Efficiency of urban resilience systems applied to the Lebanese territory
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article aims to assess the relevance of urban resilience mechanisms, integrated into studies and plans related to the Lebanese territory. These studies and plans are the result of cooperation between the Lebanese authorities and International Organizations. This research analyses the studies and plans capacity to develop new practices related to spatial planning. It also assess the impact of national public policies on the improvement of the resilience of the Lebanese territory, especially urban areas. In order to achieve the desired objectives, it is necessary to understand the current state and challenges of the Lebanese territory at all levels, and which are numerous and complex. The interest of this research comes mainly from this complexity, as it tries to understand the particular aspects of the social and territorial issues of Lebanon. What makes the problem even more complex is the disagreement over how political, social and territorial issues should be dealt with. Administrative and political problems also play a major role in the inapplicability of resilience mechanisms. The ultimate goal would be to find common ground to move forward in the planning process. We thus know the importance of revising plans and studies including resilience mechanisms, to understand the reasons of their inapplicability and find out the outcomes that allow the improvement of territorial resilience in Lebanon.
Downloads
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Brown, C., Shaker, R. & Gorgolewski, M. (2016). Urban resilience in Canada: Research priorities and best practices for climate resilience in cities. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303788783_Urban_resilience_in_Canada_Research_priorities_and_best_practices_for_climate_resilience_in_cities. consulté le 22 novembre 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32920/ryerson.14636007.v1
Dolfus, O. (1970), L’espace géographique, Que sais-je ? Presses universitaires de France, Paris.
Fischfisch, A. (2010), Urbanisation anarchique (chapitre 7), État de l’environnement et ses tendances au Liban, ministère de l’Environnement, PNUD, ECODIT, p.241
Gillardot, P. (1997), Géographie rurale. Paris : Ellipses.
Janmyr, M. (2016). Precarity in Exile: The Legal Status of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 35(4), 58–78. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48503296, consulté le 5 janvier 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdw016
Lamy, S. & Ibrahim, S. (2014), Recueil des textes relatifs au droit de l’urbanisme et de la construction au Liban, Beyrouth : ALBA.
Lebeau, R. (1969), Les grands types de structures agraires dans le monde, Paris : Masson et Cie.
Massing, S & Mahmalat, M. (2022), Lebanon Risk and Resilience Assessment. Washington, D.C: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099358405232232264/IDU02d26508d072230438508a3405c37b5a458ce. , consulté le 23 novembre 2023.
Meerow, S., Newell, J.P. & Stults, M. (2016), Defining urban resilience: A review, Landscape and Urban Planning, 147, pp. 38-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.011, consulté le 20 novembre 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.011
Pizzo, B., (2015), Problematizing resilience: Implications for planning theory and practice, Cities, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2014.11.015. consulté le 22 novembre 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2014.11.015
Ribeiro, P. J. G. & Pena Jardim Gonçalves, L. A. (2019). Urban resilience: A conceptual framework. Sustainable Cities and Society, 50, 101625, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101625. consulté le 5 décembre 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101625
Selwan Khoury, B.E. (2017), Les réfugiés syriens au Liban : un cas de figure humanitaire qui risque de se transformer en bombe à retardement, Traduit de l’italien par Feingold, E. Dans Outre-Terre 2017/3 (N°52), pages 178 à 184, www.carin.info, consulté le 31 août 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/oute1.052.0178
Sharifi, A. (2020). Urban Resilience Assessment: Mapping Knowledge Structure and Trends. Sustainability, 12, 5918. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12155918. consulté le 18 septembre 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12155918
Torabi, E., Dedekorkut-Howes, A. & Howes, M. (2022) A framework for using the concept of urban resilience in responding to climate-related disasters, Urban Research & Practice, 15:4, 561-583, DOI: 10.1080/17535069.2020.1846771. consulté le 22 septembre 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2020.1846771
Vale, L. J. (2014) The politics of resilient cities: whose resilience and whose city? Building Research & Information. DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2014.850602. consulté le 27 septembre 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2014.850602
Décret n°2366 du 20 juin 2009, Stratégie de développement et d’aménagement des territoires libanais, (Journal officiel libanais – en arabe).
IAURIF (2005), Schéma d'Aménagement du Territoire Libanais – Rapport final.
Libandata (2016), La répartition territoriale des municipalités libanaises, https://www.libandata.org/fr/cartes/repartition-des-municipalites, consulté le 7 septembre 2023.
Loi française n° 99-586, 1999, relative au renforcement et à la simplification de la coopération intercommunale, Art. L. 5216-1. https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000000396397#:~:text=«%20Art.,plus%20de%2015%20000%20habitants, consulté le 7 septembre 2023.
Nations Unies (2017), Nouveau Programme pour les Villes (Version française), ISBN : 978-92-1-132735-9.
Nations Unies (2015), Résolution adoptée par l’Assemblée générale le 25 septembre 2015, Transformer notre monde : le Programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030, https://ggim.un.org/documents/A_Res_70_1_f.pdf, consulté le 12 octobre 2023.
Nations Unies (2016), Nouveau programme pour les villes – Habitat III, https://habitat3.org/wp-content/uploads/NUA-French.pdf, consulté le 12 octobre 2023.
Government of Lebanon & United Nation (2023), Lebanon crisis response plan. https://lebanon.un.org/en/230732-2023-lebanon-crisis-response-plan-lcrp, consulté le 16 octobre 2023.
The New Leipzig Charter, The transformative power of cities for common good, https://base.citego.org/docs/new-leipzig-charta-2020.pdf, consulté le 7 septembre 2023.
UN-Habitat (2021), Beirut City Profile, Beirut : UN-Habitat Lebanon.
Urban Projects Finance Initiative (UPFI), Programme pour la résilience économique et urbaine au Liban, https://upfi-med.eib.org/fr/projects/programme-multi-ville-de-developpement-urbain-liban/, consulté le 4 septembre 2023.
World Bank, United nations, European Union, (2020), Lebanon Recovery, Reform and Reconstruction Framework, https://unsdg.un.org, consulté le 14 septembre 2023.