84 10 8556 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gaidi, Karima Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-12-31 Description An account of the resource Playful Activities as Tools Promoting Language Learning Competence: Case of 5th primary school pupils The teaching of the French language is regressing more in Algeria and it is an observation that has sufficiently motivated us to approach this subject, with a view precisely to leading to the diagnostic explanation of an aspect of the didactic situation of French in Algeria. We have estimated, following the reading of many research works which encourage the teaching of poetry from an early age that, through poetry, the child simultaneously learns phonetic competence, enriches his lexicon and learns the initiation where the child appreciates stylistic beauty in rhyme and syllabization…etc. In the perspective of proposing an element of response for the didactization of the oral skill, using playful activities such as the poem and the nursery rhyme, we plan to carry out or exploit different supports: a field survey, recitation , public speaking with the aim of constituting an authentic corpus and subsequently identifying qualifying results, which will serve in a global and conclusive sequence as an element of direct intervention in the change-remediation of the problematic situation of French in Algeria. To this end, several questions are imposed on us as an observer and future researcher, which requires, first of all, a rigorous and scientific analysis of the reality of the teaching / learning of French: why the teaching / learning declines further in Algeria? How can poems and nursery rhymes develop and promote the learning of French in an optimal way and improve the competence in terms of oral expression in the Algerian pupil? Such an approach requires a descriptive approach, pinpointing the nature of the disability phonetically and phonetically. In a global sequence, we try to identify a typology of language defects identified from our research in order to propose an operational didactic tool to constitute an answer to our problem. In this article, we are analyzing firstly the playful aspect in schools, then the interest behind it in Teaching and finally the learning of French as a foreign language. The first objective of this aspect is to facilitate access to Foreign Languages, because it has a positive part in the life of the child and plays a primary and crucial role in the linguistic development through the diversity of forms such as: nurseries rhyme, poems, songs and games...etc. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/719 10.52919/translang.v15i1.719 Language A language of the resource fra Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/719/597 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 15 No 1 (2016): Traduction et Langues Volume: 15 Numéro: 01 / Août 2016; 166-180 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v15i1 Subject The topic of the resource Peoms-songs motivation learning teaching oral skills foreign language acquisition-linguistic competence Poems-Songs Motivation Learning Teaching oral skills Foreign language Acquisition – linguistic comeptence Title A name given to the resource Les Activités Ludiques comme Outils favorisant l’Apprentissage de la Compétence Langagière : cas des élèves de 5ème AP Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Traduction et Langues Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Văsioiu, Valentina-Nicoleta Milcu, Marilena Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023-06-30 Description An account of the resource The Role of Transdisciplinary Vocabulary in Technical Terminology Formation: The case of the plastic industry Our article focuses on the technical terminology formation, more exactly on the formation of plastic terminology and on the role given to transdisciplinary lexicon. In order to offer a global perspective on the plastic terminology, firstly, we have relied on a variety of classifications regarding the technical terms and terminological units, and on examples extracted from documents used in professional environments such as factories, associations etc. The technical terms specific for the plastic industry were classified as follows: operations, products, machines, and materials. We can state that, after examining the contexts and the terminological units used in the technical discourse, the plastic terminology represents a complex terminology and that various fields have influenced it, among them we mention: chemistry, physics, mechanics, informatics, electronics, production management, metallurgy etc. All these disciplines have played an essential part in the formation of the plastic lexicon. The linguistic investigations will enable us to obtain various results regarding the distribution of these terms and terminological units per domain. The results obtained through the intermediary of statistical measures realised with the help of Sketch Engine, a software specialised in automatic extraction of terminology, provides us the opportunity to offer a detailed description of the plastic terminology and essential information concerning the transdisciplinary vocabulary. The investigations carried out and the manual selection helped us present a classification for the transdisciplinary vocabulary and a comparison with the disciplinary vocabulary in order to emphasize the role played by this type of lexicon. Consequently, we will be able to establish the connections between transdisciplinary vocabulary and the formation of plastic terminology. Our research encompasses the idea that we cannot identify equality between the disciplinary vocabulary and the transdisciplinary vocabulary, and we go even further, and we state that the last one occupies a predominant position, being also caracterised by diversity. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/929 10.52919/translang.v22i1.929 Language A language of the resource fra Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/929/783 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 22 No 1 (2023): Traduction et Langues Volume : 22 Numéro : 01 / June 2023; 55-79 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v22i1 Subject The topic of the resource Plastic terminology Technical term Highly technical term Terminology core Terminological unit Plastic terminlogy Technical term Highly technical term Terminology core Terminological unit Title A name given to the resource Le rôle du lexique transdisciplinaire dans la constitution des terminologies techniques : le cas de l’industrie de la plasturgie Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hafir, Kahina Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-12-31 Description An account of the resource The current research paper aims at shedding light on self-translation within the Arabic contemporary context, hence delving into a valuable research on the subject which is still not often tackled. This paper provides insight into the self-translation practice of Arab authors who have resorted to such atypical activity. The Algerian context will be given particular importance in order to define the circumstances and reasons that motivated some contemporary Algerian authors to translate their own writings and to embark on this highly challenging endeavor. Thus, our study will put the spotlight on the definition of the concept of self-translation, a brief overview of Arabic literature devoted to it, plus a typology of self-translation and the motives that invigorated this practice. We will then try - through the examination of some Arab self-translation experiences - to identify the characteristics of this practice within the Arab context, and thereby understand the points of divergence that distinguish the Algerian experience from that of other Arab authors, as well as the points of convergence on which these different practices come together. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/718 10.52919/translang.v15i1.718 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/718/595 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 15 No 1 (2016): Traduction et Langues Volume: 15 Numéro: 01 / Août 2016; 263-273 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v15i1 Subject The topic of the resource Translation studies literary self-translation author-translator contemporary Algerian literature postcolonialism Arab writers Title A name given to the resource Panorama of Self-Translation in The Arabic Literary Landscape Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Traduction et Langues Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Djihed, Charef Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023-06-30 Description An account of the resource Writing as a Metaphor for Translation in the Algerian Literary Field This article seeks to explore the translation paradigm in the production of Algerian novels. It is not about considering translation from the usual and traditional categories that tend to approach it from the perspective of a dichotomous relationship between " source language" and "target language". In the context of Maghrebian and, in particular, Algerian literary creation, the act of translation does not relate to issues of comparison between the original and its translation(s). Instead, this paper will attempt to account for “writing” as a translation that does not have an original work as a reference. We, therefore, intend to present some of Mohammed Dib's most interesting texts in the contemporary Algerian literary field to better understand this phenomenon. We will particularly insist on ‘Neiges de Marbre’ and ‘L'Arbres à Dires’. Based on the premise that the theories of reception mainly focus on the modalities of reading, setting aside the implication of a translation process, and that, on the other hand, the theories of translation give very little interest to the creative aspect of translation, it seems important to us to dig into / go through / contrast and correlate/ throw light on the different approaches and perspectives, to reach a better understanding of the specific role of translation in the creation and reading of the Maghrebian text and, above all, of its importance in the redefinition of the poetics, symbolic and ideological aspects of the text. This being so, one cannot forget - let alone minimize - the anthropo-historical and poetic depth of the Algerian (and more generally Maghrebian) literary adventure. In fact, as previously mentioned, the crossbreeding of languages and imaginaries is a process that goes back very deep into the collective history of North African communities. Given this essential dimension, it can be said that Algerian literatures illustrate, in a particularly original way, a set of phenomena common to all artistic creation, whatever the cultural area or epoch. In a way or another, for the writer, it has always been about creating a new language (one’s “own language”) from and within the one(s) in which he/she has been shaped since childhood. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/928 10.52919/translang.v22i1.928 Language A language of the resource fra Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/928/782 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 22 No 1 (2023): Traduction et Langues Volume : 22 Numéro : 01 / June 2023; 40-54 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v22i1 Subject The topic of the resource Algerian literature Crossbreeding Heterolinguism Translation Transtextuality Algerian literature Crossbreeding Heterolinguism Translation Transtextuality Title A name given to the resource L’écriture comme métaphore de la traduction dans le champ littéraire algérien Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mokadem, Fatima Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-12-31 Description An account of the resource Multilingualism in Deutschlessons:The case of multilingual language and text work in the linguistic in Masters 1 and 2 units at the Univ-Oran The fact that Algerians grow up multilingual and also acquire other languages simultaneously, successively or in a controlled manner in preschool, elementary school, middle school and high school summarizes the entire linguistic situation in Algeria as well as reality of the Algerian educational system. We would like to show in this paper how this multilingual competence is used in the Deutsch as a foreign language classes among students with advanced levels (Master 1 and 2) through texts analysis in Algerian Arabic, Standard Arabic, Berber, French, English and Deutsch to impart knowledge in the areas of stylistics, discourse analysis and cultural semiotics, and also to analyze and discuss examples from our seminars. We are at some conclusions through this research, specifically that the teacher must react very flexibly to the respective classroom or extra-curricular situation, pay attention to the aspect of Deutsch as a foreign language when teaching technical or linguistic content, carefully select the topics and documents and provide appropriate measures and aids to facilitate language acquisition. As part of the training of our master's students at University of Oran2, research projects are focused on "stylistic analysis of texts in Standard Arabic, Deutsch, French, Berber and Algerian Arabic, discourse analysis, intercultural dimensions of learning in Algeria as well as specialist teaching. This variability allows students to try out the knowledge they have acquired during their training in practice and build up appropriate skills that help them to successfully plan, implement and evaluate flexible bilingual or plurilingual work in Deutsch classes. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/717 10.52919/translang.v15i1.717 Language A language of the resource deu Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/717/596 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 15 No 1 (2016): Traduction et Langues Volume: 15 Numéro: 01 / Août 2016; 181-187 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v15i1 Subject The topic of the resource Multilingualism foreign language Deutsch acquisition multilingual text work didactic and methodical competence Stylistics discourse analysis Multilingualism foreign language Deutsch acquisition multingual text work didactic and methodical competence stylistics discourse analysis Title A name given to the resource Die Mehrsprachigkeit im DaF-Unterricht Am Beispiel von multilingualer Sprach- und Textarbeit in den sprachwissenschaftlichen Modulen im Master 1 und 2 an der Univ-Oran Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Traduction et Langues Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Spadaro, Enrico Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023-06-30 Description An account of the resource Listen to those silences: translating, communicating and reflecting Entendez-vous dans les montagnes…by Maïssa Bey, in Italian and English Maïssa Bey is a French-speaking Algerian writer whose first works were published in the 1990s, during the "black decade" of the civil war that ravaged Algeria. Algerian people, especially women, of whom the author is an integral part, are the protagonists of her stories and novels that aim to break the silences and censorship, to explore the small stories hidden behind the big story. This article aims to analyse the Italian and English translations of Entendez-vous dans les montagnes..., a novel published in France in 2002 and in Algeria in 2007. The Italian translation, published by Astarte in 2020, is by Barbara Sommovigo, who had already translated Bey’s Puisque mon coeur est mort in 2013, initiating an almost paradigmatic author-translator relationship that allows for an effective approach to a short but complex text like Entendez- vous dans les montagnes... The English translation is by the American Erin Lamm, and is the result of her doctoral thesis, with a clearly more academic intention than the Italian text, whose publishing house Astarte aims to communicate voices from the shores of the Mediterranean. In fact, Bey's work travels between two languages and therefore between two cultures, the French and the Algerian, which intersect in the pages of the story like the lives of the three protagonists. An Algerian woman, an elderly Frenchman and Marie, a young blond woman, meet in the same compartment of a train to evoke memories and thoughts, which lead them to the past and recent history of Algeria, through painful pages among which is evoked the loss of the author's father, killed in 1957 by French soldiers. It is a difficult task for the translators to render this multiplicity of themes and languages from the title: for a French-speaking reader, there is a strong reference to both a line from the Marseillaise and an Algerian patriotic song (Min Djibalina). The Italian title is therefore changed to Dietro quei silenzi…, while the English title is purely literal, Do You Hear in the Mountains... This is just one of the translation choices that will be analysed in this paper, in which the comparison between the strategies and techniques used in the two translation works will be constant, creating a perpetual dialogue with the original text, in the image of the friendship that now exists between the author Maïssa Bey and the two translators. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/927 10.52919/translang.v22i1.927 Language A language of the resource fra Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/927/781 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 22 No 1 (2023): Traduction et Langues Volume : 22 Numéro : 01 / June 2023; 16-39 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v22i1 Subject The topic of the resource Algeria Adaptation Bey Culture Translation Translation studies Algeria Adaptation Bey Culture Translation Translation studies Title A name given to the resource Entendre ces silences : traduire, transmettre et refléter Entendez-vous dans les montagnes… de Maïssa Bey, en italien et en anglais Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Talbi, Frioui Farida Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-12-31 Description An account of the resource Does the School Textbook still have its Place in the Teaching/Learning of French as a Foreign Language? A State of Affairs The textbook is a didactic tool of great importance. Its role is decisive in the learning of French as a foreign language and allows, if it is well used, to effectively take charge of verbal memory and semantic memory, two important parameters for harmonious learning. Verbal and semantic memory: it is this type of memory that the teaching of language acquisition makes use of. In fact, the reader or the interlocutor reminds a given number of words. This verbal capacity permits the learners to utter a discourse the way it takes place in class. According to psycholinguists who are unanimous about the subject, memorizing takes place on a semantic and non-linguistics basis. In classroom environment, memorizing is based on linguistic grounds “the text can only have meaning if it integrates itself after selection, filtering and in the pre-existing structure of the subject. This research showed that the methodological situation attributed to the French language in schools is somewhat paradoxical, as textbooks revealed it. The second generation textbooks promise to present an originality that would make them seem like the product of a new and national pedagogy.If the development of the program and the writing of the textbook do not take into account everything that motivates the pupil, if the content is not varied, diversified according to the needs of the pupils and their cognitive abilities, the teacher must remedy this situation and overcome all these obstacles which constitute the failure of the teaching / learning process. However, it is undeniable that the role of the teacher of French is difficult because he must at the same time teach the language (object) and the means of communicating this object). Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/716 10.52919/translang.v15i1.716 Language A language of the resource fra Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/716/594 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 15 No 1 (2016): Traduction et Langues Volume: 15 Numéro: 01 / Août 2016; 160-165 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v15i1 Subject The topic of the resource Textbook memorisation cognitive structure text Textbook memorisation cognitive structure text Title A name given to the resource Le Manuel Scolaire a-t-il encore sa Place dans l’Enseignement/Apprentissage du FLE ? État des Lieux Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Traduction et Langues Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Douar , Aicha Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022-12-31 Description An account of the resource The international commercial terms are officially known as Incoterms. These trade rules, established by ICC (the International Chamber of Commerce) are written and pronounced in English. Mastering their use is necessary to circumvent any confusion in the meaning, and to avoid any misunderstanding between the contracting parties. These incoterms are universally agreed upon, except for the United States where a difference in their meaning is noticed, mainly the incoterm FOB (Free on Board). Although they are mandated as multinational business terms, they do not regulate the transfer of ownership of the merchandise nor the sale price. Despite the difference in their meanings, it should be noted that they constitute broad lines for commercial exchanges between countries. Some of their advantages are: The distribution of costs related to export and import, the distribution of documents between the seller and the buyer, and the conditions for the delivery of goods. They are stated to enable trading partners to reach markets throughout the world. To apply incoterms for overseas shipment, maritime transport companies need to make sure that their staff understand them clearly to avoid any costly mistakes in the process of transactions. Collaboration with educational institutions and training courses are required. Both current and future Algerian professionals in the field need to be assisted on how to use incoterms. This research paper deals with the use of shipping incoterms when training the students, who are specialized in maritime trade, for a future profession as a maritime leader or dealer. As the incoterms are basically written and pronounced in English, the use of a translating method, that allows them to identify and understand the meaning of linguistic terms, is required. Bearing in mind the fact that artificial intelligence covers a wide range of outputs nowadays, it has been necessary to ask the following question: Could the T M (translation machine) provide the students a faithful translation of incoterms? In an attempt to answer this question, the following hypotheses were formulated: Teaching EOP (English for occupational purposes) in the Algerian maritime sector focuses on translating the international commercial terms. Machine translation provides a faithful meaning of words and sentences. As the software performs translation for a specific language or domain, it produces a high-quality output. To check these hypotheses, it is essential to go through the MT translation method for it is mostly used by the learners as it is free from any charges. The MT (Machine Translation) method is what a computer program produces. To fulfil a translation, the text is simply entered or pasted in and the languages are selected. Google Translation is a well-known example of this type of translation. The use of this software enables the students to substitute mechanically and quickly words from one language to another. It exempts them from any human linguistic intervention. Though it provides free and instant translations, it produces incoherent wording. The present study reveals that different electronic sites do not give the same translation for the incoterm FOB. One way of evaluating the quality of machine translation is when the human translator reviews the output to ensure that it is linguistically correct. This review is referred to as the post-editing machine translation. When adopting this method, a good quality of translation is achieved; grammatical errors are fixed, unclear and confusing wording and mistranslations are cleared up. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/916 10.52919/translang.v21i2.916 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/916/771 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 21 No 2 (2022): Traduction et Langues Volume : 21 Numéro : 02 / Decembre 2022; 230-247 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v21i2 Subject The topic of the resource Algeria EOP Incoterms Title A name given to the resource Issues and Perspectives on The Electronic Translation of Shipping Incoterms: FOB as a case study Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ghlamallah, Nahed Rajaa Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-08-31 Description An account of the resource This paper deals with the reasons behind Crosslinguistic Influence (CLI) during the acquisition of an L2, namely English. Based on theoretical concepts and empirical data, this work briefly (a) reviews what is currently known about CLI and (b) outlines some of the factors triggering such a phenomenon. While some scholars explain CLI according to internal (linguistic/cognitive) factors, others consider external (cultural/environmental) aspects as a real insight into Second Language Acquisition. This analysis aims at (a) comprehending CLI during English language acquisition, (b) understanding Algerian learners of English by investigating a process they go through and (c) delimiting the causes of CLI. The latter is investigated from different perspectives in order to target what may enhance or delay some linguistic deviations in English production and comprehension. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/715 10.52919/translang.v15i1.715 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/715/593 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 15 No 1 (2016): Traduction et Langues Volume: 15 Numéro: 01 / Août 2016; 201-214 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v15i1 Subject The topic of the resource Crosslinguistic Influence English transfer Second Language Acquisition Title A name given to the resource Crosslinguistic Influence during Second Language Acquisition: The Reasons behind Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Traduction et Langues Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mazouz , Soumaya Kadri , Abdeldjalil Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022-12-31 Description An account of the resource In the modern world, Globalization, Colonialism, Technology, Politics and Economy have changed many cultural identities and contributed to the appearance of multilingual literature. Code-Switching could occur in different institutional languages, slangs, dialects, and sociolects; so, translators should find strategies to tackle this literary phenomenon and preserve the source text identity. But how could the translator (who is a reader and a transmitter at the same time) deal with these types of literary texts? And how could he/she produce a target multilingual text that preserves the identity and the magic expressed in the source text? The multilingual text is a specific genre of literature which combines two or more languages in the desire to express a multilingual and multicultural reality inherent to a particular group of individuals. Multilingual Literature appeared for the first time during the Middle Ages, but it was called originally Macaronic literature. The term 'Macaronic' is commonly used to indicate any hybrid language that mixes the vernacular with Latin. This mixture was frequent during the Middle Ages in all romance literature. Macaronic literature is therefore a phenomenon that represents the cultivated, highly educated and sophisticated categories of society like academics, novelists and poets. However, translators who used to identify the translation as an inter-linguistic transfer between two formal systems (source and target institutional languages) have faced obstacles in working with multilingual texts in which the author uses code-switching as an alternative to reflect the unfair categorization of people and registers in modern societies). This paper aims to examine the different strategies proposed by Venuti, Cincotta, Bojanin, Qoates and other scholars to transfer the code-switching device in the literary texts; and eventually proposes an integrated strategy that will preserve the code-switching aspect in the translation process, namely in Farah CHAMMA’s poem ‘I am No Palestinian’. Our strategy aims at creating such equilibrium between the translator’s creativity and identity losses, which will allow the target reader to be an active participant in the understanding process and revealing the otherness of the source text. The poem of Farah CHAMMA is chosen as a case study in this research, because it reflects the human being struggle for independence and freedom. However, the independence in this context does not mean the liberation from the colonizer who enters with his armed forces and military weapons to your country, the colonizer nowadays enters your brain trough globalization, migration, media, internet, and all these factors contributed to the fusion of the traditional notion of identities. The Islamic Arabic identity is contaminated by the French, English, Spanish, German, Italian, Christian and Jewish identities due to this kind of colonialism which destroys all the identity and patriotism fundamentals such as: ethics, religion, thought, and of course language. This is why Farrah writes in her poem that she had lost her language and all the Arabic Palestinian identity that comes with, she masters many foreign languages but her mother tongue. She thinks, acts and does like the British, the French, The Portuguese poets and artists do, but she just knows little tales about the Palestinian poet Ziad RAFFIF who defends the Palestinian issue in his literary works. So, the poet Farah Chamma used the multilingualism in her poetry to draw a picture of the struggle that exists within herself, and to show us how a language can embody an identity with all its features. The multiplicity of identities may create a new identity for the writer of the source text. Thus, the translator will not deal anymore with all the different cultures that belong to the languages of the text, but he must instead, discover the new identity of this community that uses this kind of speech system i.e., the Code-Switching system. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/915 10.52919/translang.v21i2.915 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/915/770 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 21 No 2 (2022): Traduction et Langues Volume : 21 Numéro : 02 / Decembre 2022; 205-229 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v21i2 Subject The topic of the resource Code-Switching Translation Multilingualism Multiculturality Identity Sociolect Dialect Macaronic literature Title A name given to the resource Challenges and Solutions to Translating Multilingual Literary Texts between Identity Custody and Translators’ Creativity: The case of Farah CHAMMA’s Poem Translation ‘I Am No Palestinian’ Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article