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Impact of Government Investment and Chinese Investment on Economic Growth of Pakistan.

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The research aims to evaluate the impact of government development expenditure and Chinese foreign direct investment on Pakistan's economic growth from 1980 to 2020. The data sample used in the study was sourced from the World Bank database and the Pakistan Board of Investment Publications. The dependent variable was GDP growth, while the independent variables were Chinese foreign direct investment, CFDI government development expenditure, and Gross Domestic Product (GDE). The study used various tests, including Unit root test, Autoregressive Distributed Lag, Error Correction Model, White test, lag selection criterion, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Granger Causality Test. The study found that Chinese investment and GDE have a positive impact on Pakistan's economic growth in the short run, while negatively affecting it in the long run. The positive relationship between CFDI government development expenditure and GDP growth is present in both the short and long run, as government fiscal policies in favor of Chinese investment aim to increase investment inflow. GDE stimulates CFDI, resulting in a positive impact on GDP growth.
The study was divided into two sub-period groups to analyze the relationship before and after the sharp decline of CFDI in pre-2007 and post-2007 sub-periods. In pre-2007, CFDI and GDE helped in economic growth with a negative relationship between CFDI and GDE. After the dramatic decline in 2007, the relationship changed, with GDE having a positive effect while CFDI negatively affected economic growth with a negative relationship in CFDI*GDE.
These findings are valuable for policymakers and the government to formulate effective economic policies for Pakistan's economic development and are insightful for foreign investors to understand the trend.

شُرِّعت العقوبات في الدين الإسلامي لغايات ومقاصد تهدف إلى الحد من ارتكاب الـمحظورات الشرعية بمخالفة أوامر الله ونواهيه واتباع خطوات الشيطان، هدف هذا البحث إلى استظهار العقوبات الشرعية لجرائم حوادث الـمرور من منظور التشريع الإسلامي ونقصد العقوبات الشرعية التي شَرَّعها الله تبارك وتعالى وأنزلها في كتابه العزيز وأقرّتها السنة النبوية الشريفة، كما تتجلى أهمية البحث في تبيان ماهية الجرائم المرورية من خلال تعريفها وتحديد أقسامها والحكم الشرعي لهذه الجرائم، كما يتناول البحث أنواع العقوبات الشرعية ومشروعية كل عقوبة من مصدر القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية، والإجماع، مع بيان أحكام العقوبات الشرعية المقررة لكل جناية (جريمة) ودورها الإيجابي في الحد من تنامي حوادث المرور باعتبارها جوابر وزواجر في آن واحد، إضافة إلى استقراء أقوال بعض فقهاء الشريعة الإسلامية في حكم العقوبات، مع بيان مقادير هذه العقوبات الشرعية، كالدية الكاملة والدية الغير كاملة (الأَروشْ) والكفارات والتعازير والسَّوْمْ عند التطرق إلى تطبيقات هذه العقوبات الشرعية على جرائم حوادث المرور

Punishments have been legislated in Islam religion for purposes and objectives that go back to committing legal prohibitions, violating God’s commands and prohibitions, and following the footsteps of Satan. This research aims to clarify the legal penalties for traffic accident crimes in Islamic legislation.A descriptive study that deals with the nature of traffic crimes in terms of their definition and divisions, and the legal ruling for these crimes, by conditioning the old animals felony on modern vehicles, with a statement of the provisions of the prescribed legal penalties., and its positive role in reducing the growth of traffic accidents, The research also aimed to analyze the legal evidence related to legal penalties by extrapolating the sayings of some Islamic jurists (Scholars) in the ruling on penalties, with an indication of the amounts of legal fine penalties such as the full orpartialfine (Al-Urush), expiations, condolences and fees, by addressing the applications of these legal penalties for traffic accident crimes.

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application/pdf

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https://arabjhs.com/ojs/index.php/a/article/view/186

10.59735/arabjhs.vi22.186

https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elbahith/article/view/1759

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AL_sunbula Center for Research and Studies

University of Batna 1

Relation

https://arabjhs.com/ojs/index.php/a/article/view/186/193

https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elbahith/article/view/1759/1459

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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

Source

المجلة العربية للعلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية; عدد 22 (2023): العدد الثاني والعشرون - كانون الأول - 2023

10.59735/arabjhs.vi22

مجلة الباحث للدراسات الأكاديمية; مجلد 10 عدد 2 (2023); 666-689

ELBAHITH For Academic Studies; Vol. 10 No. 2 (2023); 666-689

ELBAHITH For Academic Studies; Vol. 10 No 2 (2023); 666-689

10.59791/efas.v10i2

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info:eu-repo/semantics/article

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

info:eu-repo/semantics/article

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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