<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://www.ajpsdz.org/dx/items/browse?output=omeka-xml&amp;page=117" accessDate="2026-11-13T19:58:41+00:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>117</pageNumber>
      <perPage>10</perPage>
      <totalResults>8556</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="7399" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="52">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115965">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="305416">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320482">
                <text>Dendane , Zoubir</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320483">
                <text>2012-08-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320484">
                <text>The present article intends first to point up the difference between a translator’s task and that of an interpreter though both are required to master the target language to a large extent. Interpreters, however are faced with an easier task for many reasons when they translate into their mother tongue, in particular, because interpreting generally involves general questions and topics which are rendered in a rather spontaneous manner. Translators, in contrast, are supposed to master specialized fields such as business, sciences, law cases, literature and so on, even though the target language is usually theirs. The second part of the paper attempts to deal with the difficulties of translation and interpreting in relation to the diglossic issues that Arabic as the target language raises.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320485">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320486">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/540</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320487">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v11i1.540</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320488">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320489">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320490">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/540/438</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320491">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2012 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320492">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 11 No 1 (2012): Traduction et Langues Volume 11: Issue 1/Août 2012; 98-104</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320493">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320494">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320495">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v11i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320496">
                <text>Translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320497">
                <text>mother tongue</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320498">
                <text>interpreting</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320499">
                <text>target language</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320500">
                <text>diglossia.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320501">
                <text>Translating and Interpreting The mother tongue as the target language</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320502">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320503">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320504">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="7398" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="52">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115965">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="305416">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320454">
                <text>Benaouda , Adila</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320455">
                <text>2012-08-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320456">
                <text>Press Translation and perceptions between the West and the Arab world post 9/11
There is a striking difference between perceptions of Arabs by Westerners and vice versa, which can be attributed to differences in representation in the media, which can cause bias on one side or the other. Media translation became particularly important after the attacks of September 11, 2001 and since it is generally an element of dissemination that can sometimes have a positive and sometimes a negative impact, I would like to examine the perspectives on media translations and the resulting cultural perceptions.Our study focuses on a selection of translated Arabic-language press articles. Our goal is to shed light on the differences between the perspective of media translation and the resulting perceptions.We have come to deduce that what is presented in the Western press nuances what is presented in the Arabic-speaking press. This does not concern all the Western press, of course, because we are now aware that it bends to the visions and editorial lines of its owners.The translation theorists quoted in our study speak of the transfer of meaning, of conveying a message, or replacing a text with another equivalent text, but the founding element of the act of translation is communication. Also, and although error is human, the professional translator cannot use it to justify a deviation from the meaning produced in the target text unless he clearly specifies it. The reader does not distinguish between the original author and the translator. Indeed, the author fades, leaving his place to the translator, who has the task of rendering the authenticity of the original text in the target language. For that, he will have to solve the problems, if they exist, and look for the meaning in the background, and in the inability to do both, he will have to inform the reader. Without wanting to exaggerate the importance of translation in the modern world, but also without forgetting that it is indispensable in many fields other than literature: commercial, political, legal, military, etc. where the interests at stake are often conflicting and where incomprehension and misunderstanding are likely to have considerable repercussions, we cannot insist on the role that translation can play, depending on whether it transmits or hides the message. Understanding between peoples can only arise from dialogue; however, with rare exceptions where people master several languages and express themselves on their themes in these languages, dialogue today passes through translation.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320457">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320458">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/538</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320459">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v11i1.538</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320460">
                <text>fra</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320461">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320462">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/538/437</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320463">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2012 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320464">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 11 No 1 (2012): Traduction et Langues Volume 11: Issue 1/Août 2012; 83-97</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320465">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320466">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320467">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v11i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320468">
                <text>Press translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320469">
                <text>perceptions</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320470">
                <text>Arab world</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320471">
                <text>West</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320472">
                <text>post 9/11</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320473">
                <text>Press translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320474">
                <text>perceptions</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320475">
                <text>Arab world</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320476">
                <text>West</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320477">
                <text>post 9/11.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320478">
                <text>Traduction de presse et perceptions entre l'Occident et le Monde arabe post 9/11</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320479">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320480">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320481">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="7397" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="52">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115965">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="305416">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320425">
                <text>Tarek,  Benaissa</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320426">
                <text>Namaoui ,  Abelkrim</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320427">
                <text>2012-08-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320428">
                <text>Contrastive linguistics and translation studies: A dyadic and didactic relationship
This paper reflects on the dyadic and didactic relationship between contrastive linguistics and translation studies. Four questions will hold particular attention: the first is concerned with the differences between contrastive linguistics and translation studies, the second discusses the interdependence between contrastive linguistics and translation studies, the third is related to the use of translations for contrastive purposes, and the fourth one focuses on the use of contrastive studies for translation purposes.We concluded that this rapid overview could only touch upon a prodigiously vast subject which could be the subject of a monograph. Many other issues could have been raised; many other examples would have deserved our attention. Yet, we attempted to demonstrate that contrastive linguistics and translation studies are complementary, contrastive linguistics being the generator of a rather theoretical knowledge, while translation studies have the primary task of nourishing the debate on the transmission of knowledge, and professional know-how.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320429">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320430">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/536</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320431">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v11i1.536</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320432">
                <text>fra</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320433">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320434">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/536/711</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320435">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2012 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320436">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 11 No 1 (2012): Traduction et Langues Volume 11: Issue 1/Août 2012; 55-68</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320437">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320438">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320439">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v11i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320440">
                <text>Linguistics</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320441">
                <text>contrastive</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320442">
                <text>translation studies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320443">
                <text>divergence</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320444">
                <text>translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320445">
                <text>Linguistics</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320446">
                <text>contrastive</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320447">
                <text>translation studies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320448">
                <text>divergence</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320449">
                <text>translation.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320450">
                <text>Linguistique contrastive et Traductologie Une relation dyadique et didactique</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320451">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320452">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320453">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="7396" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="52">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115965">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="305416">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320397">
                <text>Hafir , Kahina</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320398">
                <text>2012-08-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320399">
                <text>Socio-economic issues of official translation
This research paper aims to reveal the embittered reality of the profession of official translator-interpreter in Algeria by stressing the drawbacks he/she suffers from, be it in terms of theoretical education or continuous training. The latter is necessary for the performance of this profession. Prerequisites for the practice of this job and its legal framework will be set by us. The absence of a status governing the profession is counter to any attempt to improve the status quo. We will look at the practice of the profession and its socio-economic issues, which we will try to deduce by analyzing the nature of the documents requested for translation, based on our professional experience in this field.Furthermore, we have found out that far from the stereotype that defines him or her in the traditional role of a linguist, the translator is a reliable link in the chain of local development, taking on an important part in all aspects of life. Thus, he/she can help in the field of socio-economic studies by providing clues and data on certain situations prevailing in a given geographical area at a given time. However, the importance of his/her role as an economic agent has not yet granted him/her the recognition that he/she deserves. Actually, he/she is still standing helpless in the face of the aporias that he/she must often manage alone with the means at hand.Finally, we conclude that the title of public officer confers on the official translator-interpreter a heavy legal but also economic responsibility.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320400">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320401">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/535</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320402">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v11i1.535</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320403">
                <text>fra</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320404">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320405">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/535/435</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320406">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2012 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320407">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 11 No 1 (2012): Traduction et Langues Volume 11: Issue 1/Août 2012; 39-54</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320408">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320409">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320410">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v11i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320411">
                <text>Legal framework</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320412">
                <text>socio-economic issues</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320413">
                <text>legislation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320414">
                <text>official translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320415">
                <text>specialized translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320416">
                <text>Legal framework</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320417">
                <text>socio-economic issues</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320418">
                <text>legislation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320419">
                <text>official translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320420">
                <text>specialized translation.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320421">
                <text>Enjeux socio-économiques de La traduction officielle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320422">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320423">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320424">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="7395" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="52">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115965">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="305416">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320369">
                <text>Hadj Aissa , Zohra</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320370">
                <text>2012-08-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320371">
                <text>How to Translate Evolutionary Concepts? In search of a unified theory or a metatheory in translation studies
The development of epistemic vigilance in the context of research requires attention to content and reasoning, an application of each of the theories and their contributions in particular fields, and a reconsideration of procedures according to actual, recent, evolving and complex research. The new epistemological paradigms make it necessary to stop to reconsider the evolution in the translation studies and to undertake at the same time a reflexive and profound analysis of one's vision of man, time and space, of the translator, of the process and of the interpretation with a cognitive, psychological, social and translational vision. Each theory has its own version and specific vision of translational reality, and according to model-dependent realism, this diversity is acceptable and experiential. But the same situation can be apprehended, revisited and modelled in different ways, each using different fundamental elements and concepts. From then on, the notions change, the systemic concepts are activated, and the issues are also explained differently with the mobilization of a set of new knowledge and procedures to respond to and explain translational situations.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320372">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320373">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/534</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320374">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v11i1.534</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320375">
                <text>fra</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320376">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320377">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/534/434</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320378">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2012 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320379">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 11 No 1 (2012): Traduction et Langues Volume 11: Issue 1/Août 2012; 21-38</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320380">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320381">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320382">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v11i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320383">
                <text>Epistemic vigilance</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320384">
                <text>translation studies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320385">
                <text>scientific research</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320386">
                <text>translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320387">
                <text>systemic translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320388">
                <text>Epistemic vigilance</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320389">
                <text>translation studies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320390">
                <text>scientific research</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320391">
                <text>translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320392">
                <text>systemic translation.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320393">
                <text>Comment Traduire Les Concepts Évolutifs ? À la recherche d’une théorie unifiée ou d’une métathéorie en traductologie</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320394">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320395">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320396">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="7394" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="52">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115965">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="305416">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320343">
                <text>Marta,  Czyżewska</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320344">
                <text>2012-08-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320345">
                <text>Some remarks on the German language at home and abroad at the beginning of the third millennium
The aim of this article is to thoroughly examine the "German - Language of Ideas" campaign launched in 2010 as a project of the Federal Foreign Office together with its partners (Goethe Institute, German Academic Exchange Service, Central Office for Schools Abroad, Deutsche Welle, Institute for Foreign Relations and Pedagogical Exchange Service). A discussion of the reasons, causes and goals of this central focus of German foreign cultural and educational policy is presented and analyzed in this paper.The variety of language-promoting facilities allows us to look positively to the future. In my opinion it is important that they are aware that these efforts must be long-term and comprehensive so that interest in the German language can at least remains at the level attained, if not even grows.German is no longer a world language like it was in the 19th century, and that can no longer be undone. It was the most important scientific language, but in Eastern Europe it still seems to be one of the most popular foreign languages and it can be observed that it is also an important cultural language. Klaus Reichert, President of the German Academy for Language and Poetry, stated in his interview that in Germany itself there is an increasing number of brilliant German authors who have a Turkish, Arabic, Serbian, Croatian, Spanish or Italian background. When asked why they chose German, they have answered that there are opportunities in German that they don't have in their languages. It is also an interesting phenomenon that of the 20 authors who were on the list for the German Book Prize, nine had a background in other languages, and that it was Melinda Nadj Abonji, a Serbian-Hungarian who lives in Switzerland, who received the book award. According to Klaus Reichert, these are phenomena that show us that our assumptions and perceptions are right. If one dares to make a prediction, that German will also change as a result in the long term, these authors would of course bring a different language competency into the bring Germans in. The paper tackled among other aspects issues in relation to Language purism, language maintenance, and language promotion, the German language, and the educational policy adopted for Deutsch development.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320346">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320347">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/532</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320348">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v11i1.532</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320349">
                <text>deu</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320350">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320351">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/532/433</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320352">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2012 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320353">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 11 No 1 (2012): Traduction et Langues Volume 11: Issue 1/Août 2012; 6-20</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320354">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320355">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320356">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v11i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320357">
                <text>German language</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320358">
                <text>language and educational policy</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320359">
                <text>language change</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320360">
                <text>language maintenance and language promotion.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320361">
                <text>German language</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320362">
                <text>language and educational policy</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320363">
                <text>language change</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320364">
                <text>language maitenance and language promotion</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320365">
                <text>Einige Bemerkungen über die deutsche Sprache zu Beginn des Dritten Jahrtausends im In- und Ausland</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320366">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320367">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320368">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="7393" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="52">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115965">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="305416">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320320">
                <text>Chadli, Omar</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320321">
                <text>2018-12-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320322">
                <text>Traits of the Translation in Aljamiado-morisca Literature
The translation works that make up most of the aljamiado-morisco literary corpus show certain peculiarities. In this article, we intend to answer the following questions: what are the main aspects of these translations? And how do they relate to the life circumstances of the Mudejars and the Moriscos? Based on the analysis of some passages transcribed from several aljamiado-moriscos manuscripts, we have noticed that these translations reflect a Romance language very influenced by the characteristics of Arabic and Islam, which supposes the impact of certain cultural and social factors in said works. Our objective is to demonstrate the correlation that exists between the style of these translations and some aspects of the life of the Hispanic Muslim society where the aljamiado-moriscos literature took place.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320323">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320324">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/531</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320325">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v17i2.531</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320326">
                <text>spa</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320327">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320328">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/531/431</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320329">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 17 No 2 (2018): Traduction et Langues Volume: 17 Numéro : 02 / Décembre 2018; 94-101</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320330">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320331">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320332">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v17i2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320333">
                <text>Aljamiado</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320334">
                <text>moriscos literature</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320335">
                <text>translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320336">
                <text>Aljamiado</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320337">
                <text>moriscos Literature</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320338">
                <text>Translation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320339">
                <text>Rasgos de la Traducción en la Literatura Aljamiado- morisca</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320340">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320341">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320342">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="7392" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="52">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115965">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="305416">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320292">
                <text>Brik, Fatima</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320293">
                <text>Guidoume, Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320294">
                <text>2018-12-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320295">
                <text>Environmental Education and its Implications in Consolidating the Culture of Sustainable Development
The environment has been and remains the focus of many questions that focus on individual qualifications to preserve and protect as a gain for the individual and for the next generations. Experts believe that education is only a process of adaptation between the individual and his social environment. A person must seek to maintain the survival of his species by modifying his behaviour, developing his abilities, and adopt habits and skills that benefit the environment and its entity. The environmental education, associated with learning objectives plans, aims at facilitating the evaluation of educational programs, and improve educational standards. Thus, learning goals are classified as cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains of education. The purpose behind such classification is to provide learners with direct experiences that guide them to achieve a fruitful and effective educational return.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320296">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320297">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/530</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320298">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v17i2.530</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320299">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320300">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320301">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/530/432</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320302">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 17 No 2 (2018): Traduction et Langues Volume: 17 Numéro : 02 / Décembre 2018; 168-181</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320303">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320304">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320305">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v17i2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320306">
                <text>Programs</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320307">
                <text>enviroment</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320308">
                <text>education</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320309">
                <text>psych-kinetic</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320310">
                <text>value</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320311">
                <text>Programs</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320312">
                <text>environment</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320313">
                <text>education</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320314">
                <text>psych-kinetic</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320315">
                <text>value</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320316">
                <text>التربية البيئية وآثارها في ترسيخ ثقافة التنمية المستدامة</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320317">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320318">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320319">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="7391" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="52">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115965">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="305416">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320269">
                <text>Debabi, Mohamed</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320270">
                <text>Guerroudj, Noureddine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320271">
                <text>2018-12-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320272">
                <text>No wonder that knowledge of how words pair in L2 has been a missing part in many EFL classes and a peripheral element in many syllabi in Algeria. Virtually, many of the current teaching practices still seek to focus learners’ attention on the role of grammar in the acquisition process under the assumption that grammar has a generative power of language and learners can in turn produce L2 by mastering the different grammatical structures. This tendency resulted in considering lexis, mainly collocations, as subservient to grammar. As a result, learners’ writing has become grammatically well-polished but replete with idiosyncratic wording due to lexical mistakes and deficiency in collocations. Hence, this paper aims at assessing the extent to which developing EFL learners’collocational competence through an explicit contrastive approach can help them produce native- like natural writing. To undertake this research, an experimental and control group of first year English majors were recruited. The former was taught collocations explicitly through a contrastive approach, while the latter was taught English with no focus on collocations. Data were collected from corpora produced by these students in pre and post-tests. Analysis of the findings indicates that pointing out to EFL learners the difference of collocational restrictions between L1 and the target language promotes this learners’collocational competence. Besides, downplaying grammatical mistakes and emphasizing collocational accuracy inside the classroom is very likely to result in learners producing strongly collocated words in their writing. In the light of these findings, the present research paper concludes with some pedagogical implications.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320273">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320274">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/529</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320275">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v17i2.529</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320276">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320277">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320278">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/529/427</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320279">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 17 No 2 (2018): Traduction et Langues Volume: 17 Numéro : 02 / Décembre 2018; 57-66</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320280">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320281">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320282">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v17i2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320283">
                <text>Collocational competence</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320284">
                <text>corpus</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320285">
                <text>explicit teaching</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320286">
                <text>natural writing</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320287">
                <text>strong collocations</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320288">
                <text>Developing Collocational Competence in EFL Classes Evidence of Nativeness in Algerian Intermediate  Learners’Corpus</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320289">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320290">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320291">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="7390" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="52">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115965">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="305416">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320246">
                <text>Kouider, Youcef</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320247">
                <text>2018-12-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320248">
                <text>This research is an attempt to investigate the applicability of the Relevance- Theoretic framework in the field of translation. Relevance Theory was developed by Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson; it is a theory of a cognitive communication that proposes a set of concepts that govern the process of intralingual interpretation of utterances and texts. Thus, we aim to explore the findings of Relevance Theory in studying the process of interpretation in translation at an interlingual level so as to see to what extent can the translator rely on Relevance Theory interpretation framework to provide the target reader with a translated text that realizes optimal relevance and contextual effects without making him expending unnecessary processing efforts.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320249">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320250">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/528</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320251">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v17i2.528</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320252">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320253">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320254">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/528/430</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320255">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 17 No 2 (2018): Traduction et Langues Volume: 17 Numéro : 02 / Décembre 2018; 8-17</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320256">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320257">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320258">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v17i2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320259">
                <text>Contextual Effects</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320260">
                <text>interpretation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320261">
                <text>Optimal Relevance</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320262">
                <text>Relevance</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320263">
                <text>Processing Effort</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320264">
                <text>Translation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320265">
                <text>Exploiting Relevance Theory   Findings in Translation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="320266">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320267">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="320268">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
