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                <text>درقاوي, مختار</text>
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                <text>On the concepts of Denotation and Reference
Language as a language and meta-language as a descriptive language, in fact, represents the field in which the concepts of terms emerge. This is based on semantic networks and higher cognitive relations that work on weaving concepts that are immanent to the process of linguistic action. There is a collision between the position-based language and the meta-language being that of the unnatural transcendental product when the two contexts are overwhelmed. We attempted in this research context to examine the translations submitted for the following linguistic terms: Reference - Denotation and to choose the appropriate translation with the help of the factor of employing the Arab heritage in the Arabization of terms, in an attempt to invest and activate heritage.</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/657</text>
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                <text>ara</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2013 TRANSLANG</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317551">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 12 No 1 (2013): Traduction et Langues Volume 12: Numéro: 1/Août 2013; 140-151</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317552">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>1112-3974</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v12i1</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Heritage implementation</text>
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                <text>metalanguage</text>
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                <text>placement</text>
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                <text>semantic networks</text>
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                <text>term</text>
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                <text>Heritage implementation</text>
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                <text>meta language</text>
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                <text>placement</text>
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                <text>semantic networks</text>
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                <text>term.</text>
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                <text>Dénotation- Référence مصطلحا</text>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Aaid, Salah Eddine</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317499">
                <text>Maoui, Hocine</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317501">
                <text>2019-12-31</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Inscribed in Homi Bhabha's project of "re-inventing Britain" and Stuart Hall's representation of cultural diversity, the present study explores the way in which the tropes of magical realism have been implemented to remap the new frontiers of the European construct in Bernardine Evaristo's Soul Tourists. In order to achieve this aim, a close reading technique has been relied on to deconstruct the text into basic dichotomies that trace the European centre and its margin. Furthermore, the British magical realism model of Anne Hegerfeldt is employed to highlight how the writer successfully reversed the realistic paradigm of the centre as she focalised the narration from an "ex-centric" point of view. In doing so, Europe became a warm home for the diasporic subject.</text>
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                <text>Inscrite dans le projet de Homi Bhabha de "réinventer la Grande-Bretagne" et dans le cadre de la représentation de la diversité culturelle par Stuart Hall, l'étude suivante explore la manière dont les tropes du réalisme magique ont été mis en œuvre pour remodeler les nouvelles frontières de l'identité européenne dans le roman Soul Touristes [Les Touristes de L'âme] rédigé par l'écrivaine Britannique Bernardine Evaristo. Pour atteindre cet objectif, une technique de lecture attentive "close reading" a été mise en œuvre afin de décomposer le texte en dichotomies de base qui tracent le centre européen et sa marge culturelle. En outre, le modèle britannique du réalisme magique d’Anne Hegerfeldt a été adopté pour souligner la manière dont l’écrivaine a réussi à inverser le paradigme réaliste du centre en construisant une narration d’un point de vue "excentrique". L’Europe est ainsi devenue un foyer très important pour la diaspora noire.</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317510">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/439</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317512">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v18i2.439</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317514">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317518">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/439/346</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317520">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 18 No 2 (2019): Traduction et Langues Volume : 18 Numéro : 02 / Décembre 2019; 52-67</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317522">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317524">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317526">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v18i2</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317527">
                <text>Decentring Europe</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317528">
                <text>Ex-centric Focalization</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317529">
                <text>Magical Realism</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317530">
                <text>Psychological Literalization</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317531">
                <text>Soul Tourists</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317532">
                <text>Le Réalisme Magique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317533">
                <text>les Touristes de l’Ame</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317534">
                <text>la littéralisation psychologique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317535">
                <text>la focalisation  excentrique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317536">
                <text>Reconstruire l'image historique de L'Europe</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317537">
                <text>(Re)Mapping Europe from a Black Diasporic  Perspective: The Case of Bernardine Evaristo's Soul Tourists</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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                  <text>Traduction et Langues</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
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                <text>مجاهدي,  صباح</text>
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                <text>2013-08-31</text>
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                <text>Constraintsand limits of the presence of pictures in the light of the Islamic perception of children's literature
The picture or the drawings accompanying the narrative text occupy an important place in the complete process of literary and artistic creativity for children, as it contributes greatly to enhancing the child's visual sense and expanding his imagination and perceptions, especially in the stage prior to his learning to read. From here, most of the writers of the narrative text, through these drawings and pictures, send an indirect invitation to the child through which he tempts his inclinations and draws his attention to reading the narrative text and enjoying it. This is the case because the first thing that attracts the child in any literary work or book are the bright and charming drawings and colors. Writers specializing in children's literature, including drawings and pictures, are a suggestive language that carries in its forms and colors moral, educational, national and religious messages. It is facilitated by the presence of the ideas and meanings of the child. In view of the position occupied by the image in children’s literature, it was necessary to take into account in its presence a set of criteria and standards, in order to be acceptable and convincing, and in agreement with the nature of the target group (children). In accordance with its cultural and religious specificities, the call of the pioneers of Islamic children’s literature to the need to adhere to the principles of Islam and its teachings in stories directed to children. As a basis for building the child’s entity mentally, psychologically, and behaviorally, it adopted a set of visions, controls, and rules through which the truth of the picture accompanies the narrative text and its characteristics in the light of the Islamic conception.</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/656</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>ara</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/656/537</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317495">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2013 TRANSLANG</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317496">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 12 No 1 (2013): Traduction et Langues Volume 12: Numéro: 1/Août 2013; 132-139</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317498">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317500">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317502">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v12i1</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Children stories</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317505">
                <text>Islamic literature</text>
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                <text>narrative construction</text>
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                <text>stories</text>
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                <text>Children’s stories</text>
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                <text>Islamic literature</text>
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                <text>narrative construction</text>
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                <text>stories.</text>
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                <text>ضوابط وحدود حضور الصورة في ضوء التصور الإسلامي لأدب الأطفال</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="115964">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="303802">
                  <text>Traduction et Langues</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317460">
                <text>بسناسي, سعاد</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317461">
                <text>2013-08-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317462">
                <text>Contemporary Arabic Dictionary between practical procedures and executive mechanisms
The Contemporary Arabic Dictionary of Ahmad Mukhtar Omar is considered one of the most important contemporary linguistic dictionaries that the Arabic library lacks. This is due to the fact that it satisfies the needs of its speakers; it investigates new words, new connotations, and live uses. It also depends on the data of the modern era and information technology in collecting, classifying, extracting and auditing the material. The value of this dictionary is not limited to its modernity only, but extends to include its methodology, work procedures, implementation and output mechanisms, and following the latest international specifications in the manufacture and production of dictionaries. The present paper aims at studying this contemporary dictionary. The main findings showed that the face of contemporary in it appears, starting with the approach followed, then its practical procedures, and the mechanisms for its implementation and output. The importance of this process lies in the fact that it is an important step to implement what the researcher needs in the field of text linguistics. This is an important element of computational linguistics that seeks to bring about a new shift by means of interactive creativity.</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317463">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317464">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/655</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317465">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v12i1.655</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317466">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317467">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317468">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/655/536</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317469">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2013 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317470">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 12 No 1 (2013): Traduction et Langues Volume 12: Numéro: 1/Août 2013; 112-131</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317471">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317472">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317473">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v12i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317474">
                <text>Lexicology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317475">
                <text>living uses</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317476">
                <text>neologisms</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317477">
                <text>practical procedures</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317478">
                <text>Lexicology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317479">
                <text>living uses</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317480">
                <text>neologisms</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317481">
                <text>practical procedures.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317482">
                <text>معجم اللّغة العربيَّة المعاصرة بين الإجراءات العمليّة والآليّات التّنفيذيّة</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317483">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317484">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317485">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="7285" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="51">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115964">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="303802">
                  <text>Traduction et Langues</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317434">
                <text>دالي,  صباح</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317435">
                <text>2013-08-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317436">
                <text>Figures of phonetic dissimilation in the Surah Al-Kahf
Dissimilation is one of the reasons for the occurrence of the substitution, and one of its kinds. Besides, it is a term that modern linguists have given to the substitution of one of the two combined letters, and it intends to reduce the pronunciation of the two sounds with another one of those sounds that do not require effort. This is possible in the light of the phenomenon to explain many of the factors of substitution and exaltation that floated on the surfaces of some linguistic units. The present paper aims at highlighting pictures of these models from Surat Al-Kahf with their analysis and explanation. Harmony between sounds is achieved by replacing some phonemes thus achieving the required facilitation. Elision is another technique used in order to escape from the weight of the meeting of two dissonant voices and as a result of the tendency of the Arabic tongue towards facilitation and economy of muscular effort.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317437">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317438">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/654</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317439">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v12i1.654</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317440">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317441">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317442">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/654/535</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317443">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2013 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317444">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 12 No 1 (2013): Traduction et Langues Volume 12: Numéro: 1/Août 2013; 100-111</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317445">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317446">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317447">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v12i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317448">
                <text>Dissimilation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317449">
                <text>deletion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317450">
                <text>phraseological units</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317451">
                <text>substitution</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317452">
                <text>Dissimilation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317453">
                <text>deletion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317454">
                <text>phraseological units</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317455">
                <text>substitution.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317456">
                <text>صور المخالفة الصوتية في سورة الكهف</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317457">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317458">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317459">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="7284" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="51">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115964">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="303802">
                  <text>Traduction et Langues</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317408">
                <text>بن شريف,  هشام</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317409">
                <text>2013-08-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317410">
                <text>Issues of translating legal discourse
Translation has gained a pivotal role in that it is one of the most effective communication tools in various aspects of life. It is a mediator that transmits languages, human cultures and civilizations to meet the needs of society and individuals. Legal translation has deep roots in history and it has preserved the human heritage, whether legal or otherwise. Without the translation of the Convention, legalists would not have been able to see its content, nor would historians determine its age. This paper tackles the issue posed by the legal discourse in legal translation. It can be said that the discourse is one of its most difficult and complex components because it is one of the languages of specialization that is characterized by multi-meaning terms that are difficult to comprehend by the non-specialist translator. Knowing the problematic of the legal discourse, as well as realizing the specificity of the legal translation, allow the translator not to overlook some essential points during the translation process because he must produce an equivalent text from the legal and translation sides.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317411">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317412">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/653</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317413">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v12i1.653</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317414">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317415">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317416">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/653/534</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317417">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2013 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317418">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 12 No 1 (2013): Traduction et Langues Volume 12: Numéro: 1/Août 2013; 90-99</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317419">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317420">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317421">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v12i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317422">
                <text>Discourse modularity</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317423">
                <text>legal discourse</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317424">
                <text>legal translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317425">
                <text>levels of legal discourse analysis</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317426">
                <text>Discourse modularity</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317427">
                <text>legal discourse</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317428">
                <text>legal translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317429">
                <text>levels of legal discourse analysis.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317430">
                <text>إشكالية ترجمة الخطاب القانوني</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317431">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317432">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317433">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="7283" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="51">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115964">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="303802">
                  <text>Traduction et Langues</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317385">
                <text>Douar,  Aicha</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317386">
                <text>2013-08-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317387">
                <text>The aim of this research paper is to shed light on the students’ preoccupations at the university level, mainly the ones who have enjoyed learning English as an elementary subject in high school and, find themselves acquainted to a specialty that tends to neglect the use of the English language in the university studies. After passing the Baccalaureate exam, the students were orientated to specialize in German studies These students announce to the teacher they wish they mastered the English language though they know that the time limited to their encounter is only one hour and a half per week. This situation in itself constitutes a challenge for the teacher and leads him /her to answer the following question: what curriculum could the teacher elaborate to enable the students reach their objective; speaking English fluently? In an attempt to answer the raised question, it is necessary to identify the students’ profile, mainly the ones who have shifted from English as a third language -after French- to the fourth position after German.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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                <text>This paper is an attempt to shed the light on the teaching of the oral skill to ESP students in general, and more particularly to Computer Science students at a university level. In fact, what is mostly important is to understand to what extent oral proficiency is relevant for ESP students who are supposed to interact orally in seminars and conferences and be able to suggest some oral activities which could be of interest for an ESP teacher at the department of Computer Sciences.In this humble work, we have tried to demonstrate briefly the importance of teaching the oral skill through various activities and tasks in an ESP context and more particularly in English for Computer Sciences. Students are more motivated when they are asked to communicate orally in the classroom. In an ESP context, teachers are supposed to set the terrain for discussing different topics and subject matters using technical words. What is crucial in fact is to enhance learning and ESP oral proficiency through tasks and authentic topics.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 12 No 1 (2013): Traduction et Langues Volume 12: Numéro: 1/Août 2013; 74-80</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Teaching Speaking to Computer Science Students in the Algerian Context</text>
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                <text>Belkhoja , Linda</text>
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                <text>The role of interactional activities in teaching grammar and learning relative pronouns in a language classroom
The purpose of this research work is to establish a comparison between teaching grammar in an explicit way and teaching grammar in an implicit way, in the context of French as a foreign language (FLE). It was, in fact, noted shortcomings among pupils of the 3rd year of secondary school in the use of relative pronouns. We then undertook an experiment with two groups of the same class by teaching relative pronouns explicitly with one and implicitly, accompanied by interactional activities with the other. The conclusions of this research allowed us to affirm that teaching/learning with the latter was more effective, given the comparative results between the two groups.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2013 TRANSLANG</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 12 No 1 (2013): Traduction et Langues Volume 12: Numéro: 1/Août 2013; 58-73</text>
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                <text>Implicit grammar</text>
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                <text>explicit grammar</text>
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                <text>learning</text>
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                <text>communicative activities</text>
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                <text>learning</text>
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                <text>relative pronouns</text>
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                <text>communicative activities.</text>
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                <text>Le rôle des activités interactionnelles dans l’enseignement de la grammaire et l’apprentissage des pronoms relatifs dans une classe de langue</text>
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                <text>Semsadi , Mohamed Salem</text>
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                <text>The Hassani community draws heavily on the nonverbal language component for the sake of social organization. The female marital status constitutes an absorbing non-word aspect, wherein the social organization of women’s relations gives rise to dense semiotic and communicative weight. Along with this focus, this article has endeavored in the light of the anthroposemiotics theory to probe into how women in the Hassani community have recourse to natural cosmetic substances to physically unfold their marital status. The article in effect dissected the female marital status on the grounds of three major body parts, namely: hands and feet/eyes designating celibacy status and divorce, widowhood, and marriage respectively. The work findings by way of synchronic analysis cast light on the semiotic and communicative code underlying the Hassani social organization in the case of a woman’s marital status. Within the confines of anthroposemiotics and communication paradigms, the interpretation of meaning, the structural-processual aspect of nonlinguistic interaction, and the conventionality of symbolic coding lay down the bulk of the theoretical grounding to approach social organization in the Hassani community.</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/649/542</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317321">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2013 TRANSLANG</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 12 No 1 (2013): Traduction et Langues Volume 12: Numéro: 1/Août 2013; 40-57</text>
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                <text>Anthroposemiosis</text>
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                <text>sign</text>
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                <text>code</text>
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                <text>paradigm</text>
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                <text>syntagm.</text>
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