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                <text>Ait, Yala Camila</text>
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                <text>Contingencies related to the collection of multimodal data in a company
Nowadays, multi-modality is a necessary dimension for exploitation and analysis of speech-in- interaction since it enriches the classical linguistic descriptions exclusively based on the verbal. However, the constitution of visual and corporal resources by the use of the video remains complex and raises many difficulties in particular those related to the consent of the resource persons to be filmed. This is a classic problem of linguistics but it is rarely discussed in detail. In a resolutely ethico-methodological approach, and based on a field experience conducted in a company, we aim to shed light on this phenomenon which, as we will show, is significantly subject to constraints specifically related to context of the company as well as cultural considerations, particularly those related to the gender issue.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 18 No 2 (2019): Traduction et Langues Volume : 18 Numéro : 02 / Décembre 2019; 92-105</text>
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                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v18i2</text>
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                <text>consent</text>
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                <text>gender</text>
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                <text>verbal interaction</text>
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                <text>video</text>
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                <text>Corpus</text>
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                <text>consentement</text>
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                <text>entreprise</text>
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                <text>interaction verbale</text>
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                <text>multimodalité</text>
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                <text>vidéo</text>
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                <text>Les contingences liées au recueil de données  multimodales en entreprise</text>
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                <text>Caprioli, Francesco</text>
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                <text>2021-12-31</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>يركز هذا المقال على دراسة تطور المفاوضات الدبلوماسية الإسبانية مع مدينة الجزائر ضمن النصف الأول من القرن السادس عشر، ويهدف أيضا إلى معرفة أسباب عدم الوصول لتحقيق الاتصالات والعلاقات ضمن سياسة مشتركة التي كانت أملها حكومة الممل كة الإسبانية. من أجل هذا سنتطرق لدراسة وتعريف النموذج الدبلوماسي المنتشر آنذاك للتفاوض مع الجزائريين. كما سنحدد أهدافه من خلال عرض نظرة نظام الممل كة الإسبانية لحكام مدينة الجزائر من خلال وثيقة محفوظة في الأرشيف العام بسيمانكاس، وهي عبارة عن رسالة بعثها الحاكم حسن باشا إلى أندريا دوريا صائفة 1548. تعرض هذه الرسالة الإعتبارات الاجتماعية والسياسية التي عرضها الإسبان من أجل التفاوض مع من تحاوروا معهم من شمال إفريقيا والتي كانت لها تأثير جلي على نتائج العديد من البعثات الدبلوماسية التي أجريت في مدينة الجزائر.</text>
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                <text>The Spanish Monarchy became used to negotiating with Algerians in the final decades of the fifteenth centuries, when the Catholic Monarchs began reaching commercial and political agreements with many North African harbours. However, once the Ghazi corsairs from the Levant —Oruç and Hayreddin Barbarossa— conquered Algiers in the late 1510s, Spanish relationships with this harbour completely changed. From that moment on, Algiers tuned into an Ottoman possession subordinated to the House of Osman, posing a real threat to the Spanish Habsburgs’ Mediterranean estates. Although the Spanish Monarchy sent several military expeditions to recover Algiers, none of these attempts was successful. At the same time, Spaniards also considered diplomacy as a useful means of maintaining a channel of communication with Algerians open. Hence, this article focuses on the first half of the sixteenth century and aims to explore the evolution of Spanish diplomacy with Ottoman Algiers to find out why these inter-policy contacts did not achieve the purposes hoped for by the government of the Spanish Monarchy. For that reason, after defining the diplomatic model deployed to negotiate with the Algerians and its goals, I shall explore how the Spanish Monarchy regarded the Ottoman governors of Algiers by studying a letter that beylerbeyi Hasan Pasha sent to the Genoese Admiral Andrea Doria in the summer of 1548. This letter, which is conserved in the Archivo General de Simancas, presents us with a great opportunity to note that the socio-political consideration granted by the Spaniards to their North African interlocutors had considerable influence on the results of diplomatic missions conducted in Algiers.</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/248</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v20i2.248</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/248/180</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 20 No 2 (2021): Traduction et Langues Volume : 20 Numéro : 02 / Décembre 2021; 66-75</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="308346">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>1112-3974</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v20i2</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Early Modern Diplomacy</text>
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                <text>Translation</text>
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                <text>knowledge</text>
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                <text>Mediterranean</text>
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                <text>Ottoman Algiers</text>
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                <text>Spanish Monarchy</text>
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                <text>البحر الأبيض المتوسط</text>
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                <text>الترجمة</text>
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                <text>الجزائر العثمانية</text>
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                <text>المملكة الإسبانية</text>
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                <text>المعرفة</text>
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                <text>الدبلوماسية الحديثة</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Why Did Everything Go Wrong? Some Notes on Hispano-Algerian Diplomatic Misunderstanding from a Study of a Letter of Beylerbeyi Hasan Pasha (1545-51)</text>
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                  <text>Traduction et Langues</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Rezga, Zahraa</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>‘Islam and the West’ is an expression we often come across when we debate any historical, political, theological, anthropological, sociological, or geopolitical issue. Though the terms are asymmetrical, their recurrent association makes them appear natural. Islam, which is a religion, is associated with the West that refers to a cultural entity – the world of people who are not Muslims and not even Arabs. It might be more appropriate to say Islam and Christendom, or the East and the West. Raising the problematic of asymmetry allows one to ask the question: why is Islam often the first in position? Or why do we never say the West and Islam? With the aim of confirming that it is not an order at random, several interpretations may be given. None of these will state that Islam is taken for its literal meaning. It is viewed as a complicated abstract concept, a word loaded with an infinite number of connotations, and a faith whose context spans not only mere epochs but the whole world history. The point of departure is to consider where the overwhelming ideological onslaught of the West stems from. If we assume the motives to be religio-political, the whole article would seek to locate the West’s antipathy towards Islam both historically and theologically.</text>
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                <text>« L’islam et l’Occident » est une expression que nous rencontrons souvent lorsque nous débattons d’un problème historique, politique, théologique, anthropologique, sociologique ou géopolitique. Bien que les termes soient asymétriques, leur association récurrente les a fait paraître naturels. L'islam, qui est une religion, est associé à l'Occident qui se réfère à une entité culturelle - le monde des gens qui ne sont pas musulmans ni même arabes. Il serait peut-être plus approprié de dire l'islam et la chrétienté, ou l'est et l'ouest. Le fait de soulever la problématique de l'asymétrie permet de se poser la question : pourquoi l'islam est-il souvent le premier en position ? Ou pourquoi ne dit-on jamais l'Occident et l'Islam ? Dans le but de confirmer qu’il ne s’agit pas d’un ordre au hasard, plusieurs interprétations peuvent être données. Aucune d’entre elles ne dira que l’islam est pris pour son sens littéral. Il est considéré comme un concept abstrait compliqué, un mot chargé d'un nombre infini de connotations, une foi dont le contexte s'étend non seulement à de simples époques, mais à toute l'histoire du monde. Le point de départ est d’examiner l’origine de l’attaque idéologique dominante de l’Occident. Si nous supposons que les motifs sont politico-religieux, l’ensemble de l’article chercherait à situer l’antipathie de l’Occident envers l’Islam à la fois historiquement et théologiquement.</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/430</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/430/344</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 18 No 2 (2019): Traduction et Langues Volume : 18 Numéro : 02 / Décembre 2019; 128-137</text>
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                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>Antipathy</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308321">
                <text>History</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308323">
                <text>Islam</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308324">
                <text>the West</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308325">
                <text>Theology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308326">
                <text>Antipathie</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308327">
                <text>Histoire</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308328">
                <text>Islam</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308329">
                <text>Occident</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308330">
                <text>Théologie</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308331">
                <text>Islam and the West: A Controversial Dichotomy</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308332">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308333">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308334">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115965">
                  <text>Articles</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="305416">
                  <text>Articles</text>
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            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="308276">
                <text>Désirée, Nogo Marie</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="308277">
                <text>Gaston, Bessala</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308278">
                <text>2021-12-15</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Image, Language and Rites: the case of Tso’o among the Eton
Image, language and rites: the case of Tso’o among the Eton will allow us to question andanalyze the image and language in the context of the Tso’o rite among the Eton people (Cameroon). André Haquin (2005) conceives rites as symbolic practices, carrying plural meanings and whose interpretation is first to be sought in their implementation, in the action itself, accompanied by words and in their ritual environment. Calling on the ethnography of Hymes (1962, 1972), the rules of speech and communication skills will be analyzed in a culturally significant context, that of Tso’o. Let us specify here with Hymes (1967) that the choice of linguistic means, of the morphosyntactic realizations with which the speaker will perform his speech acts, depends on the circumstances surrounding the act of communication: here, the context of Tso’o. It is a rite that plays a cathartic role of removing a curse rooted in a community that arose after the tragic death of a member of that community. Thus, this rite will be understood through the language techniques used, the various sacred objects and codes used. Based on documentary research and field surveys, this study will show that the celebration of the Tso’o rite obeys its own rules and specific canons to achieve a specific objective: to remove the curse.</text>
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                <text>Image, langue et rites : cas du Tso’o chez les Eton permettra de questionner et d’analyser l’image et la langue en contexte de rite Tso’o chez le peuple Eton (Cameroun). André Haquin (2005) conçoit les rites comme des pratiques symboliques, porteuses de significations plurielles et dont l’interprétation est d’abord à chercher dans leur mise en œuvre, dans l’action elle-même, accompagnée de paroles et dans leur environnement rituel. Convoquant donc l’ethnographie de Hymes (1962, 1972) les règles de la parole et la compétence de communication seront analysées dans un contexte culturellement significatif, celui du Tso’o. Précisons ici avec Hymes (1967) que le choix des moyens linguistiques, des réalisations morphosyntaxiques avec lesquelles le locuteur va réaliser ses actes de parole dépend des circonstances qui entourent l’acte de communication : ici, le contexte du Tso’o. C’est un rite qui joue un rôle cathartique consistant à faire évacuer une malédiction ancrée dans une communauté survenue après la mort tragique d’un membre de cette communauté. Ainsi donc, ce rite sera appréhendé au travers des techniques langagières employées, des différents objets sacrés et codes utilisés. Se basant ainsi sur la recherche documentaire et les enquêtes de terrain, cette étude montrera que la célébration du rite Tso’o obéit à des règles qui lui sont propres et à des canons spécifiques pour atteindre un objectif précis : faire disparaître la malédiction.</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308281">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="308282">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/243</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="308283">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v20i2.243</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="308284">
                <text>fra</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308285">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308286">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/243/177</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308287">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 20 No 2 (2021): Traduction et Langues Volume : 20 Numéro : 02 / Décembre 2021; 120-138</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="308288">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308289">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308291">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v20i2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308292">
                <text>Image</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308294">
                <text>language</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308296">
                <text>Rite</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308298">
                <text>Tso'o</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308300">
                <text>Eton</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308302">
                <text>Tradition</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308304">
                <text>Image</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308306">
                <text>Language</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308308">
                <text>Rite</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308310">
                <text>Tso'o</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308312">
                <text>Eton</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308314">
                <text>Tradition</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308316">
                <text>Image, langue et rites : cas du Tso’o chez les Eton</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308318">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="308320">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115964">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="303802">
                  <text>Traduction et Langues</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308233">
                <text>Ben Achour, Riadh</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308235">
                <text>2019-12-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308237">
                <text>تهدف هذه المحاولة إلى مزيد تسليط الضوء على زاوية انحراف مرآة الترجمة، ومن ثمة علىمُعضلة التغيير الذي غالبا الأصل من جهة الهدف نتيجة استهداف المعنى وقصد كاتب النص ما يطرأ على لغة النص ، ومراعاة ذوق قارئ الترجمة وبيئته الثقافية من جهة أخرى. فاختلفت وجهات النظر بين من يرى في التعديل خيانة للنص الأصل، ومن يرى أنه لا مناص من الأصل. وهذه المعادلة الص ذلك لإنتاج نص فيه من البيان ووُضوح المعنى ما به يتحقق مبدأ التكافؤ الل غوي بينه وبين النص عبة تستوجب في اعتقادنا الاستنجاد بمزايا البحث في عمل الترجمة.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="308238">
                <text>About the Construction of Meaning through the "Curious Translation"
This attempt aims at further highlighting the angle of translation deflection, and hence the dilemma of change, which often occurs in the language of the target text as a result of the meaning of the text and the intention of the author of the original text, and taking into account the taste of the translation reader and its cultural environment. The views differed between those who view the amendment as a betrayal of the original text and those who believe that it is necessary to produce a text in which the statement and clarity of meaning achieve the principle of linguistic equivalence between this one and the original text. This difficult equation requires that we believe in the advantages of research in the work of translation.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308240">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308242">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/429</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308244">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v18i2.429</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308245">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308247">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308249">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/429/341</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308250">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 18 No 2 (2019): Traduction et Langues Volume : 18 Numéro : 02 / Décembre 2019; 184-204</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308252">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308254">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308255">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v18i2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308257">
                <text>Equivalent</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308259">
                <text>Meaning</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308260">
                <text>Search</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308262">
                <text>Statement</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308264">
                <text>Translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308265">
                <text>بحث</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308267">
                <text>بيان</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308269">
                <text>ترجمة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308270">
                <text>تكافؤ</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308271">
                <text>معنى</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308272">
                <text>في مظاهر استجلاء المعنى في " الترجمة البحث "</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308273">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308274">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308275">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115965">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="305416">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308221">
                <text>Alshehri, Faiz</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308222">
                <text>2021-12-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308223">
                <text>Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich mit den Folgen der Digitalisierung für die Übersetzungsbranche und die Rolle der Übersetzer. Er zeigt, dass sog. computer-assisted tools(CAT) zwar einerseits hilfreich für die Arbeit der Übersetzer sein können und deren Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit und Produktivität erhöhen können, andererseits aber zu Dumpingpreisen beitragen und den Beitrag vermitteln, Übersetzen sei eine sehr einfache Aufgabe, die gleichsam jedermann mit Hilfe von CATs erledigen können. Ferner wird veranschaulicht, wie Digitalisierung und Globalisierung sich auf die Übersetzungsindustrie auswirken und zu einer rasenden Vermehrung von Betrügern und Scammers führen.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="308224">
                <text>Brave New World of Translators? Opportunities and Challenges of Digitalisation for Translators
For Knowledge societies, it is of paramount importance to develop skills so that this knowledge can be identified, transformed, disseminated, used and applied. A new configuration of knowledge through the development of meta resources can be used to promote new forms of collaboration and cooperation, which are increasingly taking place in the digital environment. Three driving forces are causing this shift. First, the shift away from labour and capital-intensive activities towards activities where information and technical knowledge or expertise are in the foreground. Second, globalization is a significant driving force since globalization and digitization are closely interlinked. Third, Information communication technologies enable the processing and analysis of large amounts of data, which have greatly reduced transaction costs for cooperation and interaction. We can, therefore, speak of a new world of digital translators. The paper at hand deals with the effects digitalisation has had on business translation and the role of the translators. It shows that while computer-assisted tools might on the one hand be indeed helpful for translators and increase speed and productivity, on the other hand they tend to contribute to dumping prices and convey the impression that translation is a fairly easy task which can be accomplished by almost everyone with the help of CATs and assign translators the mere role of post-editors, even if this can mean that there is hardly any readable machine translation has to be translated almost entirely from scratch. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how digitalisation and globalisation impinge on the translator business and lead to the thriving of scammers and frauds. Due to the now quite efficient machine translation freely available translations by amateurs and the impression that TM systems are able to do the majority of the translation work, translation runs the risk of being perceived as a digital good, as something cheap, simple and fast for which basically no well-paid experts are needed. Realistically, therefore, there can be no talk of a brave new world of translators in the digital sphere. Apart from that, professional associations and the few 49 translation agencies that also care about translators should think about how to deal more effectively with the numerous grievances in the digital world, from poor pay to fraud</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308225">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308226">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/242</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308227">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v20i2.242</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308228">
                <text>deu</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308229">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="46">
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="308230">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/242/176</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308231">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 20 No 2 (2021): Traduction et Langues Volume : 20 Numéro : 02 / Décembre 2021; 48-65</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308232">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308234">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308236">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v20i2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308239">
                <text>Digitalisierung</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308241">
                <text>computergestützte</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308243">
                <text>Tools</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308246">
                <text>maschinelle Übersetzung</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308248">
                <text>Geschäftsübersetzung</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308251">
                <text>Digitalisation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308253">
                <text>computer-assisted tools</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308256">
                <text>machine translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308258">
                <text>business translation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308261">
                <text>Schöne neue Übersetzerwelt?  Chancen und Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung für  Translatoren</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308263">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308266">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115964">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="303802">
                  <text>Traduction et Langues</text>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308193">
                <text>Slimani, Asma</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308194">
                <text>2019-12-31</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308195">
                <text>Translating the Cultural Anthroponym in the DibianNordic Trilogy: Preservation of Foreignness and/ or Fundamental Meaning
This study is considered to be a part of a larger scope of research on the cultural issues of literary translations. It is mainly devoted to tackle the issue of translating anthroponyms as “Culturèmes” as being particular cultural units in Mohammed Dib’s novels: Les Terrasses d’Orsol (1985), Le sommeil d’Eve (1989) and Neiges de marbre (2003). This paper relies on studies of Cultural Units Translation: Lungu- Badea (2012) and Ballard (2001) in order to compare the provided options under two strategies: Foreignization and Domestication. In fact, the various processes can be revealed by the analysis of some particular examples taken from the Arabic translation of the Nordic trilogy.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308196">
                <text>Translating the Cultural Anthroponym in the DibianNordic Trilogy: Preservation of Foreignness and/ or Fundamental Meaning
Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre des enjeux culturels de la traduction littéraire. Nous y abordons la problématique de la traduisibilité des anthroponymes envisagés comme culturèmes dans les romans Dibiens : Les Terrasses d’Orsol (1985), Le sommeil d’Eve (1989) et Neiges de marbre (2003). Nous nous appuyons sur des études portant sur la traduction des unités culturelles : Lungu-Badea (2012) et Ballard (2001) afin de comparer les options relevant de deux stratégies : Dépaysement et Acclimatation. Les différents procédés sont dégagés par l’analyse d’exemples tirés de la traduction arabe de la Trilogie Nordique.</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308197">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308198">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/428</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="308199">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v18i2.428</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308200">
                <text>fra</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308201">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308202">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/428/338</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308203">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 18 No 2 (2019): Traduction et Langues Volume : 18 Numéro : 02 / Décembre 2019; 36-51</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308204">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308205">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308206">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v18i2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308207">
                <text>Anthroponym</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308208">
                <text>culturème</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308209">
                <text>Dibian novel</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308210">
                <text>domestication</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308211">
                <text>foreignization</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308212">
                <text>Acclimatation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308213">
                <text>anthroponyme</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308214">
                <text>culturème</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308215">
                <text>dépaysement</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308216">
                <text>roman Dibien</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308217">
                <text>Traduire l’Anthroponyme-Culturème dans la Trilogie  Nordique Dibienne :  Préservation de l’Etrangéité et/ou Primat du Sens</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308218">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308219">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115964">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="303802">
                  <text>Traduction et Langues</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308141">
                <text>Haninfi, Mustapha</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308143">
                <text>2019-12-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308145">
                <text>إن الهدف المتوخى من هذا البحث، هو تسليط الضوء على مسألة هامة في مجال الترجمة المتخصصة. إذ يتعلق الأمر بمجال حساس تهتم به كبر يات معاهد الترجمة نظرا لأهميته القصوى: وهو مجال العلوم والتكنولوجيا. يتناول البحث ومنذ البداية أهمية الترجمة في هذا الميدان بالنسبة ل كثير من الدول واستراتيجياتها للتطور. ومن ثمة يتطرق إلى واقع الترجمة في هذا المجال في الجزائر، من خلال طرح إشكاليات عدة متعلقة بهذا النوع من الترجمات، مع محاولة التعبير عن هذا الواقع من خلال دراسات إحصائية لعدد من ال كتب المترجمة في المجال نفسه. و بعد التعليق على ما تم التوصل إليه من خلال الدراسة الإحصائية يتم التوصل لقراءة معينة لهذا الواقع. وما دام الأمر متعلقا بالترجمة المتخصصة، فالغاية كذلك هي على أن يكون لنتائج البحث صلة ببرامج التكوين في الترجمة من منطلق مهني ومن خلال استشراف يتوخى جميع الظروف والمجالات بما فيها المجال العلمي والتكنولوجي.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="308147">
                <text>Translation of Science and Technology in Algeria: Present state and Perspectives
The aim of this paper is to focus on the translation of science and technology in Algeria. The importance of this professional field places it in the central concern of many countries pursuing progress; the prominent institutions of translation in the world attempt to give more significance to the training in this domain. Accordingly, we intended to illustrate the state of this kind of professional translation in our country and examine the extent to which it meets the increasing demand abroad. Indeed, we tried to highlight its importance by making a statistical study of translated books on science and technology. Also, we used the findings of the investigation to suggest recommendation for the training programmes in professional translation, especially in science and technology.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308149">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308151">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/427</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308153">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v18i2.427</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308155">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308156">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308158">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/427/336</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308160">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 18 No 2 (2019): Traduction et Langues Volume : 18 Numéro : 02 / Décembre 2019; 172-183</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308161">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308163">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308165">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v18i2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308166">
                <text>Professional translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308168">
                <text>state</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308170">
                <text>science and technology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308172">
                <text>training</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308173">
                <text>programmes</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308175">
                <text>الترجمة المتخصصة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308177">
                <text>واقع</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308179">
                <text>العلوم والتكنولوجيا</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308180">
                <text>تكوين</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308182">
                <text>برامج</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308184">
                <text>الترجمة العلمية والتكنولوجية في الجزائر: واقع وآفاق</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="308185">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308187">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="308189">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115965">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="305416">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308133">
                <text>Shiyab, Said</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308134">
                <text>2021-12-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308135">
                <text>This paper explores the effect of globalization on the translation industry and the demands it places on translators. The paper argues that translators are not only individuals with some knowledge of the source or target language, but they also often act as mediators between the discourse of the source culture and the discourse of the target audience. To be a successful translator, one has to possess the knowledge of both the general culture of the target audience, specialized knowledge within the domain of that particular text, and perfect knowledge of the target language, not to mention the ability to detect any particularities in the source text and language. The article argues for the imperative of equipping modern interpreters and translators with a set of extra-linguistic assets imposed by the modern economic structure of the world. The paper traces back the history of the English language as an example of the domineering linguistic power that has been solidified by socio-political and economic status leading up to considering it a globalized code. The outcome of this universal metamorphosis has reached such a point that it requires from people worldwide and namely in specific areas of trade to adapt to these exigencies. In this sense, global and business exchanges cannot be successfully realized without a strong probability of understanding the message issuing from the other. Hence the need to create interlinguistic agents that are able to minimize the existing nuances between people of the world primarily for universal economic reasons. Those people are supposed to reach beyond the linguistic requirements for the act of translation and to embrace the demands of the specific business field or area which in is in itself a part of competency within the boundaries of modern training impositions. The article contends as well for the need on the part of modern translators to embrace modern technological innovations that are supposed to be shielded to support the human trials to bring in concrete shape poles-apart nations. In a globalized world, technology invades all life domains where translation studies are no exception. The paper concludes by suggesting strategies for translators to position themselves as assets to their organization and to counteract the belief that anyone with language experience can translate.</text>
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                <text>Cet article explore l'effet de la mondialisation sur l'industrie de la traduction et les exigences qu'elle impose aux traducteurs. L'article soutient que les traducteurs ne sont pas seulement des individus ayant une certaine connaissance de la langue source ou cible, mais qu'ils agissent aussi souvent comme médiateurs entre le discours de la culture source et le discours du public cible. Pour être un bon traducteur, il faut posséder à la fois la connaissance de la culture générale du public cible, des connaissances spécialisées dans le domaine de ce texte particulier et une parfaite connaissance de la langue cible, sans oublier la capacité de détecter d'éventuelles particularités dans le texte source et la langue. L'article défend l'impératif de doter les interprètes et traducteurs modernes d'un ensemble d'atouts extra-linguistiques imposés par la structure économique moderne du monde. L'article retrace l'histoire de la langue anglaise comme un exemple du pouvoir linguistique dominant qui a été solidifié par le statut socio-politique et économique menant à la considérer comme un code mondialisé. L'aboutissement de cette métamorphose universelle a atteint un tel point qu'il demande aux hommes du monde entier et notamment dans des domaines spécifiques du commerce de s'adapter à ces exigences. En ce sens, les échanges mondiaux et d'affaires ne peuvent se réaliser avec succès sans une forte probabilité de comprendre le message issu de l'autre. D'où la nécessité de créer des agents interlinguistiques capables de minimiser les nuances existantes entre les peuples du monde principalement pour des raisons économiques universelles. Ces personnes sont censées aller au-delà des exigences linguistiques de l'acte de traduction et embrasser les exigences du domaine ou du domaine d'activité spécifique qui en soi fait partie de la compétence dans les limites des impositions de formation modernes. L'article soutient également la nécessité pour les traducteurs modernes d'adopter les innovations technologiques modernes qui sont censées être protégées pour soutenir les essais humains visant à concrétiser des nations aux pôles séparés. Dans un monde globalisé, la technologie envahit tous les domaines de la vie où les études de traduction ne font pas exception. L'article conclut en suggérant des stratégies permettant aux traducteurs de se positionner comme des atouts pour leur organisation et de contrecarrer la croyance selon laquelle toute personne ayant une expérience linguistique peut traduire.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 20 No 2 (2021): Traduction et Langues Volume : 20 Numéro : 02 / Décembre 2021; 76-84</text>
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                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>1112-3974</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v20i2</text>
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                <text>Globalization</text>
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                <text>technology</text>
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                <text>translation</text>
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                <text>interpreting</text>
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                <text>mediation</text>
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                <text>technologie</text>
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                <text>traduction</text>
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                <text>interprétariat</text>
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                <text>médiation</text>
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                <text>Role of Translators and Interpreters in Global Business</text>
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                  <text>Traduction et Langues</text>
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                <text>Karima, Aït Meziane</text>
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                <text>How can Berber cultural values be translated by analysing the translation of different types of culturemes in the work of Mouloud Feraoun's ‘La Terre et le Sang’, written in French and translated into Arabic? The objective of this paper is to seek ways to resolve the treatment of cultural elements in the translation of French-speaking Algerian literature texts into Arabic. To achieve this overall objective, the following specific objectives were raised: first, to present an overview of the translation approaches that focus on cultural transfer and the different theoretical proposals concerning the relationship between language and culture in order to establish the theoretical framework for this study. Secondly, develop a model for the analysis of cultural elements in translation. Finally, describe and examine the cultural fields that generate the most significant cultural problems in French-Arabic translation.</text>
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                <text>Comment traduire les valeurs culturelles berbères en s’appuyant sur l’analyse du transfert de différents types de culturèmes dans l’œuvre de La Terre et le Sang de Mouloud Feraoun, écrit en français et traduit à l’arabe ? L'objectif fixé est de chercher comment résoudre le traitement de la traduction des éléments culturels de textes de littérature algérienne d’expression française en arabe. Pour atteindre cet objectif global, on a soulevé les objectifs spécifiques suivants : en premier lieu, présenter un état des approches traductologiques qui portent leur intérêt sur le transfert culturel et sur les différentes propositions théoriques concernant la relation entre la langue et la culture afin d'établir le cadre théorique de cette étude. En second, élaborer un modèle pour l'analyse des éléments culturels dans la traduction. En dernier lieu, décrire et examiner les champs culturels qui engendrent des problèmes d’ordre culturel les plus importants dans la traduction français-arabe.</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/426</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/426/339</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 18 No 2 (2019): Traduction et Langues Volume : 18 Numéro : 02 / Décembre 2019; 114-127</text>
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                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v18i2</text>
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                <text>Amazigh culture</text>
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                <text>Cultureme</text>
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                <text>Literary translation</text>
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                <text>Stratégies et techniques de traduction littéraire</text>
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                <text>Transferring Berber-Kabyle Cultural Units from French into  Arabic</text>
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                <text>La Problématique du Transfert des Culturèmes  Berbères-Kabyles- Ecrits en Français à L’arabe</text>
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