فنطازية, ليلى</text>
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                <text>The problem of polysemy: The meanings of words in translation
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 11 No 1 (2012): Traduction et Langues Volume 11: Issue 1/Août 2012; 188-198</text>
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                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>إشكالية تعدد معاني ودلالات الألفاظ في الترجمة</text>
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                <text>During the Depression years, minority groups in the United States suffered more than the other segments of the American society. Yet, they were not the focus of New Dealers. One may wonder why and how were the lives of women, African Americans, and Indian Americans, impoverished by the Great Depression, enhanced under the New Deal. At the outset, NIRA codes emphasized women’s inferiority to men since they reinforced traditional long-range place in the labor arena. African Americans, too, suffered more because of the NIRA. Likewise, the AAA and the CCC were administrated in segregationist manners. It was until 1935 onwards that things changed in favor of those minorities. Federal relief programs and agencies like the FERA, the WPA, and the NYA; and many other acts and executive orders contributed significantly in enhancing minorities’ conditions of life during the Depression years</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 16 No 2 (2017): Traduction et Langues Volume: 16 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2017; 67-76</text>
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                <text>New Deal for Minorities</text>
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                <text>On the Influence of Latin on Old High German
In this article I have given a historical overview of the influence of Latin on the German language at the different stages of its development. But, a special attention was given to Old High German, because both have common roots. At the beginning I explained the most important background about Latin and Old High German to better understand the development of the German language gradually. Then, I have explained the influence of Latin on Old High German through the relationship between Latin and Old High German from a religious perspective. At the end I explained the features and the different changes that affected the lexical items of Old High German, with a particular emphasis on linguistic and phonetic changes. Not only Latin influenced German, but also French, Greek, Ancient Greek, and English have had the greatest impact. We end up with a question to open other avenues for research: what would the German language be like if Latin had never existed? It is difficult to answer this question, but what is important is that Latin served the German language as a unified language and culture.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 15 No 2 (2016): Traduction et Langues Volume: 15 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2016; 68-76</text>
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                <text>Zum Einfluss des Lateins auf die althochdeutsche</text>
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                <text>The current paper deals firstly with some theoretical reflections on the importance of universities as the first stage in training students of translation as professional and expert translators’ in the future on the basis of translation teaching /learning process. Also, the various approaches, methods and procedures applied by teachers during the process that help to verge on texts to be translated the maximum adequate equivalents that correspond to the original text. Moreover, the role of the teacher as an educator and as a facilitator of the translation task will be discussed. As a matter of fact, this study takes into consideration the major roles as well as the consequences given by the academic training in training expert translators. So, to what extent do the pedagogical translation and the educational setting succeed in training the students of translation on the professionalism of translation? And what are the conditions that should be set up to realize such objectives for specific and general practice of translation process?</text>
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This study belongs to didactics in that it is at the heart of the teaching / learning process. It is interested in the nature of helping scientific fields’ students acquire linguistic and discourse skills in close connection with their academic discourse. Our perspective does not go in the direction of a formulation of prescriptions or didactic propositions stemming from theoretical knowledge, without experimentation in the field. It was, of course within the Discourse analysis (AD), as a first task to analyze students’ productions in their context of realization, from some theoretical references. It was first to describe these practices to understand them, and then only to eventually exploit them.</text>
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                <text>Book Review
Stories told by the diaspora are said to reflect the real facet of truth as being lived and experienced by real individuals. Moreover, leaving one’s family shelter to realise their dreams elsewhere is not a fee free transaction. It is believed that human beings, without consideration of their nationalities, go through the same emotional suffering after abandoning their beloved ones, their cherished customs, and their adored habits. This analytical article has as an intention the discussion of the re-insertion process after having passed their life in a foreign land with all the challenges and novel forms of sufferings one has to endure again. Waid is the protagonist of the novel, an estranged character that seems to get lost between two cultural extremes, had left his village earlier to get installed in Canada. The latter is a symbol of dream land that most youngsters consider as dream land. After getting back to his village, waid finds it hard to get re-inserted in his community, though cheerful he seems joining again his beloved ones. The second part of the novel discusses the deteriorated status of what was once considered an ideal view of his country. Namely, the drift in which all aspects of life seem to sink is the main theme of the continuation of the second book. The paper discusses those issues with reference to the socio-cultural data of the protagonist’s native community.</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 15 No 2 (2016): Traduction et Langues Volume: 15 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2016; 225-228</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321630">
                <text>Compte-Rendu de Lecture</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321631">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321632">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321633">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
