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                <text>Makria, Souhila</text>
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                <text>The Maghrebi and the Osmanli in the Strategy of Carlos V
This article has a double objective. On the one hand, it shows the strategy followed by Emperor Charles V for the hegemony of the Mediterranean and his confrontation with the Muslim emperor Suleiman the Magnificent and, on the other hand, his envy of keeping the North African territories inherited from his maternal grandparents to transmit them to his own son Felipe II. Well, this champion embraced the well-known topic the logo of peace between Christians and war against the infidels. It can be said that it was the same strategy as Fernando and Isabel but with little difference is that with Carlos one can speak of the absolute evolution of the degree of hostility against the Muslim world. The Muslim world that has coexisted with the Christian world for almost eight centuries has already returned as the opposite, enemy and Islamophobe. In our study we will try to show the catholicity of Carlos V against the Osmanli and the Maghrebi, as well as see the strategy followed by Carlos V, to stop the Turkish expansion in the Mediterranean and the corsair boom.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 13 No 2 (2014): Traduction et Langues Volume: 13 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2014; 131-139</text>
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                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>Charles V</text>
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                <text>Lo Magrebi y Lo Osmanli en La Estrategia de Carlos V</text>
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                <text>Aïssa-Kolli , Khaldia</text>
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                <text>Characterizations of the Maghrebi woman in Izuran and La Scaléra by Fatéma Bakha
The woman has long been on the margins. She differs from the man by her secondary nature but she has maintained the reins of power and the forefront in the various writings, since the dawn of time, as being pampered and adulated. Before accessing the idealized image of a high-value mother, the woman as a wife was submissive, endurance and suffering took over. In this incredible imbroglio posed by all the responsibilities expected of a woman, the modern woman remains the equal if not the parallel of the traditional woman. If it is not the fact that the modern woman is distinguished by her erudition and her financial liberation which allowed her to enjoy amenities worthy of alleviating her life. The author's vision is to highlight the change in the social status of woman after the dominant position fluttered towards that of the dominated. Consequently, this overlap allowed her to access a higher rank than that of a man without generalizing her extent in a community. The author's reflection on a major subject such as the status of woman aims to show its complexity. The typology of the female characters presented resulted in distinguishing the different facets (mother, wife, modern, traditional woman) attributed to her. This allowed us to see the different roles embodied by women. An exemplary and maternal woman following the example of the mother and the wife but considered an inferior being because she was constantly alienated from frustrations and endurances. The education and emancipation of modern women have enabled them to revolt and improve their living conditions, those of their children and even of their husbands. The author has insisted on the condition of women since prehistory with a positive and rewarding image to show that women are big enough to be alongside men and support them in their journey. In this militant approach, the author intends to show her vision of the world towards the status of women, which must change towards a dynamic of progress and fulfilment.</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/819</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v13i2.819</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 13 No 2 (2014): Traduction et Langues Volume: 13 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2014; 20-28</text>
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                <text>Les caractérisations de la femme  maghrébine dans Izuran et La Scaléra de Fatéma Bakhaï</text>
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                <text>Elkeurti, Naima</text>
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                <text>Stylistic Apparoach of the Literary Text
In this article we question the possibility of approaching the literary text in class ELF. We believe that the stylistic literary text would facilitate the implementation of the referent word that the text is given. We will try to see an experiment with students in fourth grade classic license, how to get a student from another culture have sensitivity, subjectivity and pleasure in the operation of a literary text. Adapted to the needs of learners’ stylistic approach could facilitate the meeting with this sensitive part of the literature. It would be a more effective way to combine the study of language to the study of literature. What teachers notice in class is that the foreign language works in a vacuum, its structure remains incomprehensible, see complex for students. By opting for a stylistic approach students are introduced to the operation of the French language, discover the different forms it can take, experience the different ways it can mean.</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/818</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 13 No 2 (2014): Traduction et Langues Volume: 13 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2014; 169-180</text>
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                <text>L’approche Stylistique du Texte Littéraire</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326558">
                <text>Sebane, Zoubida</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>In most Arabic countires, there is a diglossic situation where two variteis are in use, namely Fusha and Darija. The former is the high variety that is considered as a formal language and functions as the official statanrd language in all Arab countirs and the latter is a low variey and can be considered as colloquial Arabic. Fusha can be seen as the modern descendant of Classical Arabic which is mainly used for writing in formal discourse in the Arab world and is learned through formal education. Darija, however, represents the mother tongue that is learned naturally and can be distinguished in a number of varieties that differ along geographical lines. The present paper focuses on the relationship between the Arabic diglosic situation and education. In such educaltional contexts, Fusha can be seen as a second language but in terms of teaching methodologies It is approached as the first language. This sociolinguistic situation delays literacy acquisition due to a lack of transparent relation between speech and literacy. There is a widespread of functional literacy due to diglossia, which has a negative effect on children’s aability to acquire reading and writing skills in Fusha. Continuous efforts to improve language policies in the Arab world are taking place, most of these attempts focus on pedagogical and linguistic suggestions to facilitate the learning of Fusha, while ignoring the diglossic situation and its effects on the learning process.</text>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/817</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="326566">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/817/686</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="326567">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 13 No 2 (2014): Traduction et Langues Volume: 13 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2014; 51-55</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326568">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="326569">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326570">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v13i2</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326571">
                <text>Arabic</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326572">
                <text>darija</text>
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                <text>diaglossia</text>
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                <text>education</text>
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                <text>fusha</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326576">
                <text>Diaglossia and Educational  Development</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Traduction et Langues</text>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="326536">
                <text>Grazib, Mohamed</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2014-12-31</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The field of teaching has witnessed the elaboration of bounteous approaches and methods, eached influenced by a learnig theory and a teaching theory. The task-based approach is an example of these innovations in teaching in general and English language teaching in particular. With its three-phase procedure, pre-task, task and post-task phases, the task-based approach fits project- based learning and is consistent with the competency-based approach. This paper aims to popularise the use of the task-based learning as an approach in ELT classrooms. The focus will be also on the way teachers switch from theory to practice keeping the same pedagogical objectives. The paper sheds light on the main phases of the task-based learning approach, its advantages if used with students having different abilities and how to evaluate their tasks.</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326539">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/816</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326541">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v13i2.816</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="326542">
                <text>eng</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="326543">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="326544">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/816/685</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="326545">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 13 No 2 (2014): Traduction et Langues Volume: 13 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2014; 96-106</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="326546">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="326547">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="326548">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v13i2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="326549">
                <text>Task-based learning</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="326550">
                <text>English language learning</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="326551">
                <text>project pedagogy</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326552">
                <text>evaluation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326553">
                <text>classroom’s different abilities</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="326554">
                <text>Task-Based Learning Approach:  From Theory to Practice</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326556">
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  <item itemId="7624" public="1" featured="0">
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Articles</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="303802">
                  <text>Traduction et Langues</text>
                </elementText>
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      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="326514">
                <text>Sahnoune, Nisrine</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="326515">
                <text>2014-12-31</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326516">
                <text>This study examines learners’ Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency and Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills in L2 in order to determine the accuracy level of French oral language proficiency and academic achievement of students in Medical sciences (Tlemcen University). Adopting a few sociolinguistic research tools, the researcher has obtained some results confirming that students often lag behind in academic performance due to the delay in the development of Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) and to the complexity of bilingual language acquisition despite their apparent language fluency which reflects their achievement in Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills interpreted as communicative success. Another important aim in this research was to analyze the effects of students’ attitudes towards French.</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="326517">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/815</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326519">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v13i2.815</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326520">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="326521">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="326522">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/815/683</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="326523">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 13 No 2 (2014): Traduction et Langues Volume: 13 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2014; 181-198</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="326524">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="326525">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="326526">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v13i2</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326527">
                <text>Bilingualism</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="326528">
                <text>BICS</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>CALP</text>
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                <text>code switching,</text>
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                <text>language attitudes</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326532">
                <text>The Effects of Bilingualism and Language  Attitudes on Algerian Students’  Academic Proficiency in Medical  Sciences</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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                <elementText elementTextId="303802">
                  <text>Traduction et Langues</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="326487">
                <text>Bendref, Laïla</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326488">
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326489">
                <text>When context enhances the sense of borrowing in young Algerian students' practices: The case of Relizane city
The study that we undertake, concerns the linguistic practices of the young relizanais students of the department of French. In fact, it is a study with a double dimension: a sociolinguistic and didactic one. The sociolinguistic dimension revealed the analysis of the borrowing of French items into dialectal Arabic; except the environment of education (teaching). These practices are characterized, particularly, by a gap between the "settled" sense and the sense (direction) "claimed"("aspired") by the borrowing; a gap which separates this "power" of this "duty" where the interlocutors lead (infer) a series of changes on the structures of the lowanwords), disregarding laws of the good use and breaking obviously the internal linguistic structures. As for the didactic dimension, because of the appeal to the students who prepare a license (Bachelor's degree) in French, we are going to request the literal sense of the units borrowed to prove if the rejection (discharge) of the notion of the literal sense (direction) is a sign of competence or a sign of misunderstanding and/or use by imitation (mimicry). And thus, this leads us to reflect upon the process of teaching /learning of the French language in Algeria in a broad way.</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/814</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v13i2.814</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326493">
                <text>fra</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326494">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/814/682</text>
              </elementText>
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              <elementText elementTextId="326496">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 13 No 2 (2014): Traduction et Langues Volume: 13 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2014; 78-95</text>
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                <text>the sense (direction) of the borrowing</text>
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                <text>Quand le contexte dynamise le sens de  l’emprunt dans les pratiques langagières  des jeunes étudiants algériens : Cas de la  ville de Relizane</text>
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                <text>Benmostefa Harig, Fatima Zohra</text>
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                <text>Assimilation and semantic transfers of lexical borrowings in media discourse
The word hijab can be presented as a xénisme, but it knew a semantic change in media discourse, the integration process allows to see its evolution in relation to the historical, cultural and ideological events and of course political. The original reference, the garment (clothing) is not present in the Hexagone; That is why, by metonymy slip, media discourse such as lexicographical discourse retains, at the semantic level, just a portion of the garment (clothing, the veil. This is what some suggest discursive denominations. Hijab, at least in this metonymic sense, denominates not a non-existent reality in France, but a new reality; the label of "xénisme" appears once in partially inadequate. For their part, the words scarf and veil expanded their polysemy in the form of semantic neologisms as they can name this new reality; the Islamic veil, as well as to the Islamic headscarf.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 13 No 2 (2014): Traduction et Langues Volume: 13 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2014; 156-164</text>
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                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>Assimilation et transferts sémantiques des emprunts lexicaux dans le discours médiatique</text>
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                  <text>Traduction et Langues</text>
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                <text>Moulfi, Leila</text>
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                <text>Sarnou, Dalal</text>
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                <text>The Arab woman not only has contributed to the changing of the contemporary Arab literature but also has used her pen in times of wars and conflicts as a kind of resistance. Nawal Saadawi says: “does anything more than danger stimulate our creativity? And does anything threaten our creativity more than danger?” (N. Saadawi, 1996:157). In her article “Mapping Peace”, the literary critic Miriam Cooke claims that women have a stake in interpreting their war experiences. In fact, writing during war time is an experience that is part of war itself, an experience that informs the socio-political roles that precede it. The Lebanese, the Palestinian, and most recently the Iraqi women writers are vivid, genuine representatives of what a woman can create during times of war, how she can re-shape her experience of war and which portrait she can give to this experience. Hanane Sheikh, Sahar Khalifah, Mai Ghoussoub and Huda Barakat’s writings are instances of the Arab woman’s creativity in moments of conflicts, of wars and of danger. Women’s war literature allows the intolerable to be written because women do not take part in wars with arms but rather with their pens, their voices and their intellects. In fact, women writers subvert time, space and thus history to create their own world and their own records. This trend of Arab literature is viewed as an authoritative tool against the violence of war and as a passive resistance. It is also authoritative in terms of representing space and time as reshaped by wars. Contemporary Arab women writers have shown a big interest of creativity in writing novels, poems and short stories that lucidly portray the transformations war brings, and they have also shown a genuine capacity of subverting moments of war and transforming war time into moments of creation and metamorphosis. The present paper unveils Arab women writers’ genuine ability in creating a narrative space and a narrative time that is proper to moments of wars through their literary writings. Huda Barakat’s The Stone of Laughter is going to be our corpus as it represents a vivid depiction of the Lebanese Civil War, and “the best novel written about the Lebanese civil war.”</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/812</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 13 No 2 (2014): Traduction et Langues Volume: 13 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2014; 37-43</text>
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                <text>Translation</text>
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                <text>Re-thinking Literary Space in  Huda Barakat’s the Stone of Laughter</text>
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                <text>Ouahmiche, Ghania</text>
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                <text>The effect of sequentiality in Algerian bilingual speech: Some productive conversational processes in mixed codes
This paper deals with some conversational strategies operating in bilingual speech as illustrated in some occurrences drawn from Algerian Arabic/French Code-Switching in the two directions. The idea that shapes this paper is mainly based on Alfonzetti assumption viewing Code- Switching (CS) as a contextualization strategy, independently from grammatical and macro- sociolinguistic contexts. In this sense, the contrast created by CS will be exploited by bilingual speakers to mark constant changes of footing. Henceforth, these theoretical conceptions will be supported by empirical evidence drawn from the analysis of some instances of CS characterizing the bilingual speech of some Algerian students in different settings. Furthermore, our attention will be directed mainly towards the conversational and pragmatic significance of code-alternations. Our reflection on CS led us to implement two theoretical models, the markedness theory and the conversational model. According to the first model, CS can respond to several motivations: it can be part of a normative framework characterized by the marking of linguistic choices in relation to a previously predefined context, it targets in certain cases the communicative function, and the negotiation of social distance in other cases. We concluded that the social motivations set up in the theory of negotiation in relevance to the interlocutors’ roles explain only partially the choices of the languages in interaction because they reduce the linguistic behaviors of bilingual speakers to a contextual determinism which completely denies their role in the code selection. The conversational analysis of CS, on the other hand, allowed us to identify the functions of CS isntances and their communicative relevance, even if they are socially non-significant. In this perspective, CS is considered as a linguistic resource in the interactive construction of the bilingual speakers’ discourses, it largely depends on the sequential structure of their verbal exchanges as well as their participation. We insist on the fact that the structural conversational dimension is sufficiently independent of the morphosyntactic rules and social norms associated with the alternating codes, turns out to be relevant in a given conversational episode. Indeed, what is important in this conversational perception of CS is the notion of contrast generated by the juxtaposition of the two codes within the same discourse. However, it seems impossible to us to assign a semantic, or even a symbolic, value to each Switch. In this regard, we have proposed a diagram with the aim of explaining the fluidity of the transition from French to Arabic, and vice versa, in the bilingual speech of our informants by putting them at the center of all the underlying processes relevant to bilinagual speech production.</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/811</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 13 No 2 (2014): Traduction et Langues Volume: 13 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2014; 6-19</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v13i2</text>
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                <text>Code-alteration</text>
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                <text>L’effet de la séquentialité dans le parler bilingue Algérien : Quelques procédés conversationnels productifs dans les  codes mixtes</text>
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