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                <text>يؤدي عقد التأجير التمويلي دورا هاما في المجال الاقتصادي ، إذ يعد من وسائل التمويل الهامة لتمويل المشروعات على اختلاف انواعها بما يسهم في تنمية الحركة التجارية من خلال عمليات التمويل المختلفة التي يقوم بها المؤجر التمويلي فهو من جهة يقوم&amp;nbsp; المؤجر التمويلي&amp;nbsp; بشراء او استئجار المعدات والاصول الرأسمالية والعقارات ثم يقوم بتأجيرها مما ينتج عنه عقود مختلفة يترتب عليها التزامات وحقوق متبادلة ناتجة عن العقود التي تربط اطراف العلاقة القانونية ونظرا لأهمية الدور الذي تضطلع به شركات التأجير التمويلي ( وهو الشكل الغالب للمؤجر التمويلي ) وخطورة الاثار المترتبة على اعمال التأجير التمويلي فقد اهتمت الدول بتنظيم عمليات التأجير التمويلي واحاطتها بالضوابط القانونية الخاصة التي تحدد اعمال التأجير التمويلي والحقوق والالتزامات الناتجة عنها وبيان الشكل القانوني للمؤجر التمويلي والخيارات المتاحة له عند نهاية العقد وبالشكل الذي يضمن حقوق المؤجر التمويلي ورعاية مصالح المتعاملين معه وبما يخدم النشاط الاقتصادي ودقع عمليات الاستثمار خصوصا في مشروعات البنية الاساسية .</text>
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                <text>يتكون الخطاب بعامة والخطاب النبوي الشريف بخاصة من جانبين مهمين: جانب صوتي(مسموع)وجانب غير صوتي(مرئي) تلعب فيه الحركات الجسدية دورا مهما في تحديد مقاصد المتكلم. يسعى هذا المقال إلى تسليط الضوء على تلك العلامات المصاحبة للخطاب النبوي الشريف من خلال تتبع حركات وهيئات الجسد الشريف للرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم وأثر ذلك في استشراف المعاني والتأثير في المتلقي&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>The speech in general and the prophetic discourse in particular is characterised with the audio and visual features where body language plays a significant in determining the speaker's intentions. This article seeks to highlight associating features to the prophetic discourse through out studying and analysing the movements and the body language of the prophet-peace be upon him- and their impact on understanding meanings and their influence on the receiver</text>
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                <text>العلامات المصاحبة للخطاب النبوي الشريف</text>
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                <text>The associating features of the prophetic-speech</text>
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                <text>تواصل</text>
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                <text>خطاب نبوي</text>
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                <text>إشارة</text>
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                <text>فراسة</text>
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                <text>الكرعاوي, آمنة فؤاد عبد الامير علي</text>
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                <text>صمادي, وناسة</text>
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                <text>ان الهدف الرئيسي من كتابة هذا البحث هو تسليط الضوء على كيفية التنفيذ على شركة المشروع الفردي ،حيث ان هذا الموضوع&amp;nbsp; يثير العديد من الاشكاليات على الصعيد العملي ،وان كتابتنا لهذا البحث قد جاءت لتوضيح جميع الجوانب القانونية المتعلقة بالتنفيذ على شركة المشروع الفردي وماهي اجراءاته ،اضافة الى ذلك فإننا تطرقنا قبل الخوض في عملية التنفيذ الى التعريف بالمشروع الفردي من خلال معرفة طبيعته القانونية وهل يعتبر شركة ام لا باعتبار ان مالكها هو شخص واحد وهذا يتناقض مع تعريف الشركة باعتبارها عقد والعقد لا يتم الا بوجود ارادتين، اضافة الى ذلك فقد تم تحديد مسؤولية مالك المشروع الفردي وتم اعتبارها بانها مسؤولية شخصية وغير محدودة اي ان المشروع الفردي يعتبر ضمان للدائنين لأنه في حال اعسار الشركة فان الدائنين يستطيعون الحجز على اموال صاحب المشروع اضافة الى اموال الشركة باعتبار ان هنالك خلط في الذمم المالية للمشروع الفردي ومالكه ولكن المشرع قد قيد هذا الحجز بانه لا يتم الا اذا كان الدين ممتازا والا فان الدائنين لا يحق لهم التنفيذ على اموال الشركة.</text>
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                <text>يدور موضوع الدراسة حول موت المثقف في رواية المحنة التي أرخت لجنيالوجيا العنف والألم في الجزائر، حيت ارتبط بتوقيف المسار الانتخابي بعد تشريعيات 1991 ، بفوز الحزب المنحل –فيس- ، تحولت اثر ذلك الجزائر إلى فضاء يمارس فيه القتل سلطته على الجميع خاصة الأنتلجنسيا، المستهدفة أكثر من غيرها من قبل أولئك الذين غذُوا العنف و أكدوا براديغم الانسان الشرير بطبعه.</text>
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                <text>the subject of the study on the intellectual in the novel of the plight, which chronicled Genia Logia violence and pain in Algeria, where the violence was linked to the arrest of the electoral track after the legislation of 1991, and the victory of the party of Fiss turned Algeria after that into a space in which the killing of this power over everyone, especially the Atlantis, by those who fueled the violence and Bradygam the evil man by nature.</text>
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                <text>مجلة الشرق الأوسط للدراسات القانونية والفقهية ; مجلد 3 عدد 3 (2023): مجلة الشرق الأوسط للدراسات القانونية والفقهية; 189-178</text>
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                <text>التنفيذ – شركة – المشروع – الفردي</text>
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                <text>Violence</text>
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                <text>The narrative of adversity</text>
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                <text>Terrorism</text>
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                <text>The death of the intellectual</text>
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                <text>The intellectual and the question of violence and death in the novel of adversity</text>
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                <text>Theories like Feminism, Marxism and Post-colonialism work on the contextualization of literature. Exponents of these theories promote the employment of such approaches in the field of education in order to raise the students’ awareness towards social and political issues, and help them inculcate and develop the skill of critical reading of literary texts. In the 1990s, a new approach evolved in the domain of literary studies that called for the same task but from a different perspective, i.e. Ecocriticism. Hence, taking Ecocriticism as a theoretical framework, the paper in hand has discussed Ghassan Kanafani’s novella Returning to Haifa with a special focus on the use of nature and environment with their various meanings and connotations in the novella. The paper’s main objective is to contribute in the promotion of Ecocriticism as a tool for critical reading. It also aimed at raising students’ awareness of environmental crises, particularly those caused by conflicts and wars.&amp;nbsp; The paper has postulated that Ecological awareness would help students to gain better understanding of the consequences of conflicts and to be more cautious in their treatment of the environment around them. After the analysis of Kanafani’s novella, the researcher found that the author attempted to convey messages to the readers through his treatment of nature. Most of these messages lament the loss of the natural elements as well as the human intuitive nature due to wars and conflicts that result in displacement of people and hence the destruction of environment and imbalance in the ecosystem.</text>
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                <text>تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى إبراز الأساليب الفنية التصويرية المرتبطة بالعمل الأدبي على اعتبارها ركائز جوهرية تتضمن طاقات احتوائية ضخمة تمتد لاحتواء القدرة الإبداعية الشاملة لمضمون العمل الإبداعي قصد تحقيق استقطاب فكري حضوري يجسده العمل الإبداعي بفعالية تمد بظلالها إلى الطاقة المستقطبة المتقمصة للفعل الإستقبالي في حدود النص بسلطته الامتدادية.</text>
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                <text>This study aims to highlight the artistic and graphic methods associated withliterary work as essential pillars that include huge containment energies that extend tocontain the overall creative capacity of the content of the creative work in order toachieve an intellectual polarization of presence embodied by the creative workeffectively extending its shadows to the receptive action within the boundaries of thetext with its extending power.</text>
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                <text>10.56961/mejlls.v1i1.336</text>
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                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/912</text>
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                <text>Manar Elsharq for Studies and Research</text>
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                <text>University of Batna1</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66823">
                <text>الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Abdulkader M. H.  Onin</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</text>
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                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية  Review of Letters and Human Sciences; مجلد 14 عدد 1 (2021); 81-98</text>
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                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No. 1 (2021); 81-98</text>
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                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No 1 (2021); 81-98</text>
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                <text>10.59791/rlhs.v14i1</text>
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                <text>Ecocriticism, Ecological awareness, Ghassan Kanfani, Environmental crises</text>
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                <text>صورة اللؤلؤة</text>
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                <text>صورة رمزية</text>
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                <text>صورة مستهدفة</text>
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                <text>Image of Pearl</text>
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                <text>Image of Metaphor</text>
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                <text>Teaching Ecological Awareness Through Literature: A Case Study of Ghassan Kanafani’s Returning to Haifa</text>
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                <text>الأساليب الفنية التصويرية عند عثمان لوصيف "ديوان اللؤلؤة" أنموذجا</text>
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                <text>Graphic artistic methods At Othman Lusif "Diwan Al-Louloua" as a model</text>
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                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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                <text>meij_admin, meij_admin</text>
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                <text>Sameer, Ali Kareem</text>
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                <text>شيادي, نصيرة</text>
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                <text>Being the winner of two Pulitzer Prizes, August Wilson is an African American dramatist who mingles African American culture and heritage in his play “Two Trains Running” that was published in 1990. The play concentrates on the feelings of African American individuals in a time when those people start to stand against the inequality and justice in society. This paper focused on how Wilson separates between the two cultures; Black and White, and the struggle between the two cultures in society. The paper also studied how the character of Hambone suffers until death in order to understand the struggle of his ancestors in the past. The paper proves that Wilson’s play is a bridge between the Civil Rights movement and Black Power through the depiction of tensions between the characters who suffer the trauma of white exploitation and racism. The paper concludes that because of racism black individual should have a double consciousness in order to live peacefully in America.</text>
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                <text>ممّا لا مراء فيه حاجة الإنسان والمجتمعات قديما وحديثا إلى الترجمة؛ ذلك لأنّ الترجمة بين اللغات تمثّل حاجة من الحاجات الأصيلة للبشرية، وترقى في بعض الأحيان إلى درجة الضرورة أو الفريضة الواجبة فهي تمكّن الأفراد والأمم من تخطّي الحواجز اللغوية بسبب اختلاف الألسنة فيقوم كل بدوره الفاعل والمؤثر في النهوض بالحضارة الإنسانية، وقد تتفاوت الشعوب أو الأجيال في نصيب كل منها في هذا الدور فبعضها قد يكون فاعلا وبعضها متفاعلا وبعضها منفعلا، وتبرز حينذاك على الساحة أنواع مختلفة من الترجمات من بينها الترجمة الآلية هذه الأخيرة التي تقف عاجزة في ترجمة النصوص الأدبية ذلك أنّ هذه الأخيرة ذات منظومة معرفيّة تتأسّس على المعرفة، والجانب النفسيّ والعاطفيّ. فكاتب النص الأدبي يعبر عن مشاعره، وما يجول بخاطره، ويكون ذلك واضحاً في نصوصه الأدبية المتنوعة، مثل: القصة، والرواية، والشعر بجميع أشكاله، والخاطرة، والمقال، والمسرحية، والخطب بجميع أنواعها. وبالتالي سنحاول في هذه المقالة الوقوف عند معوقات ترجمة النصوص الأدبية آليا وكذا مزالق الترجمة الآلية التي تنعكس سلبا علة ترجمة النص الأدبي باختلاف أشكاله وأنواعه.</text>
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                <text>There is no doubt that mankind and both old and modern societies’ are inneed of translation, as it is a primitive and necessary needfor crossing linguisticbarriers between societies. All society members and individuals actively take part inrising human civilization. Some peoples or generation might exceed in their roles andothers might be an active part, passive or reactive to these changes. Different types oftranslations thus appear, among which are machine translations. The latter lacksability before literary translations, especially that these types of texts requires acognitive system based on the writer’s knowledge, psychological and emotional side.Literary text authors express their feelings, which is conspicuous in the variousliterary texts, such as: stories, novels, poetry in all its forms, prose, essays, plays, andspeeches of all kinds.Therefore, we will attempt, in this article to address automatic machinetranslation obstacles of literary texts, as well as the difficulties of machine translationnegatively reflect in literary text translation in its various forms and types.</text>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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                <text>http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/337</text>
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                <text>10.56961/mejlls.v1i1.337</text>
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                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/917</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>ara</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66842">
                <text>Manar Elsharq for Studies and Research</text>
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                <text>University of Batna1</text>
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                <text>http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/337/347</text>
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                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/917/749</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66845">
                <text>الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Sami Abed  Hassan</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66847">
                <text>Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; مجلد 1 عدد 1 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies (MEJLLS) ; 6-15</text>
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                <text>Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies (MEJLLS) ; 6-15</text>
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                <text>2959-037X</text>
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                <text>10.56961/mejlls.v1i1</text>
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                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية  Review of Letters and Human Sciences; مجلد 14 عدد 1 (2021); 99-120</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194830">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No. 1 (2021); 99-120</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194831">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No 1 (2021); 99-120</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194832">
                <text>2588-218X</text>
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                <text>2335-1667</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194834">
                <text>10.59791/rlhs.v14i1</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66851">
                <text>August Wilson, African American, Memphis, racism, the Whites.</text>
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                <text>ترجمة أدبية</text>
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                <text>ترجمة آلية</text>
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                <text>“Black or White” : Cultural Separation in August Wilson’s Two Trains Running</text>
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                <text>ترجمة النص الأدبي في ظلّ مزالق الترجمة الآلية</text>
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                <text>Literary Translation under Machine Translation Difficulties</text>
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                <text>فيضالي, عبد العزيز</text>
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                <text>The paper assumes that the character of Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus represents most of the characteristics of the Renaissance. After a short introduction, the paper starts reviewing some features of the Renaissance which are applicable to the character of Doctor Faustus, just like the revolt against religion and medieval standards; then, the researcher shifts to other essential features of Renaissance which are: spirit of adventure, geographical exploration and colonialism. Later, he continues exploring other properties of the Renaissance man which can be applied to the character of Faustus such as the lust for knowledge, the interest of Classic culture and the appearance of the earlier thoughts of nationalism and individualism.</text>
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                <text>يهدف هذا المقال الى طرح إشكالية تقديم الدرس البلاغي انطلاقا من بيداغوجيا المقاربة النصية التي تم اعتمادها كبيداغوجيا لمقاربة النص الأدبي، وتعليمية البلاغة. ولعل الإشكالية المطروحة في هذا الخيار البيداغوجي المستجد في تعليمية اللغة العربية وآدابها ـ وهي انشغال كل الأساتذة في جميع الأطوار والتي ظهرت مع المقاربة بالكفاءات. إذ تم اعتماد المقاربة النصية كمنهج جديد تدرس وفقه النصوص لكل المراحل التعليمية التربوية الجزائرية. وعليه فلإشكال هو: هل تهدف المقاربة النصية إلى استهداف الظاهرة البلاغية وتبيان دورها الذي تؤديه في بناء النص وتفكيكه وفهم مقاصده، أم إلى تعليم المعارف البلاغية انطلاقا من سياقات نصية وهو ما تم اختصاره في مقولة من النص إلى النص؟ وعليه سنعالج مجموعة من المفاهيم:كالمقاربة النصية، والظاهرة البلاغية ودورها في بناء وفهم مقاصد النص، كما سنقدم نقدا لفهم المقاربة النصية في الأوساط التربوية، مع اقتراح إعادة النظر في فهم تطبيق المقاربة النصية كبيداغوجيا لتعليمية النصوص، وتقديم الدرس البلاغي في مرحلة التعليم الثانوي.</text>
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                <text>This article aims to address the problem of presenting the rhetorical lesson on the basis of the pedagogy of the textual approach that was adopted as a pedagogy to approach the literary text, and the teaching of rhetoric. Perhaps the problem raised in this new pedagogical option in the teaching of the Arabic language and its literature - namely, the preoccupation of all teachers in all stages, which appeared with the approach with competencies. The textual approach was adopted as a new curriculum that teaches the jurisprudence of texts for all educational educational stages in Algeria. Therefore, the problem is: Does the textual approach aim at targeting the rhetorical phenomenon and showing its role in constructing the text and deconstructing their intentions, or at teaching rhetorical knowledge from textual contexts, which was summarized in a saying from text to text? Accordingly, we will deal with a set of concepts: such as the textual approach, the rhetorical phenomenon and its role in constructing and understanding the purposes of the text, and we will present a critique of the understanding of the textual approach in educational circles, with a proposal to reconsider the application of the textual approach as a pedagogy for teaching texts, and present the rhetorical lesson in the secondary education stage.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66863">
                <text>Manar Elsharq for Studies and Research</text>
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                <text>University of Batna1</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66866">
                <text>الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Mahmood Faiz  Gaddawi</text>
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                <text>10.59791/rlhs.v14i1</text>
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                <text>Renaissance, Doctor Faustus, Christopher Marlowe, Colonialism, Reformation, Geographical Exploration.</text>
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                <text>المقاربة النصية</text>
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                <text>الدرس البلاغي</text>
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                <text>المقصدية</text>
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                <text>النص</text>
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                <text>التعليم الثانوي.</text>
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                <text>textual approach</text>
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                <text>Rhetorical lesson</text>
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                <text>Intentional</text>
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                <text>secondary education</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Christopher Marlowe’s Faustus as a Supreme Archetype of Renaissance Man</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194872">
                <text>الدرس البلاغي في ضوء المقاربة النصية دراسة تقويمية</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194873">
                <text>(Rhetorical lesson in light of the textual approach An orthodontic study)</text>
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                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194874">
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              <elementText elementTextId="194875">
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                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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                  <text>المقالات</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66877">
                <text>meij_admin, meij_admin</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194877">
                <text>حقاين, جمعة</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66878">
                <text>2023-02-22</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194878">
                <text>2021-07-23</text>
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                <text>This study reviews the development of research on register variation (RV) in the course of the only remaining century to the present, underscoring the impact of corpus investigations on its most noteworthy advances and furthermore on its significant shortcomings and ambiguities. Looking for viable and valuable techniques to break down language registers, in the second piece of the paper, the creators sketch an alternate way to deal with RV which has been utilized in the course of the most recent ten years in language instructing at college level and expert correspondence preparing.</text>
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                <text>&amp;nbsp;إن اللغة في النص لا تكون دائما مرجعيتها الدلالة المعجمية للكلمة أو حتى استخداماتها الشائعة؛ فلغة النص لها مرجعيتها في ذاتها، والكل جزء من معنى النص. فإذا كانت اللغة العادية لغة استهلاكية مهمتها إيصال رسالة أو إبلاغ مضمون، تنقضي زمنيته، بمجرد إبلاغه، فالأمر يختلف في النص الأدبي، والنص الديني خصوصية ضمن هذه الخصوصية الأدبية، فهو زمنية ممتدة في الزمان مما يضمن له ديمومة مستمرة نابعة منه، وعليه فتحليل النص أو قراءته تتركز في معرفة أدبيته، بواسطة العكوف على دراسة عناصره ومكنوناته وعلاقاته اللغوية، فيتجسد حضور اللغة في بنية العلاقات، التي تتخلق بين الدلالات والمدلولات.</text>
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                <text>The language in the text does not always refer to the lexical significance of the word or even its common uses; the language of the text has a reference to itself, and each element is part of the meaning of the text. If the regular language is a widely used language whose mission is to convey a message or a content, that acquires a past tense, as soon as it is conveyed, this is not the case in the literary text, and the religious text, mainly regarding the literary specificity as they are extended in time, thing that guarantees their continuous permanence stemming from them. Therefore the analysis or the reading of the text is based on knowing its literature, by focusing on studying its elements, components, and linguistic relations. Thus the presence of a language is embodied in the structure of relations created between signifiers and signifieds.</text>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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                <text>http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/339</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66882">
                <text>10.56961/mejlls.v1i1.339</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194881">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/926</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>ara</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194884">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/926/754</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66887">
                <text>الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Ahlam Mohsin Maree  Al-Tai</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66889">
                <text>Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; مجلد 1 عدد 1 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies (MEJLLS) ; 26-34</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66891">
                <text>2959-037X</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66892">
                <text>10.56961/mejlls.v1i1</text>
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                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية  Review of Letters and Human Sciences; مجلد 14 عدد 1 (2021); 135-158</text>
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                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No. 1 (2021); 135-158</text>
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                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No 1 (2021); 135-158</text>
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                <text>2588-218X</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194889">
                <text>2335-1667</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194890">
                <text>10.59791/rlhs.v14i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66893">
                <text>Variation of register,  hypothesis, theatrical overview</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194891">
                <text>إعجاز</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194892">
                <text>تأويل</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194893">
                <text>بيان</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194894">
                <text>نقل</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194895">
                <text>عقل</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194896">
                <text>inimitability of the Quran</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194897">
                <text>Interpetation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194898">
                <text>Clarification</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194899">
                <text>Transfer</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194900">
                <text>Reason</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66894">
                <text>A Study of the Variation of Register in Arabic Discourse</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194901">
                <text>سؤال المعنى وإشكالية التلقي في العرف البياني العربي</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194902">
                <text>The question of the meaning and the problem of reception in the Arabic statement Custom</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66896">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="66897">
                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194903">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194904">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194905">
                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="64068">
                  <text>المقالات</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="193501">
                  <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية  Review of Letters and Human Sciences</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66898">
                <text>meij_admin, meij_admin</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="66899">
                <text>Hussein, Kamal Hazim</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194906">
                <text>أبو شهاب, رامي</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66900">
                <text>2023-07-26</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194907">
                <text>2021-07-23</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66901">
                <text>This study explores the use of indirectness in female conversations, specifically examining the differences in indirectness when interacting with females and males. The hypothesis posits that females employ indirectness differently based on the gender of their interlocutors and that politeness serves as the main motivation for using indirect communication. The research aims to investigate the patterns of indirectness in informal everyday conversations. Data were collected from Mosuli Arabic participants, aged 30-50, with similar social backgrounds but varying educational levels. The study adopts Holtgraves' speech act theory (2002) and Grice's cooperative principle (1975) as the theoretical framework for data analysis. The analysis focuses on 12 selected extracts from smartphone recordings of family, friends, and relative gatherings. Findings reveal that females employ indirectness in distinct ways when interacting with females and males. Politeness, particularly positive politeness, emerges as a primary motivation for using indirect communication in both contexts. In female-female interactions, the nature of the relationship between interlocutors plays a significant role, leading to indirectness being used for intensity, politeness, or even shaming. Cultural factors influence the occurrence of impolite and shaming messages among Arab females. Findings also reveal that in interactions with males, politeness remains prominent, but indirectness is also employed for criticism and defending others. The use of indirectness with males appears to be less influenced by the relationship or age between interlocutors. These findings highlight the complex nature of indirect communication, which is influenced by factors like politeness, dynamics within relationships, and cultural influences.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194908">
                <text>ينهضُ هذا البحثُ على فَرضيّة قَوامها فاعلية التّداخل في المُمارسة الثّقافية بوصفها نشاطاً عابراً للاتجاهاتِ النقديّة أو الحقول المعرفية، وذلك في سبيل تحليل الظّاهرة الثّقافية وتمظهراتها في النّصوص أو غيرها من النّتاجات الإبداعيّة. ومن أجل تقديم تصوّرٍ منهجيّ ننطلقُ من قراءةٍ في التّكوين المعرفيّ للدّراسة الثّقافية في المرجعيّة الغربيّة، ولاسيّما لدى بعضِ أشهر أعلامها، ومدارسها، غير أن هذا يأتي بموازاة رصد المقاربة النقدية العربية حيث نختبرُ نماذجَ من المُمارسات النقديّة العربيّة لدى عددٍ من النّقاد العرب، وبخاصة من حيث تمثّل المفهوم والمُقاربة النقديّة مع التركيز على التّداخل المفاهيمي والإجرائي القائم على مبدأ عمل النقد الثّقافي أو الدّراسات الثّقافية التي تسعى إلى التّخفف من المُقاربة أو المنظور الواحد في تحليل الظاهرة الثّقافية، وبذلكَ نخلصُ إلى أن عملية نفي الحدود الصّارمة جاء استجابة للتّشكيل الثّقافي الجديد الّذي يتسع لأيّ نتاجٍ إنساني.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194909">
                <text>This research is based on a hypothesis regarding the effectiveness of overlap in cultural practice as an integration activity in critical trends, and cognitive fields. Thus, aiming to investigate the cultural phenomenon and its manifestations in texts, in addition to other creative products emphasizing the systematic approach. The foundation of this research is based on reading in the cognitive component of the cultural study in Western reference’s, more explicitly amongst some of its most famous schoolers. The applied section includes the testing of examples in Arab critical practices amongst numerous critics, mainly in terms of representing the concept and critical approach through Practical models. Examining conceptual and procedural interference based on the principle of cultural criticism or cultural studies that seek to mitigate the approach or perspective in analysing the cultural phenomenon. Finally concluding the process of negating the strict limits in response to the new cultural formation that accommodates any human product.</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66902">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66903">
                <text>http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/424</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="66904">
                <text>10.56961/mejlls.v1i2.424</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194910">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/938</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66905">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194911">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66906">
                <text>Manar Elsharq for Studies and Research</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194912">
                <text>University of Batna1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66907">
                <text>http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/424/424</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194913">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/938/766</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66908">
                <text>الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Safa Ayham  Abdulqader, Kamal Hazim  Hussein</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66909">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66910">
                <text>Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; مجلد 1 عدد 2 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 1-10</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="66911">
                <text>Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 1-10</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="66912">
                <text>2959-037X</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="66913">
                <text>10.56961/mejlls.v1i2</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194914">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية  Review of Letters and Human Sciences; مجلد 14 عدد 1 (2021); 159-196</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194915">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No. 1 (2021); 159-196</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194916">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No 1 (2021); 159-196</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194917">
                <text>2588-218X</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194918">
                <text>2335-1667</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194919">
                <text>10.59791/rlhs.v14i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66914">
                <text>Indirectness, Gender, cultural influence.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194920">
                <text>النقد الثقافي</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194921">
                <text>الدراسات الثقافية</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194922">
                <text>النقد العربي</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194923">
                <text>النقد الغربي</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194924">
                <text>الأنساق</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194925">
                <text>التمثيل</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194926">
                <text>Cultural Criticism</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194927">
                <text>Cultural Studies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194928">
                <text>Arabic Criticism</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194929">
                <text>Western Criticism</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194930">
                <text>Formats</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194931">
                <text>Representation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66915">
                <text>Indirectness in Female Conversations: Exploring Differences in Interactions with Females and Males in Mosuli Arabic Conversations</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194932">
                <text>النّقد الثّقافي: المفهوم والتمثّل ...مقاربة في النقد العربي</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194933">
                <text>Cultural criticism: concept and representation ... an approach to Arab criticism</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66916">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="66917">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="66918">
                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194934">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194935">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194936">
                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  <item itemId="2770" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="32">
      <elementSetContainer>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="64068">
                  <text>المقالات</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="193501">
                  <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية  Review of Letters and Human Sciences</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66919">
                <text>Sultana, Athiya</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="66920">
                <text>meij_admin, meij_admin</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194937">
                <text>زيد الخير, نادية</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66921">
                <text>2023-07-26</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194938">
                <text>2021-07-23</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66922">
                <text>The present paper throws light on woman’s journey from self-effacement to self-actualization in Manju Kapur’s second novel A Married Woman. Manju Kapur is one of the modern woman novelist like Arundhati Roy, Shashi Deshpande, Shobha De, Kamala Markhandaya, Anita Desai and so on open the way for woman’s feelings in the traditional society of this world, where they raised voices against the male-domination in their works. The novels of these authors have mirrored the female in Indian and Western set up entangled in different circumstances.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194939">
                <text>إنّ قضية تعدّد المصطلح اللساني عموما والصوتي منه على وجه الخصوص في الدراسات اللغوية العربية، أضحت إحدى الإشكاليات التي يعاني منها الباحث العربي، حيث أصبح يتردّد بين هذا وذاك أثناء توظيفه المصطلح. فتارة تجده يستخدم مصطلح(فوناتيك) تعريبا للمصطلح الأجنبي(phonetique)، وتارة أخرى يعبّر عنه بمصطلح "الصوتيات"، أو "علم الأصوات"... وكذلك الأمر نفسه بالنسبة لمصطلح "الفونيم" المعرب للمصطلح الأجنبي(phonème)، الذي تعدّد استعماله لدى الباحثين العرب كل حسب توجهه الفكري والمدرسة التي ينتمي إليها. فمنهم من أبقى مصطلح (phonème) وعرّبه إلى "فونيم"، ومنهم من اصطلح عليه "الصوتيم"، أو "الصوتم"، أو "الصوتمية"، أو "الصوت". وأمام هذا التعدّد والتضارب في استخدام المصطلح الصوتي الذي يعزى إما إلى تعدّد الجهات الواضعة له وعدم الاتفاق على مقاييس وأسس وضعه، وإما إلى الترجمة، وإما إلى إشكالية الفردية في صك المصطلح وابتكاره؛ بات هذا الميدان اللغوي يفتقر إلى تثبيت المصطلح وضبط مفهوماته. وفي ظلّ هذه التعددية للمصطلح الصوتي في اللغة العربية، نحاول في مداخلتنا هذه أن نسبر إشكالية تعدّده، والبحث عن الحلول المناسبة للحدّ من هذه الفوضى وهذا الخلط في توظيف المصطلح الصوتي، وذلك من خلال الإجابة عن الإشكاليات الآتية: ما هي إشكالية تعدّد المصطلح الصوتي في اللغة العربية؟ وهل إشكالية هذا التعدّد في المؤلفات العربية هي نتاج التطور البحثي والتكنولوجي السريع أم هي نابعة من اللغة ذاتها؟ وما هي أهم وأبرز الآليات والاستراتيجيات الفعالة اللازمة لصك المصطلح وإقرار استعماله؟ وما هو دور المجامع اللغوية ومكتب تنسيق التعريب في تقييس ووضع المصطلحات والتأسيس لمفاهيمها؟ وإلى أي مدى تعتبر بنوك التنميط ذات فاعلية في الحدّ من فوضى المصطلح؟</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194940">
                <text>The issue of the diversity in the use of terminology in general and the phonetic use in particular seems to be one of the dilemma the Arab researcher is suffering from. Sometimes, researchers use the term "Phonetics "with the same foreign pronunciation and without any translation, but other times, the word is given an Arabic translation "the science of sounds ". The same is for the term "phoneme "which is used as it is with the foreign pronunciation and sometimes it is given an Arabic translation "sound". The diversity in terminology might be due to the different orientations of schools, the development in technology, and may be the individual creation. This problem results in no grounded, confirmed terminology. In this realm, we would like to try to capture the problem and find possible solutions to it; therefore, limiting and fighting this chaos in the use of terminology. For this, we want to try to answer the following questions: 1. What is the issue of diversity in terminology? 2. Does the richness in terminology reflects development of technology or the language itself? 3. What are the different procedures that should be taken to create a term and pass it to the use? 4. What is the role of the language committee in this issue? 5. To what extent is the bank of terminology able to stop this chaos in language?
&amp;nbsp;</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66923">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66929">
                <text>الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Akram Mohammed Ali  Alquzahy</text>
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                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No 1 (2021); 197-226</text>
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                <text>2588-218X</text>
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                <text>2335-1667</text>
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                <text>10.59791/rlhs.v14i1</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66935">
                <text>stereotype,   representation,  sexualization,  male gaze, exploitation.</text>
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                <text>المصطلح الصوتي</text>
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                <text>اللساني</text>
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                <text>اللغة العربية</text>
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                <text>فوناتيك</text>
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                <text>فونيم</text>
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                <text>تعدد المصطلح</text>
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                <text>Phonetic term</text>
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                <text>linguistic</text>
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                <text>Arabic language</text>
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                <text>phonetics</text>
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                <text>phoneme</text>
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                <text>diversity of terminology</text>
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                <text>translation</text>
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                <text>Redefining a Woman’s Journey from Self-Effacement to Self-Actualization in Manju Kapur’s Novel A Married Woman</text>
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                <text>إشكالية تعدّد المصطلح الصّوتي في اللّغة العربيّة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194965">
                <text>The problem of multiple phonetic terminology in the Arabic language</text>
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                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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                  <text>المقالات</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="193501">
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                <text>meij_admin, meij_admin</text>
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                <text>حيتة , زهية</text>
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                <text>بن إبراهيم, السعيد</text>
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                <text>Racism is a dominant them in the African American literature. Many writers and authors attempted to focus on this theme in their works. August Wilson, as a an American author and citizen, display the effect of this dangerous societal blight on the norms and cultural issues of the American society in general and African American in particular. His plays Fences, Two Trains Running and Piano Lesson treated this theme by offering some solutions for such problem. The paper displays the root of racism in the American society and define racism according to the norms and culture of the American. The paper also finds that Wilson traced the appearances of racism in the American society after the great migration and how the migration of the Black from the south to the North motivated the rise of racism in the American society.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194972">
                <text>يسعى البحث إلى الحديث عن كتاب اللغة العربية في ظل إصلاحات مناهج الجيل الثاني، وقد كان كتاب اللغة العربية السنة الرابعة من التعليم الابتدائي نموذجا للدراسة، ولتحديد وضبط الورقة البحثية تناولنا أهم العناصر والجوانب التي تربط الكتاب بالمنهاج، وفي نفس الوقت هي بحاجة إلى إعادة النظر، وعليه كانت دراستنا وصفية تقويمية، حاولنا فيها الإجابة على الإشكالية: ما مدى نجاعة الكتاب المدرسي في ظل مناهج الجيل الثاني؟ وهل تميز الكتاب المدرسي في هذا المنهاج بخلوه من النقائص والأخطاء؟ وقد توصلنا إلى تحديد مجموعة من الأخطاء والنقائص منها ما تعلق بالمستوى اللغوي في الجانب الشكلي أو المنهجي للكتاب، أما من حيث المضمون فتضمن الكتاب جملة من القيم الهوياتية التي تساعد على إثراء المعجم اللغوي للمتعلم وتعزيز الانتماء للوطن كما ورد في المنهاج، ولكن هناك تغييب لبعض القيم الهامة في بناء الهوية، وفي حياة المتعلم.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194973">
                <text>The resarch seeks to talk about the Arabic language textbook in light of the second generation curriculum reforms. The Arabic language book for the fourth year of primary education was a model for study. In order to define and control the resarch paper, we dealt with the most important elements and aspects that relate the book to the curriculum. At the sam time, it needs to be reviewed. Accordingly, our study was descriptive and evaluative. We tried to answer the question How effective is the textbook in the light of the second generation curricula ? does the textbook serve in this curriculum since it is free from deficiencies and errors? And we have identified a set of errors and shortcomings. Some of them are related to the linguistic level in formal or in the formal or in the methodological side of the book. In terms of content, the book in cluded a set of identity values that help the linguistic background of the learner and enhanc belonging to the homeland as stated in the curriculum. However, there is an absence of some important values in the building of identity and in the life of the lerner.</text>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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                <text>http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/426</text>
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                <text>10.56961/mejlls.v1i2.426</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194974">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1273</text>
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                <text>ara</text>
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                <text>Manar Elsharq for Studies and Research</text>
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                <text>University of Batna1</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66948">
                <text>http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/426/429</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194977">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/rlhs/article/view/1273/1045</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="66949">
                <text>الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Sami Abed  Hasan</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66951">
                <text>Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; مجلد 1 عدد 2 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 14-26</text>
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                <text>Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 14-26</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66953">
                <text>2959-037X</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66954">
                <text>10.56961/mejlls.v1i2</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194978">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية  Review of Letters and Human Sciences; مجلد 14 عدد 2 (2021); 19-36</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194979">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021); 19-36</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194980">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية; Vol. 14 No 2 (2021); 19-36</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194981">
                <text>2588-218X</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194982">
                <text>2335-1667</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194983">
                <text>10.59791/rlhs.v14i2</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>August Wilson, African Americans, Prejudice, Racism, Two Trains Running</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194984">
                <text>منهاج</text>
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                <text>الجيل الثاني</text>
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                <text>كتاب</text>
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                <text>second generation</text>
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                <text>Book</text>
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                <text>lerner</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Racism in August Wilson’s Selected Plays: A Historical Background</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194994">
                <text>كتاب اللغة العربية في ظل إصلاحات الجيل الثاني "السنة الرابعة ابتدائي أنموذجا"</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194995">
                <text>"Arabic language book in light of the second generation reforms "fourth year of primary school as a model</text>
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                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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                  <text>المقالات</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="193501">
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66960">
                <text>meij_admin, meij_admin</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66961">
                <text>Ali , Elhaj Adam</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194999">
                <text>بوذيبة, لندة</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66962">
                <text>2023-07-26</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="195000">
                <text>2021-12-27</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66963">
                <text>This study looks at some of the novels by Khalid Hosseini, an American writer of Afghan descent. Khalid Hosseini's novels chiefly, “A Thousand Splendid Suns, And The Mountains Echoed, and The Kite Runner” were a huge success, becoming international best-sellers. What distinguishes these novels is that their main ideas address some of the challenges and difficulties that Afghan women face in a patriarchal society. Women face severe dilemmas and trials as a result of exclusion, inequality, violence, discrimination, and a negative perception of women. The study will also look at Spivak's concept of subalternity and how it has come to be associated with women in societies where there is no true equality among its members. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that in societies experiencing violent and persistent internal conflicts and challenges, women are always the main victims and the biggest losers.</text>
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                <text>لم يحظ نص شعري أو نثري في تاريخ الأدب العربي على مر عصوره الممتدة من العهد الجاهلي، وحتى العصر الحديث بالاهتمام على جميع المستويات: الرسمي، والشعبي، والأكاديمي، بمثل ما حضيت به بردة الإمام البوصيري، حيث بها تغنى المنشدون، وعارضها الشعراء، وتفنن في شرحها الكتاب، وتبارى الخطاطون في كتابتها بجميع الخطوط، والطلاب والباحثون تسابقوا لدراستها، وكذا لم تسلم من نقد النقاد، ولكنها ما زالت بسحرها تستولي على القلوب . وبتطور الحركة الشعرية في القرن العشرين، أصبح مديح النبي وآل البيت بابا يطرقه الشعراء في مناسبات معينة، وشعر شوقي – بنهج البردة- يدخل في هذا الإطار من ناحية إحياء القديم مع الحرص على الجمالية والإبداعية الشعرية.</text>
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                <text>Did not stand a poetic text or prose in the history of Arabic literature over days through stretching from the pre-Islamic era, and to the modern era of attention at all levels: the official and popular, and academia, such as the benediction by impermeable Imam Busayri, where her singing minstrels, and opposed poets, and sophisticated explained in the book, and competed calligraphers in writing all the lines, and students and researchers raced to study them, and as well as not spared criticism from critics, but it still charm seizes the hearts. And the evolution of poetic movement in the twentieth century, the praise of the Prophet and al-Bayt became Pope poets knock him on certain occasions, and Shawki hair enters in this context, in terms of reviving the old with emphasis on aesthetic and creative poetry.</text>
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                <text>http://meijournals.com/ara/index.php/mejlls/article/view/427</text>
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                <text>الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Qusay Khalaf  Hussein, Elhaj Adam  Ali</text>
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                <text>Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; مجلد 1 عدد 2 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 27-31</text>
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                <text>Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies ; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Manar Elsharq Journal for Literature and Language Studies; 27-31</text>
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                <text>10.56961/mejlls.v1i2</text>
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                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية  Review of Letters and Human Sciences; مجلد 14 عدد 2 (2021); 37-54</text>
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                <text>10.59791/rlhs.v14i2</text>
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                <text>Subalternity, Patriarchy, Gender Discrimination, Hosseini</text>
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                <text>البردة</text>
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                <text>معارضة</text>
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                <text>أحمد شوقي</text>
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                <text>Women’s Shared Traumas in Khalid Khalid Hosseini’s Selected Novels: A Thousand Splendid Suns, the Mountains Echoed, and The Kite Runner</text>
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                <text>A reading of Ahmed Shawqi's opposition to the Burda approach, an introduction to Al-Naseeb and the experience of the graphic visualizer as a model</text>
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                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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