157 10 8556 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Khan, Shair Ali Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-08-31 Description An account of the resource تهدف الدراسة معرفة الترجمات تمت من منظور القراء ومنظور المؤلفين للمدونة اللغوية المسماة ب "الثمانينية" للغوي الهندي القديم بانيني في القرىن الخامس قبل الميلاد وهي من المدونات اللغوية الأولي والأقدم التي كان غرضها محافظة أصوات ال كتب المقدس الفيد عند الهندوس ومن خلالها مغطيا جميع الجوانب اللغوية. لقد ذكر وليام جونز أهميتها اللغوية في خطبته التاريخية الفاها في كوكته في الهند والظواهر اللغوية فقد وضحها فردينيند دوسوسير في القرن التاسع عشر. لقد ظهرت أول ترجمة لهافي عام 1891 التي قام بها سريسا جندرا واسو التي حظيت بالقبول بين الأوساط العلمية ومن ثم قد بدأت تراجم لهذه المدونة اللغوية المعجزة وكذلك ظهرت شروحات كثيرة بعد ذلك. فتهدف الدراسة جمع جميع التراجم وترتيبها ترتيبا تاريخيا ومن ثم معرفة مدى ترجمتها من حيث المتلقين ووالكتاب الأصليين حسب الهيكل النظري لأنواع الترجمة الذي قدمه بيتر نيومارك. The study aims to find out the reader-centred & author-centred translation of Ashtadhyayi of Panini, an Indian linguist of 5th century BC, who compiled the world oldest, shortest and ever first linguistic book in Sanskrit language focusing on all linguistic aspects, aiming at protecting the sounds of Vedas; the holy book of Hinduism. The linguistic importance of Sanskrit was firstly mentioned by William Jones during his famous address in India, whereas the linguistic phenomena were discussed by Ferdinand de Saussure in nineteenth century. The book is first translated into English in 1891by Sarisa Chandra Vasu with a large number of Sanskrit Words which gained a momentous fame in all the linguistic circles. Due to which Ashtadhyayi was studied widely by English professors and students illuminating their linguistic horizons by coining unique ambiguous precise 4000 rules under the name of ‘Sutra’. Just after this English translational creation of Ashtadhyayi a large number of translations were done by the native Hindu scholars and even by western Sanskritests. Therefore, a huge number of commentaries, studies and articles were written by European and native linguists and at the same time it was translated into other languages. The book and all its translations are available online. The purpose of this paper is to collect all the English translations of Ashtadhyayi throughout the history since 5th BC to the age of globalization and digitalization, then putting them into a translational categorization according to various kinds of translations finding out the most comprehensive and faithful translations among them and the types of translation strategies applied by the translators in translating this unique cryptic linguistic book. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/302 10.52919/translang.v20i1.302 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/302/227 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 20 No 1 (2021): Traduction et Langues Volume : 20 Numéro : 01 / Août 2021; 25-37 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v20i1 Subject The topic of the resource Ashtadhyayi Translation Strategies Author centered Reader centered الثمانينية الترجمة استراتيجيات منظور القراء منظور الكتاب Title A name given to the resource The English Translations of Panini’s Ashtadhyayi: A translational textual analysis Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alejandro, Carmona Sandoval Ait Saadi, Zakia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-08-31 Description An account of the resource Speech Acts and Politeness: An Empirical Research among Spanish Students The pragmatic dimension of language is a key element that allows human beings to communicate and, in this way, to define themselves culturally. More specifically, the interest of a study of pragmatics lies in the following fundamental idea: the use of linguistic codes cannot be envisaged without taking into account the social component of the communicative process. The importance of this functional vision of the communicative act is such that it alone makes it possible to promote a study of the language that goes beyond the systemic dimension advocated until the end of the seventies of the 20th century. We therefore wish to frame our work in the field of pragmalinguistics and, more precisely, in the paradigm of politeness. This work allows us to frame our object of study by identifying the fundamental elements that define the paradigm concerned (politeness). It discusses the importance of pragmatic competence for learning a foreign language, in accordance with the precepts established by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. This article, therefore, deals with the study of pragmalinguistics and that of the linguistic elements that are used by Spanish speakers to express certain speech acts in their mother tongue. The idea that shapes this research is based on the principles of politeness and on the importance given to the pragmatic component in the classroom to minimize the cases of interference (negative transfer) by learners in their process of learning a foreign language. Certain learning resources, such as oral / written discourse corpora, enable students to see how native speakers express themselves in concrete circumstances. Therefore, we present the results of a survey carried out among Spanish university students with the aim of analyzing the use of linguistic resources in their mother tongue to express the acts of request, refusal, order, instruction and complaint. For that purpose, respondents were asked to watch a silent short film, to consider the degree of cordiality in each for each scene and, then, to put forward the statements of each actor. The gathering of data has been ensured through the Discourse Completion Task methodology. The results confirm the link between this interpretation, the linguistic elements chosen and the politeness strategies developed for each scene. We also underline the highly cultural and intersubjective character of the use of the language, which results, among others, in the use of fixed expressions, of more or less complex propositions, of semantic or syntactic markers, of interjections, in order to downgrade or upgrade the illocutionary force of the statement. This work is meant to offer the scientific and teaching community an authentic and practical tool that can provide useful information about the way Spanish speakers use their mother tongue to express certain language acts. Cet article aborde l’étude de la pragmalinguistique et des éléments linguistiques qui sont utilisés par des interlocuteurs espagnols pour exprimer certains actes de langage dans leur langue maternelle. L’idée qui jalonne cette recherche est fondée sur les préceptes de la politesse et sur l’importance portée en salle de cours à la composante pragmatique pour limiter les cas d’interférence (transfert négatif) de la part des apprenants dans leur processus d’apprentissage d’une langue étrangère. Certaines ressources pédagogiques, comme les corpus de discours (oraux ou écrits) permettent, à cet effet, que les étudiants puissent voir par eux-mêmes de quelle manière les parlants de langue étrangère s’expriment dans des circonstances particulières. Nous présentons donc, dans ce travail, les résultats d’une enquête menée auprès d’étudiants universitaires espagnols dans le but d’analyser les ressources linguistiques mobilisées dans leur langue maternelle pour exprimer les actes de demande, refus, ordre, instruction et plainte. Pour ce faire, les répondants durent visualiser un court métrage muet et indiquer le degré de cordialité interprété pour chaque scène pour ensuite proposer les énoncés de la part des acteurs. La collecte des données fut assurée par l’utilisation du Discourse Completion Task. Les résultats confirment le lien entre cette interprétation, les éléments linguistiques choisis et les stratégies de politesse développées pour chaque scène. Nous soulignons également le caractère hautement culturel et intersubjectif de l’usage de la langue, qui se manifeste, entre autres, par l’utilisation d’expressions figées, de propositions plus ou moins complexes, de marqueurs sémantiques ou syntaxiques, d’interjections, dans le but d’atténuer ou d’intensifier la force illocutoire de l’énoncé. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/301 10.52919/translang.v20i1.301 Language A language of the resource fra Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/301/226 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 20 No 1 (2021): Traduction et Langues Volume : 20 Numéro : 01 / Août 2021; 239-361 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v20i1 Subject The topic of the resource Speech acts interferences politeness pragmalinguistics Discourse Completion Task methodology (DCTM) Spanish students Actes de langage interférences politesse pragmalinguistique méthodologie axée sur la tâche d'achèvement du discours étudiants espagnols Title A name given to the resource Actes de langage et politesse : une étude empirique chez les étudiants espagnols Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource AMOUGOU, Martial Patrice Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-08-31 Description An account of the resource Museological Language as a Form of Expression and Promotion of Identity Values Faced with the rapid changes in current societies, cultural heritage is positioned as a powerful lever for the construction and promotion of identity. Every day, it arises acutely, the need to educate about heritage and to pass it on to future generations in all the richness of their authenticity. When it is valued, heritage becomes a vector of development and wealth. This work is based on the observation that Cameroonian youth are going through a crisis of identity values manifested by non-consumption and the devaluation of their culture. The present research, which focuses on "Museological Language as a Form of Expression and Promotion of Identity Values", is based on the need to present the museum institution as a showcase allowing one to fully immerse oneself in the identity realities of a country. From a perspective underpinned by the theory of social representation and that of the linguistic imagination, it raises the question of how the specific cultural referents on which the offer of the Mont Fébé Bénédictins Muséum in Yaoundé is based, do they participate in the expression and promotion of the identity values of Cameroonian society? To answer this question, we designed an investigation that took place in two phases, including the pre-investigation and the investigation itself. The pre-survey took the form of direct observation, documentary analysis and interviews with open questions with certain museum officials. Regarding the survey itself, it was based on the interviews and the administration of the questionnaire. More precisely, we conducted a survey based on participant observation, documentary research and semi-structured interview, with 50 subjects, including 40 visitors and 05 officials of the said museum, as well as 05 officials of the Ministry in charge of arts and culture. The results reveal that this establishment is a real space for showcasing Cameroonian identity values, in their richness and variety, but whose exhibition system does not promote the appropriation of the messages of the works. Suggestions for a better language system, with a view to better expression and greater promotion of identity values by this Museum have been formulated. This involves, among other things, attaching messages in French, English and in the reference language of the cultural area of origin of the exhibits to facilitate the appropriation of the messages by visitors; to strengthen the linguistic capacities of museum staff, so that they can not only have a perfect command of the content conveyed by the exhibitions, but also that they proceed efficiently to support visitors. Face aux mutations rapides des sociétés actuelles, le patrimoine culturel se positionne comme un puissant levier de construction et de promotion identitaire. Il se pose chaque jour avec acuité, la nécessité d’éduquer au patrimoine et de le transmettre aux générations futures dans toute la richesse de leur authenticité. La présente recherche qui porte sur « le Langage Muséologique comme Forme d’Expression et de Promotion des Valeurs Identitaires », tient son fondement de la nécessité de présenter l’institution muséale comme une vitrine permettant de s’imprégner globalement des réalités identitaires d’un pays. Dans une perspective sous-tendue par la théorie de la représentation sociale et celle de l’imaginaire linguistique, elle se pose la question de savoir en quoi les référents culturels spécifiques sur lesquels se fonde l’offre du musée des bénédictins du Mont Fébé à Yaoundé, participent-ils à l’expression et à la promotion des valeurs identitaires de la société camerounaise? Pour répondre à cette interrogation, nous avons mené une enquête adossée sur l’observation participante, la recherche documentaire et l’entretien semi directif, auprès de 50 sujets, dont 40 visiteurs et 05 responsables dudit musée, ainsi que 05 responsables du Ministère en charge des arts et de la culture. Les résultats révèlent que cet établissement est un véritable espace de mise en vitrine des valeurs identitaires camerounaises, dans leur richesse et leur variété, mais dont le dispositif d’exposition ne favorise pas l’appropriation des messages des œuvres. Des suggestions visant un meilleur dispositif langagier, en vue d’une meilleure expression et une promotion plus accrue des valeurs identitaires par ce Musée ont été formulées. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/300 10.52919/translang.v20i1.300 Language A language of the resource fra Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/300/228 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 20 No 1 (2021): Traduction et Langues Volume : 20 Numéro : 01 / Août 2021; 262-279 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v20i1 Subject The topic of the resource Museological Language language identity values museum promotion Cameroonian society Langage musée promotion valeurs identitaires société camerounaise Title A name given to the resource Le Langage Muséologique comme Forme d’Expression et de Promotion des Valeurs Identitaires Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lachachi , Djamel Eddine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-12-31 Description An account of the resource Word Class Formations and Word Formation Processes in German In this article, we would like to examine changes and development trends in the German language. They are firmly related to system development, whereby the diachronic aspect of the language must be included. Both terms contain "characteristics that make a historical understanding of the language seem necessary" (Braun 1987, 100). The tendencies in the morphological area of word formation and their productivity are mentioned. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/298 10.52919/translang.v2i1.298 Language A language of the resource deu Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/298/225 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2003 TRANSLANG Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 2 No 1 (2003): Traduction et Langues Volume 2: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2003 ; 90-99 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v2i1 Subject The topic of the resource word formation lexicography linguistic forms derivation morphological directions Word formation lexicography linguistic forms derivation morphological directions Title A name given to the resource Wortartbildungen und Wortbildungsverfahren im Deutschen Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Taraman, Soheir Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-12-31 Description An account of the resource المعجم الوسيط Suggestions for Modifications   A Critical insight on al-Mu‘gam al-WasiitOur contribution deals with a critical position on almu‘gam al-wasiit and offers, in a theoretical frame of reference, some suggestions based on individual guidelines for an Arabic dictionary of meanings based on a comparison between the German Wahrig dictionary and the Arabic al-wasiit. The external and internal structures of the two reference works are used for lexicographical basis.Our project is based on the insight that dictionaries are an important and suitable instrument for documenting language authentically, for spreading language use among the language bearers of a language and cultural community in the safest way, and for expanding sound language skills. The individual aspects put up for discussion should therefore focus on deficiencies and the inconsistency of al-wasiit's method while justifying our disposition to draw attention to it.Such individual aspects include, among other things, the additional information (such as the grammatical and stylistic aspects), the structure and the vowel-morphematic order of the dictionary articles as well as the arrangement of word explanation. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/297 10.52919/translang.v2i1.297 Language A language of the resource deu Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/297/224 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2003 TRANSLANG Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 2 No 1 (2003): Traduction et Langues Volume 2: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2003 ; 81-89 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v2i1 Subject The topic of the resource Lexicographical character morphematic ordering principle alphabetical ordering principle the Arabic language Lexicographical character morphematic ordering principle alphabetical ordering principle The Arabic language. Title A name given to the resource المعجم الوسيط Modifikationsvorschläge Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Seddiki , Aoussine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-12-31 Description An account of the resource The German Studies Training in Algeria Goals and Requirements As can be seen from the title of this article, in the context of this analysis I am attempting to pursue the question of developing an efficient or specific curriculum for DaF training in Algerian German departments. However, it seems important to me to first deal with the basic term 'curriculum', which is important for German training. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/296 10.52919/translang.v2i1.296 Language A language of the resource deu Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/296/223 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2003 TRANSLANG Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 2 No 1 (2003): Traduction et Langues Volume 2: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2003 ; 72-80 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v2i1 Subject The topic of the resource German studies Algeria German studies training curricuum DaF German as a foreign language German studies Algeria German studies training curriculum DaF German as a foreign language Title A name given to the resource Die Germanistikausbildung in Algerien Voraussetzungen und Ziele Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bouassida, Maike Antje Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-12-31 Description An account of the resource Grammar Burden or Hurdle? Grammar Burden or Hurdle? The contribution, which is still to be worked out, has the following line of thought: First structural similarities are shown using examples that exist in important areas of the source or lingua franca and the target language. The fact that there are still typical grammatical errors is then shown with the help of authentic examples. An attempt is then made to show the reasons for this. Finally, ideas are presented that should help to improve the current situation. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/295 10.52919/translang.v2i1.295 Language A language of the resource deu Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/295/216 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2003 TRANSLANG Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 2 No 1 (2003): Traduction et Langues Volume 2: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2003 ; 59-71 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v2i1 Subject The topic of the resource Grammar grammar books rewriting the given basic forms University of Manouba Grammar grammar books rewriting of the given basic forms University of Manouba Title A name given to the resource Grammatik-Bürde oder Hürde? Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hassan , Ramadan Nasr Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-12-31 Description An account of the resource On Regional Studies of German-Speaking Areas in Egypt In Egypt — and in many other Arab countries — German as a foreign language plays a significant role both in education and in higher education. In the German departments of the various universities, there is a main course of study in German studies, and the departments also oversee German lessons and German courses in other departments and faculties. Foreign language didactics have almost never been used in Germany. Since the modern language reform, which has advocated a pragmatic, fact-oriented, real history, "regional studies" has been regarded as unnecessarily abbreviating, merely geographical knowledge. This narrow meaning of regional studies lats in travel guides, in which natural regional studies, which can hardly be influenced by humans, a versatile communication module for written and oral communication, an electronic corrector for free text input by the learners, and a presentation module for synchronized lectures. The conception of the platform is based on media didactic aspects, i.e. with the aim of achieving added media didactic value. Empirical studies (e.g. in the area of learning efficiency of grammar animations) show that this added value is actually achieved with the platform and its implementation in uni-deutsch.de Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/294 10.52919/translang.v2i1.294 Language A language of the resource deu Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/294/213 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2003 TRANSLANG Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 2 No 1 (2003): Traduction et Langues Volume 2: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2003 ; 43-58 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v2i1 Subject The topic of the resource Regional studies German-speaking countries Egypt platform pedagogy and teaching research. Title A name given to the resource Zur Landeskunde des deutschsprachigen Raumes in Ägypten Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hassan, Fausia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-12-31 Description An account of the resource Rubaiyat EI-Khayyam between German and Arabic translations Al-Khayyam between the Arabic and German translations -This work deals with the Rubaiyat of Omar Al -Khayyam. -We will cover the life and work of Omar AlKhayyam in general, emphasizing his importance and influence on other poets. A general overview of the different translations is given. It is further examined to what extent the Arabic translations differ from the German translation and where there is a comparison. The question is also asked whether the difference involves social, political or other aspects. -Results   Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/293 10.52919/translang.v2i1.293 Language A language of the resource deu Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/293/212 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2003 TRANSLANG Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 2 No 1 (2003): Traduction et Langues Volume 2: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2003 ; 22-42 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v2i1 Subject The topic of the resource Omar EI-Khayyam the Rubaiyat the various translatios of the Rubaiyat German and Arabic translations Omar EI-Khayyam the Rubaiyat the various translations of the Rubaiyat German and Arabic translations Title A name given to the resource Rubaiyat EI-Khayyam zwischen den deutschen und den arabischen Übersetzungen Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource شقروش, عبد السلام Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-12-31 Description An account of the resource أخذت الترجمة في السنوات الأخيرة منعرجا جديدا، حين صارت محكومة بإطار نظري تلتزم بأسسهالفلسفية وتعمل وفقا لإجراءاته التقنية، ومن هنا ظهرت نظريات عدة تحكم عملية الترجمة، وتنبثق عن نظرياتلسانية، ذلك لأن كل تطور في اللغة لا بد وأن يسايره تطوره في الترجمة .ولقد تعددت مفاهيم والترجمة بتعدد المدارس اللسانية، وظهرت نظريات عدة في الترجمة، أهمها النظرية القواعديةوالنظرية الثقافية والنظرية التفسيرية، فيما برز على الساحة الدراسات في مجال الترجمة المدرسة التوليدية التحويليةوالتي ترى أن الطفل يولد وهو مزود بجهاز اكتساب اللغة، الذي هو عبارة عن أطر منتظمة وفق قانون معين،ويتشابه البشر جميعهم في النظام الأولي لهذه الأطر وترتبط هذه الأخيرة ببرامترات )متغيرات( تختلف من لغةإلى أخرى، وعمل الطفل في مرحلة الاكتساب اللغوي هو تثبيت هذه البرامترات، لتأخذ شكلها النهائي والذييمثل النضج اللغوية واكتساب اللغة الأم يتم التحكم في اللغة الثانية بتثبيت ثان للبرامترات في مختلف النظم اللسانية وإعادة التثبيت هذه لها علاقة مباشرةبعملية التثبيت الأولى، في المتعلم يأخذ الخصائص التمييزية للغة الأولى ويطبقها على اللغة الثانية، إلى أن يصطدمبواقع تتعارض مع فرضياته التي وضعها، وبعد استخلاص معاني جديدة من أخرى قديمة وتمييز أفكار ومفاهيمفي لغة من تشبيهاتها في لغة أخرى، يحصل اكتساب نظام جديد للتصور اللغوي. Translation and Second Language Control: An approach within the framework of transformational generative theory In recent years, translation took a new turn, when it became governed by a theoretical framework that adheres to its philosophical foundations and works in accordance with its technical procedures.The concepts and translation have been multiplied by the multiplicity of linguistic schools, and several theories have emerged in translation, the most important of which are grammatical theory, cultural theory, and explanatory theory. According to a certain law, all humans are similar in the initial system of these frameworks, and the latter is linked to parameters (variables) that differ from one language to another, and the child is born with a language acquisition device capable of installing these parameters, to take their final form, which represents linguistic maturity and acquisition of the mother tongue.The second language is controlled by a second fixation of the parameters in the various linguistic systems, and this re-fixation is directly related to the first fixation process. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/289 10.52919/translang.v1i1.289 Language A language of the resource ara Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/289/210 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2002 TRANSLANG Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 1 No 1 (2002): Traduction et Langues Volume 1: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2002 ; 130-138 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v1i1 Subject The topic of the resource translation second language control approach transformational generative theory الترجمة التحكم في اللغة الثانية مقاربة النظرية التوليدية التحويلية Title A name given to the resource الترجمة والتحكم في اللغة الثانية مقاربة في إطار النظرية التوليدية التحويلية Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article